WORLD HISTORYWORLD WAR II

BOARD QUESTIONS

1) WHO WAS THE LEADER OF GERMANY IN THE 1930’S?

2) WHO WAS THE LEADER OF THE SOVIET UNION DURING WWII?

3) LIST THE FIRST THREE STEPS OF HITLER’S PLAN TO DOMINATE EUROPE.

4)LIST THE AXIS POWERS OF WWII.

5) LIST THE ALLIED POWERS OF WWII.

BOARD QUESTIONS

1) WHEN DID THE JAPANESE BOMB PEARL HARBOR?

2) WHEN DID THE U.S. JOIN WWII?

3) WHAT WAS THE PROJECT CALLED THAT CREATED THE ATOM BOMB?

4) ON WHAT CITIES IN JAPAN WERE THE A-BOMBS DROPPED?

5) ON WHAT DATES WERE THE A-BOMBS USED?

ECONOMIC CRISIS STRIKES THE WORLD

THE WORLD’S ECONOMY GOES INTO A DEPRESSION IN THE LATE 1920’S INTO THE 1930’S.

MOST OF THE LEADERS OF THE WORLD SPEND MOST OF THE DAY TRYING TO FIND A WAY TO BRING THEIR COUNTRY OUT OF THE DEPRESSION.

HITLER’S GERMANY

• AS PART OF THE TREATY SIGNED AFTER WWI GERMANY WAS NOT ALLOWED TO EXPAND IT’S MILITARY. IF THEY DID IT WOULD BE CONSIDERED AN ACT OF WAR.

• MARCH 9, 1935 ANNOUNCED THE CREATION OF A NEW AIR FORCE THE LUFTWAFFE.

HITLER’S GERMANY

• ONE WEEK LATER HITLER BEGAN A MILITARY DRAFT THAT EXPANDED GERMANY’S ARMY FROM 100,000 TO 550,000 TROOPS.

• FRANCE, GREAT BRITAIN, AND ITALY CONDEMNED GERMANY AND WARNED AGAINST FUTURE ACTION.

HITLER’S GERMANY

• BECAUSE OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION FRANCE, GREAT BRITAIN, NOR ITALY WANT TO ENTER A WAR WITH ALL THE ECONOMY TROUBLES IN THEIR RESPECTIVE COUNTRIES.

• THIS CONVINCED HITLER HE COULD BE MORE AGGRESSIVE AND ON MARCH 7, 1936 HE SENT SOLDIERS INTO RHINELAND, WHICH WAS A DEMILITARIZED ZONE AFTER WWI.

HITLER’S GERMANY

HITLER’S GERMANY

• FRANCE WAS AGAINST GERMANY MOVING TROOPS INTO RHINELAND, BUT WOULD NOT ACT WITHOUT THE HELP OF GREAT BRITAIN.

• GREAT BRITAIN DID NOT WANT TO USE FORCE. THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT SAW THE OCCUPATION IN RHINELAND AS A REASONABLE ACTION BY A DISSATISFIED GOVERNMENT.

BENITO MUSSOLINI

MUSSOLINI WAS THE FASCIST RULER OF ITALY. HE HAD A DREAM OF RECREATING A NEW ROMAN EMPIRE.

IN OCTOBER 1935 ITALY INVADED ETHIOPIA ANGERING FRANCE AND GREAT BRITAIN.

BECAUSE OF THE PRESSURE PUT ON MUSSOLINI HE DECIDED HE NEEDED AN ALLY IN GERMANY.

HITLER’S GERMANY

• THE LONDON TIMES NOTED THAT GERMANY WAS ONLY MOVING TROOPS INTO LAND THAT WAS ALREADY A PART OF GERMANY.

• GREAT BRITAIN WANTED TO USE THE FORIGN POLICY OF APPEASEMENT. IF THEY ALLOWED GERMANY THEIR REASONABLE DEMANDS. GERMANY WOULD BECOME CONTENT AND PEACEFUL.

HITLER’S GERMANY

• BY 1937, GERMANY HAD ONCE AGAIN IN BECOME A WORLD POWER.

• IN MARCH 1938, HITLER THREATENED AUSTRIA HIS HOMELAND WITH A GERMAN INVASION. THE AUSTRIAN CHANCELLOR ALLOWED AUSTRIAN NAZI’S TO BE IN CHARGE OF THE AUSTRIAN GOVERNMENT INSTEAD OF GOING TO WAR WITH GERMANY.

HITLER’S GERMANY

• MARCH 13, 1938 HITLER ARRIVED IN AUSTRIA VICTORIOUS AND ANNEXED AUSTRIA TO GERMANY.

• SEPTEMBER 15, 1938 HITLER DEMANDED THAT GERMANY BE GIVEN THE SUDETENLAND, AN AREA IN NORTHWEST CZECHOSLOVAKIA.

SUDETENLAND

HITLER’S GERMANY

• HITLER EXPRESSED HIS WILLINGNESS TO RISK “WORLD WAR” TO ACHIVE HIS OBJECTIVE.

• A HASTY CONFERENCE WAS SET UP IN MUNICH FOR EUROPEAN POWER TO DISCUSS THE SUDETENLAND.

• FRENCH AND BRITISH LEADERS DID NOT OBJECT TO HITLERS PLAN. THEY VIRTUALLY GAVE INTO HITLER’S EVERY DEMAND.

HITLER’S GERMANY

• BY MARCH 1939, HITLER HAD INVADED AND TOOK CONTROL OF BOHEMIA AND MORAVIA IN WESTERN CZECHOSLOVAKIA. ALSO, SLOVAKIA HAD BECOME A PUPPET STATE CONTROLLED BY NAZI GERMANY.

• GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE FINALLY FIGURED OUT THAT HITLER WOULD NOT BE TRUE TO HIS PROMISES.

THE SOVIET UNION

• JOSEPH SALIN WAS THE RUTHLESS DICTATOR OF A COMMUNIST STATE KNOWN AS THE SOVIET UNION.

• GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE KNOW THE ONLY WAY TO STOP HITLER WAS WITH THE HELP OF SALIN.

• HILTER UNDERSTOOD THIS AND TRIED TO BRING STALIN ON HIS SIDE.

NAZI-SOVIET NONAGRESSION

• ON AUGUST 23, 1939, GERMANY AND THE SOVIET UNION SIGNED THE NAZI SOVIET NONAGGRESSION PACT. IN IT, THE TWO NATIONS PROMISED NOT TO ATTACK EACH OTHER.

• HITLER OFFERED STALIN CONTROL OF EAST POLAND AND THE BALTIC STATES.

HITLER’S GERMANY

• HITLER BELIEVED WITH THE SOVIET UNION ON HIS SIDE HE COULD TAKE CONTROL OF POLAND WITH ZERO RESISTANCE FROM THE WESTERN WORLD.

• SO ON SEPTEMBER 1, 1939 HITLER INVADED POLAND. TWO DAYS LATER BRITAIN AND FRANCE DECLARED WAR ON GERMANY.

THE LAND OF THE RISING SUN

THE JAPANESE WERE ALSO BECOMING A MAJOR WORLD POWER.

JAPAN STARTED IN SEPTEMBER 1931, BY TAKING OVER MANCHURIA FOR ITS RICH NATURAL RESOURCES.

THE LAND OF THE RISING SUN

THE LAND OF THE RISING SUN

THE JAPANESE NEEDED NATURAL RESOURCES TO KEEP UP WITH IT’S COUNTRIES INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.

THE UNITED STATES DID NOT LIKE THE JAPANESE TAKE OVER OF MANCHURIA BUT WERE UNWILLING TO USE FORCE.

CHINA• CHINA WAS ENGAGED IN A CIVIL

WAR. SOME PEOPLE IN CHINA WANTED COMMUNISM IN CHINA.

• CHIANG KAI-SHEK DID NOT. HE WOULD USE THE APPEASEMENT POLICY WITH JAPAN TO FIGHT WHAT HE THOUGHT WAS A WORSE ENEMY IN COMMUNIST IN HIS COUNTRY.

THE LAND OF THE RISING SUN

BY DECEMBER 1936, WITH JAPANESE TROOPS MOVING STEADILY SOUTHWARD THROUGH CHINA. CHIANG KAI-SHEK STOPPED HIS FIGHT WITH COMMUNIST AND STARTED FIGHTING JAPAN.

THE JAPANESE DIDN’T PLAN ON DECLARING WAR ON CHINA BUT BY 1937 FIGHTING HAD BECOME FIERCE.

THE LAND OF THE RISING SUN

BY DECEMBER 1937 JAPAN HAD TAKEN THE CAPITAL OF CHINA.

WHEN THE SOVIETS SIGNED THE NON AGGRESSION PACT WITH GERMANY AUGUST 1939.

THE JAPANESE HAD TO RETHINK THERE PLANS FOR THE FUTURE.

THE LAND OF THE RISING SUN

THE JAPANESE SET THEIR GOALS ON TAKING THE VAST NATURE RESOURCES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA.

SUMMER 1940 JAPANESE DEMANDED THE RIGHT TO EXPLOIT ECONOMIC RESOURCES FROM FRENCH INDOCHINA.

THE UNITED STATES WARNED THAT THIS ACTION WOULD FORCE TRADE SANCTIONS BETWEEN THE U.S. AND JAPAN.

THE LAND OF THE RISING SUN

JAPAN BECAUSE OF THE TRADE SANCTIONS WOULD LOSE U.S. OIL AND SCRAP IRON THAT IT BADLY NEEDED.

THE JAPANESE DECIDED TO SURPRISE ATTACK U.S. AND EUROPEAN COLONIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA.

WAR IN THE WEST

• APRIL 9, 1940 HITLER BEGAN A BLITZKRIEG (LIGHTNING WAR) AGAINST DENMARK AND NORWAY.

• MAY 10, 1940 GERMANY LAUNCHED AN ATTACK ON THE NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM, AND FRANCE.

• GERMAN PANZER DIVISIONS MOVED QUICKLY THROUGH WEAK FRENCH DEFENSES.

WAR IN THE WEST

• THE GERMANS BREAKING THROUGH THE FRENCH DEFENSES CAUGHT BRITISH AND FRENCH TROOPS OFF GUARD.

• THE GERMANS SPLIT THE ALLIED FORCES AND TRAPPED FRENCH TROOPS AND AN ENTIRE BRITISH ARMY ON THE BEACH OF DUNKIRK.

WAR IN THE WEST

• ON THE HEROIC EFFORT OF THE ROYAL NAVY AND CIVILIANS IN PRIVATE BOATS THE BRITISH MANAGED TO EVACUATE 338,OOO ALLIED( MOSTLY BRITISH) TROOPS.

• JUNE 22, 1940 FRANCE SIGNED AN ARMISTICE. GERMANY NOW OCCUPIED ABOUT THREE-FIFTHS OF FRANCE.

WAR IN THE WEST

• GERMANY NOW CONTROLLED CENTRAL AND WESTERN EUROPE, BUT GREAT BRITAIN HAD STILL NOT BEEN DEFEATED.

• AFTER DUNKIRK BRITAIN ASKED THE U.S. FOR HELP, BUT THE U.S. STUCK TO A STRICT POLICY OF ISOLATIONISM.

• IN THE 1930’S THE U.S. PASSED LEGISLATION STOPPING THEM FROM GOING TO WAR IN EUROPE.

WAR IN THE WEST

• FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT UNDERSTOOD THAT THE NEUTRALITY ACTS OF THE 1930’S WERE ACTUALLY ENCOURAGING AXIS AGGRESSION AND WANTED THE ACTS REPEALED.

• THE ACTS WERE GRADUALLY RELAXED AS THE U.S. SUPPLIED FOOD, SHIPS, PLANES, AND WEAPONS TO BRITAIN.

WAR IN THE WEST

• GERMANY REALIZED THAT THE ONLY WAY TO INVADE ENGLAND WAS TO HAVE CONTROL OF THE AIR.

• THE LUFTWAFFE LAUNCHED A MAJOR OFFENSIVE. GERMAN PLANES BOMBED BRITISH AIR AND NAVAL BASES, HARBORS, COMMUNICATION CENTERS, AND WAR INDUSTRIES.

WAR IN THE WEST

• THE BRITISH FOUGHT BACK WITH DETERMINATION.

• AN EARLY WARNING RADAR SYSTEM REALLY HELPED THE BRITISH AIR FORCE FIGHT OFF GERMAN FIGHTERS.

• THE BRITISH DECIDED TO ATTACK BERLIN WITH A BOMBING RAID.

WAR IN THE WEST

• IN RESPONSE TO THE BRITISH BOMBING OF BERLIN, HITLER DECIDED TO STOP BOMBING MILITARY TARGETS AND STARTED BOMBING BRITISH CITIES TO TRY AND BREAK BRITISH MORALE.

• BECAUSE BRITISH MILITARY TARGETS WERE NOT BEING HIT. THIS ALLOWED THE BRITISH TIME TO REBUILD ITS AIR FORCE.

WAR IN THE WEST

• BY THE END OF SEPTEMBER 1940 HITLER POSTPONED THE INVASION OF BRITAIN INDEFINITELY. BECAUSE THE ROYAL AIR FORCE (RAF) HAD INFLECTED MAJOR LOSSES IN THE LUFTWAFFE.

WAR IN EASTERN EUROPE

• HITLER BECAME CONVINCED THE ONLY REASON BRITAIN STAYED IN THE WAR WAS BECAUSE THEY BELIEVED THE SOVIET UNION WOULD SUPPORT THEM.

• HITLER WANTED TO ATTACK THE SOVIETS IN THE SPRING OF 1941 BUT WAS UNABLE TO DO SO BECAUSE ITALY WAS NOT ABLE TO TAKE GREECE.

WAR IN EASTERN EUROPE

• HITLER TOOK OVER GREECE, YUGOSLAVIA, HUNGARY, BULGARIA, AND ROMANIA IN ORDER TO START HIS INVASION OF THE U.S.S.R.

• ON JUNE 22, 1941HITLER BEGAN HIS ATTACK ON THE SOVIET UNION. THE MASSIVE ATTACK STRETCHED OUT ALONG A FRONT OF 1,800 MILES.

WAR IN EASTERN EUROPE

• HITLER GOT WITH IN 25 MILES OF MOSCOW, BUT AN EARLY WINTER HIT ALONG WITH A FIERCE SOVIET RESISTANCE THAT HALTED THE GERMAN ADVANCE.

• BECAUSE OF THE PLANNED SPRING DATE TO START THE ATTACK THE GERMAN SOLDIERS DID NOT HAVE WINTER CLOTHES.

WAR IN EASTERN EUROPE

• FOR THE FIRST TIME IN THE WAR THE GERMAN ARMY HAD BEEN STOPPED.

• IN DECEMBER 1941, THE SOVIETS BEGAN A COUNTER ATTACK PUSHING THE GERMANS BACK OUT OF RUSSIA.

WAR IN THE PACIFIC

• ON DECEMBER 7, 1941 JAPANESE AIRCRAFT ATTACKED THE U.S. NAVAL BASE AT PEARL HARBOR.

• THE SAME DAY, OTHER JAPANESE UNITS LAUNCHED ADDITIONAL ASSAULTS ON THE PHILIPPINES AND BEGAN ADVANCING TOWARD THE BRITISH COLONY OF MALAYA.

WAR IN THE PACIFIC

• BY THE SPRING OF 1942, ALMOST ALL OF SOUTHEAST ASIA AND MUCH OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC HAD FALLEN INTO JAPANESE HANDS.

• THE JAPANESE BELIEVED BECAUSE THE ATTACK AT PEARL HARBOR THE U.S. WOULD BOW TO JAPANESE DOMAINS IN THE PACIFIC.

WAR IN THE PACIFIC

• THE JAPANESE BELIEVE THE U.S. HAD BECOME SOFT BY MATERIAL INDULGENCE.

• THE JAPANESE WERE VERY WRONG. THE ATTACK AT PEARL HARBOR UNIFIED THE U.S. AND ON DECEMBER 8, 1941 THE U.S. JOINED WWII.

WAR IN THE PACIFIC

• BELIEVING THAT THE JAPANESE WOULD KEEP THE U.S. BUSY IN THE PACIFIC HITLER DECLARED WAR ON THE U.S. ON DECEMBER 12, 1941.

• THE U.S. ENTERING THE WAR MADE A STRONG MILITARY ALLIANCE BETWEEN THE U.S., U.S.S.R, AND GREAT BRITAIN. THEY STRESS MILITARY PROGRESS AND IGNORED POLITICAL DIFFERENCES.

WWII

• THE ALLIES DECIDED AT THE BEGINNING OF 1943 TO MAKE THE AXIS POWERS OF GERMAN, ITALY, AND JAPAN TO SURRENDER UNCONDITIONALLY.