world class education . europe: state building in the seventeenth century elizabeth hyde
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World Class Educationwww.kean.edu
Europe: State Building in the Seventeenth
Century
Elizabeth Hyde
Great Britain: Constitutional Monarchy
France: Absolutism
United Provinces (The Netherlands): Republic
James I and Divine Right of Kings Charles I tangles with Parliament
“Petition of Right” The reforms of the Long Parliament Civil War Execution of Charles I
Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector of Republic Restoration of the Monarchy
Charles II James II
The “Glorious” or “Bloodless” Revolution Ascension of William and Mary Triumph of Constitutionalism and Parliament
Henri IV and Duc de Sully French recovery, modernization Office of intendant
Louis XIII and Richelieu Internal threats to royal power External threats Reproductive threat to dynastic survival
Louis XIV and Mazarin Fronde Peace of the Pyrenees
Louis XIV “takes the reigns of government” Centralization Versailles as both symbol and model
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher EducationVersailles in 1668, BEFORE major expansion.
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher EducationThe court in the gardens of Versailles, c. 1690.
Dutch government Decentralized, local control
Dutch Republic in 1658.
Seven Provinces Each province ruled by “regents” in charge of
local affairs.
States General Elected representatives from each province
serve in States General A weak central authority
Dutch affairs dominated by province of Holland and House of Orange
Dutch “character” Militarily victorious Mercantile triumphant Religious toleration
By the end of the seventeenth century, absolutist France was led by the most powerful kings in Europe:
France had become the wealthiest and most powerful nation in Europe
But it was increasingly challenged by countries with alternative political and economic models (i.e. the British and the Dutch) as they moved into the eighteenth century.