world bank documentdocuments.worldbank.org/curated/en/592411468059678618/...international bank for...

A NATIONAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR NEPAL

Including an Investment Program

for the Third Plan 1965/66-1969/70

(In three volumes) U N N w38

VOL. 3

VOLUME III

STATISTICAL APPENDIX

Report of a Mission

organized by the

INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

at the request of

THE GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL

Washington, D. C.

June 1965

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

U.S. $1 NRs 7.619NRs 1 = U.S. $. 13125

This volume represents a collation of alldata collected by the Mission from publishedsources, and from personal interviews andobservations. Some of the information isnecessarily preliminary and tentative.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume III.Statistical Appendix

Page No.

A. Population and Climate

A-1. 1961 Population of Nepal by Region and District . . . . 1A-2. 1961 Urban and Rural Population, Area and Number of

Families in Different Regions of Nepal . . . . . . . . . 3A-3. Projections of Population in Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . 4A-4. Monthly Rainfall at Selected Nepal IMeasuring Stations . . 5

B. Government Finances and Resources

B-1. Tentative Estimate of Gross Domestic Product byIndustrial Origin for the Year 1961/62 at MarketPrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .O . . . . . . . .6

B-2. Revenue of the Nepal Government by Source, FiscalYears 1961/62, 1962/63, 1963/64 and 1964/65 . . . 8

B-3. Foreign Aid Portions of the Development Budgets ofthe Government of Nepal, Fiscal Years 1961/62,1962/63,1963/64 and 1964/65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

B-4. Regular Expenditures of the Government of Nepal,Fiscal Years 1961/62, 1962/63, 1963/64 and 1964/65 . . 10

B-5. Development Expenditures of the Government of NepalFiscal Years 1961/62, 1962/63, 1963/64 and 1964/65 . . 11

B-6. Patterns of Development Loans as of October 29, 1964 . 12B-7. Plonetary Survey . . . . . ... . .. . . . . .. .. . 13B-8. Factors Affecting Money Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . 14B-9. Wholesale Price Relatives of Some Consumer Goods in

the Kathmandu Valley, Fiscal Years 1961/62-1963/64 . . 15B-10. Unweighted Wholesale Price Ratios of Selected Con-

sumer Goods in the Kathmandu Valley, Fiscal Years1961/62-1963/64 . . . . . . . . . 16

B-li. Summary of Recorded Imports in F.Y. 1961/62 by Major 16Divisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . a , . . . . . . . . . 17

B-12. Summary of Recorded Exports in F.Y. 1961/62 by MajorDivisions ............... .. 18

B-13. Recorded Imports into India from Nepal 1961/62 to1962/63 . . . . . . . . . . . .19

B-14. Recorded Exports from India to Nepal 1961/62 to1962/63 .......... . a...20

B-15. Recorded Imports into India from Nepal 1963/64 . . . 22B-16. r2ecorded Exports from India to Nepal 1963/64 . . . . . . 23B-17. Summary Table of Imports from Tibet (Mainland China)

in F.Y. 1960/61 24. . . . . . . 2B-18. Summary Table of Recorded Exports to Tibet (Mainland . h

China) in F.Y. 1960/61 ................. 25

i

Page No.

B-19. Receipts from Gurkha Soldiers' Pensions andSalaries, and from Tourists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

B-20. Foreign Assets of the Nepal Rastra Bank . . . . . . . . 27B-21. Foreign Exchange Assets of the Nepal Rastra Bank

Other than Indian Currency, Year Ending Mid-July1959 to Year Ending Mid-July 1964 . . . . . . . . . . . 28

B-22. Nepal's Income and Expenditure of ConvertibleForeign Exchange 1960/61-1963/64 . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

B-23. External Debt of the Government of Nepal as ofDecember 1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * .. * 30

B-24. Preliminary Distribution of Expenditures in theThird Plan . .. .. . .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . 31

B-25. Preliminary Distribution of Expenditures in ThirdPlan by Sectors . . . . . . . . . * . .... . . . 32

B-26. United States and Indian Assistance to Nepal . . . . . . 33

C. Land Utilization, Agriculture and Irrigation

C-1. Land Utilization by Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34C-2. Agricultural Land Utilization and Yields by

Regions . . . . . . . . . . .*.*. . . . .. 35C-3. Agricultural Crops and Products - Their Distribu-

tion and Utilization - by Administrative Units . . . . . 36C-4. Auction Sales of Standing Timber . . . . . . . . . . . . 56C-5. Government Allocations for Sale of Timber to

Sawmi.lls . . .. ... ...... . . . .... 57C-6. Production of Main Food Grains - Agricultural

Census 1961/62 .... . . . . . . . . . . ... . . .. . 58C-7. Quantities of Food Grain Distributed by the

Government from 1961/62 to 1963/64 . . . . . . . . . . . 59C-8. Location and Capacity df Available Government-

Owned Storage Facilities as of November 1964 . . . . . . 60C-9. Dairy Industry Production of Milk, Cheese and

Butter . . . . .... . . .... . . .... . . .... . . .. . . . . 61C-10. Sugar, Jute and Tobacco Industries as of

November 1964. . . . . . . .. . . ... . 62C-11. Total Land Holdings, Number of Agricultural

Households and Number of Households that CouldBe Supported by Available Land . . . . . . . . . 64

C-12. Annual Average Prices (1962 & 1963) of SelectedCommodities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 65

C-13. Chart of Differences in Retail Price of Rice,Wheat and M4aize in Various Localities as of May/June 1964 . . . . . .. . . ... .. . . a .. . . 66

C-14. The Portions of Existing Consumer Prices Repre-sented by Transportation and Other Cost Factors . . . . 67

Page No.

C-15. liarketing Places in Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68C-16. Irrigation Projects in Operation, under Con-

struction and in Planning Stage as of November 1964 . . 75

D. Industry and Tourism

D-1. Industries Operating or under Construction as ofMarch 1965 . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

D-2. Industrial Production of Selected Commodities1961/62 to 1963/64 .. . . .............. . 81

D-3. Tourists in Kathmandu .... . . . . . . o. . . . . . 82D-4. Hotel Facilities in Kathmandu . . . . . . 83D-5. Retail Price of Automotive Gasoline in Different

Localities within Nepal July 1964 . . . . . . . . . . 84

E. Roads and Highway Transport

E-1. Length of and Traffic on Existing Roads and Roadsunder Construction as of December 1964 . . . . . . . . 85

E-2. Inventory of Existing Roads and Roads under Con-struction as of December 1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

E-3. Analysis of the Roads Department Budget (FiscalYear: July 15, 1964 - July 15, 1965) . . . . . . . . 98

E-4. Details of the Budget of the Roads Department (NewWorks Only) July 1963-July 1964 and July 1964-July 1965 . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

E-5. Road Cess Rates and Collection . . . . .. . . . 101E-6. Annual Road Cess Collections on the Tribuwan

Rajpath 1956/57-1963/64. . . .. . . . 102E-7. Running Cost of the Road Cess Depots, July 1963-

July 1964 .k ..................... . 103E-8. Basic Construction Pric6s Obtained from Existing

Large Work Projects as of 1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . 104E-9. Cost of Road Maintenance.. . . . o . . o . . . . . 105E-10. Cost of Transporting Gasoline in Tank Trucks on

the Tribuwan Rajpath July 1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . 106E-ll. Prices of Transport ...... . . .. .. .. .. . . . 107E-12. Running Cost of a Truck in Nepal . . . . . . . . . . 108E-13. Registration of Motor Vehicles in Nepal by Loca-

tion and Type as of July 1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . 110E-14. Principal Junctions between Nepal and Indian

Transportation Systems .... . . . . . . . . . ... 11.E-15. List of Heavy Equipment in Serviceable Condition,

Belonging to the Hitaura and Kathmandu HeavyEquipment Divisions of the Roads Department, as ofMarch 31, 1965 . . - . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 113

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Page No0

E-16. Estimated Replacement Cost of Present VehiclesNow in Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11L4

F. Airports and Air Transport

F-1. Nepal Airports ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115F-2. Passengers Carried by Royal Nepal Airlines

Corporation by Route (1959-1963) . . . . . . . . . . . . 130F-3. Cargo and Mail Carried by RNAC during 12 Months

Ending July 15, 1964 .n.g.J.u.l.yl .1. ... . . . . . . 131F-4. RNAC Summer Schedules Effective July 10, 1964 . . . . . 132F-5. RNAC Winter Schedules Effective October 15, 1964 . . . . 136F-6. Inventory of Poyal Nepal Airlines Corporation

Dakota (DC-3) Equipment, 1958-1965 . . . . . . . . . . . 142F-7. Number of Passengers and Poumds of Cargo Carried,

by Months, for the Year 1963, Royal NepalAirlines Corporation .143

F-8. Royal Nepal Airlines Corporation, Total PlaneHours Flown 1 4. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 14

G. Ropeway and Railways

G-1. Nepal Ropeway Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145G-2. Nepal Ropeway - Traffic and Revenues 1962/63,

1963/64, 1964/65 ................... 146G-3. Nepal Ropeway - Revenues and Expenses 1958/59 *bo

1962/63 . . . . . . .................... 147G-4t. Nepal-Janakpur-Jaynagar Railway - Statement of

Traffic, Revenues and Expenses 1959/60 to 1963/64 . . 148G-5. Monthly Traffic and Revenue from Passengers and

Freight, Nepal-Janakpur-Jaynagar Railwyay . . . . . . . . 149G-6. Nepal Government Railway - Statement of Traffic,

Revenues and Expenses 1959/60 to 1963/64 . . .. . . . 150G-7. Monthly Traffic and Revenue from Passengers and

Freight, Nepal Government Railway . . . . . . . . . . . 15.G-8. Kosi Construction Railway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152G-9. Railway Tariff for Goods Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . 153G-10. Ropeway Tariff for Goods Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

- 1 - A-1p.]

TABLE A-1

1961 POPULATION OF NEPAL BY REGION AND DISTRICT

Name of Region or District No. of Families Population

NEPAL 1,775,645 9,387,661

Eastern Hills 340,085 1,882,925

Kabhrepalanchok 38,093 212,661Sindhupalchok 35,935 187,893Dolakha 24,729 132,044Chisankhu (Ramechhap) 244193 123,352Chisankhu (Okhaldhunga) 29,509 163,799Kajhkirat 24,921 128j338Bhojpur 47,873 252,452Chhathum 24,o45 134,951Terhathum 68,821 423,216Ilam 21,966 124,219

Eastern Inner Terai 32,266 175,909

Udaipur 16,854 89,367Sindhuli Gadhi 15,412 86,542

Eastern Terai 450,608 2,210,034

Jhapa 26,179 119j752Biratnagar 66,275 324,356Hanumannagar 56,602 300,281Siraha 41,879 210,529Mahottari 101,148 489,694Sarlahi 35,170 163,240Rautahat 45,509 218;803Bara 50O572 245,379Parwa 27,274 138,000

Kath3andu Valley 86,441 4562804

Kathmnandu 40°007 220;391Lalitpur 28,849 147j323Bhaktapur 17,585 89,090

- 2 - A-1

p.2

Western Hills 379,562 1,952,530

Nuwakot 31,698 164;748Dhading 39,164 206,323Gorkha 29,130 152,534Tapahun 24,939 127,862Lamjung 26,724 130,650Kaski 27,789 127,231Syangja (West No.4) 69,475 341,157Baglung 43;926 227,713Gulmi 55,369 302,005Palpa 31,348 172,307

Far Western Hills 303,433 1,698,319

Piuthan 39,347 212,700Salyan 73,087 415;022Jumla 29j996 184;411Dailekh 36,247 210,630Achham 31,127 151,365Doti 53,870 283,318Baitadi 24,267 158,612Dandeldhura 15,492 82,261

Central Inner Terai 39,827 240,824

Chisapani 26,781 155,079Chitaun 11,297 67,963Nabalpur 1,749 17,782

Western Inner Terai 13,733 98,765

Dang 7,951 56,019Deukhuri 5,782 42,746

Western Terai 85,822 400,017

Palhi 20,076 96,157Majhkhand 32,183 141j227Khajahahi 25,853 125,136Sheoraj 7,710 37,497

Far Western Terai 43,868 271,534

Banke 20,119 95,o96Bardiya 9,981 67,834Kailali 11,487 89,735Kanchanpur 2,281 18,869

TABLE A-2

1961 URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION, AREAAND NUMBER OF FAMILIES IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF NEPAL

No. of Urban Rural Total No. of Average Total Population

Name of Region Towns Population Population Population Families Family Area Density(Persons) (sq. miles) (per sq. mile)

Nepal 6 264.028 9,123.633 9.387.661 1.775.645 S.3 54.362 173

Eastern Hills - 1,882,925 1,882,025 340,085 5.5 10,114 186

Eastern Inner Terai 175,909 175,909 32,266 5.4 1,829 94

Eastern Terai 2 44,052 2,165,982 2,210,034 450,608 4.9 5,115 432

Kathmandu Valley 3 204,159 252,645 456,804 86,441 5.3 218 2,096

Western Hills - - 1,952,530 1,952,530 379,562 5.1 11,076 176

Far Western Hills - _ 1,698,319 1,698,319 303,433 5.5 18,879 89

Central Inner Terai - _ 240,824 240,824 39,827 6.o 2,267 107

Western Inner Terai - - 98,765 98,765 13,733 7.2 714 138

Western Terai - - 400,017 400,017 85,822 4.7 1,307 306

Far Western Terai 1 15,817 255,717 271,534 43,868 6.2 2,843 96

TABLE A-3

PROJECTIONS OF POPULATION IN NEPAL

(Prepared by Agriculture Economic Section, Department of Agriculture)

Item 1961 1965 1970 1975

I. Population

a) Total Population 9,388,000 9,998,000 10,973,000 12,235,000b) Male 4,619,000 4,949,000 5,476,000 6,154,000c) Female 4,769,ooo 5,049,000 5,497,000 6,081,000d) Density of population per sq. mile 173 184 201 225e) Birth rate per thousand 45 45 43 42f) Death rate per thousand 29 29 24 20g) Rate of growth per thousand 16 16 19 22

II. Proportions of Population by Broad Age Group

0 - 4 years 1,249,000 1,350,000 1,503,000 1,700,0005 - 14 years 2,366,000 2,499,000 2,732,000 3,035,000

15 - 19 years 892,000 950,000 1,053,000 1,162,00020 - 34 years 2,309,000 2,450,000 2,668,ooo 2,985,00035 - 59 years 2,028,000 2,170,000 2,392,000 2,680,00060 - 70 years 404,000 440,ooo 472,000 513,00071 and above 140,000 149,000 153,000 160,000

III. Children of School and College Age (5 to 19) 3,298,000 3,449,000 3,785,000 4,197,000

Active Population 4,337,000 4,620,000 5,o60,000 5,665,000Others 1,793,000 1,929,000 2,118,000 2,433,000

Note: An intermediary assumption between the low and high mortality rates assumed by the Department of Census and Statistics has been used.According to the Department's figures, on the low mortality assumption population should be 12.8 million in 1975, and on the highmortality assumption 12.0 million.

TABLE A-4

MONTHLY RAINFALL AT SELECTED NEPAL MEASURING STATIONS

Alti- Precipitation in inches per monthLocation tude Total

Feet Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Biratnagar (a) 300 o.68 0.35 0.30 1.27 6.48 13.56 20.55 13.04 8.94 2.63 0.51 0.00 68.31(Eastern Terai)

Dhulikhel (a) 4,500 0.66 0.79 1.45 2.04 4.35 8.79 17.89 16.96 7.90 1.94 0.51 0.05 63.33(Eastern Hills)

Kathmandu (a) 4,370 0.59 0.50 1.10 1.75 3.93 8.77 15.99 14.71 5.86 1.29 0.32 0.11 54.92(Capital)

Namche Bazard (a) 11,000 2.20 0.53 0.91 0.49 1.68 6.41 8.16 7.42 5.51 2.40 0.94 2.36 39.01(Eastern Hills)

Okhaldunga (a) 7,000 0.84 o.71 1.26 2.55 5.77 12.19 15.98 17.50 8.29 3.32 o.84 0.10 69.35(Eastern Hills)

Ramechap (a) 4,900 0.68 0.47 0.71 1.04 1.80 4.87 9.93 9.29 2.51 0.97 0.70 0.04 33.01(Eastern Hills)

Butwal (b) 600 2.20 0.05 0.21 0.63 0.28 8.22 39.45 34.03 10.12 5.30 - 0.05 100.59(Western Terai)

Chisipani (c) 630 0.1112 0.541/ 1.69 0.46 2.46 10.10 35.88 20.52 14.94 1.14 0.481/ 0.401/ 88.72(Karnali Issue)

Benigat (c) 1,070 0.5211 0.541/ O.40 1.10 3.74 6.80 18.58 16.70 8.96 1.20 0.36.1/ 0.881/ 59.78(Jct. Seti andKarnali Rivers)

Pusma (c) 3,150 0.321/ 0.481/ 2.38 0.82 3.62 11.68 20.40 10.88 10.20 1.72 0.721/ 1.641/ 64.86(Central Karnali)

Asaraghat (c) 2,100 0.601/ 0.401/ 1.04 1.28 1.86 7.50 12.86 13.46 7.16 0.86 1.401/ 1.521/ 49.94(Upper Karnali)

Source: (a) Mean of 10 years from FAO Pasture and Fodder Development Report, 1959.(b) Two-year average 1957 and 1959, from Survey Report of Sugar Industry in Bhutwal Industry, by Industrial Development Corp., Kathmandu, 1959.(c) Based on data March 1963 - October 1964 from Karnali Project measuring stations.

/ From one year's observation only.

- 6 - B-1

F-T

TABLE B-1

TENTATIVE ESTIMATE OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT BY INDUSTRIAL ORIGIN

FOR THE YEAR 1961/62

AT MARKET PRICES

1. AGRICULTURE: lRs 2,228,570,597

a. Paddy NRs 920,130,613b, Maize 263, 474,768c. Other food grains 204,757,689d. Pulses 40,00o0000e. Potato 17,661j499f. Other vegetables 62,145.,630g. Straws 77,404,478h. Oil-Seeds 112,188,697i. Jute 45,397,000J. Tobacco 17j131,205k. Sugarcane 15,357,3301. Spices 19,300,000m. Fruits 40,000,000n. Miscellaneous Commercial

Crops 12,468,712

LIVESTOCK

a. Meat 87,538,781b. Milk and milk products 241,413,600c. Wool 2v882 J754d. Hides and Skins 25,743,263e. Eggs 17,143,293f. Other livestock

products 6,432,185

2. FORESTRY AND HERBAL PRODUCTS 108,910,200

3. MINING AND QUARRYING 16,612 ,843

4. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES:

Factory Scale 31,787,204Cottage Scale 414,540,497

5. CONSTRUCTION 140,740,370

B-1p.2

6. ELECTRICITY AND DRINKING WATER NRs 590,035

7. TRANSPORT AND CO1WMUNICATIONS 36,593,849

8. WHCLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 213,559,324

9. FINANCIAL 1ISTITUTIONS 22,245 547

10. OJNERSHIP OF DWELLINGS 338,093j480

11. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENSE 77,559,000

12. SERVICES 49 975,188

TOTAL PRODUCT: NRs 3,679,778X134

Source: Ministry of Economics Planning "The Economic Appraisal Report"No. 2, Vol. II.

8 B-2

TABLE B-2

REVENUE OF THE NEPAL GOVERNMENT BY SOURCE

FISCAL YEARS 1961/62, 1962/63, 1963/64 and 1964/65

(In millions of NRs)

1961/62 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65Actual Actual Original Actual Estimate

Estimate

Customs 2 32,2 37.4 43.5 49.3 56.1

Excise 6.9 9.2 10.2 1000 13.3

Land Revenue 28.2 52.9 54.5 53.0 45.0

Forest 8.7 9.8 13.0 13.4 12,0

Railways and OtherTransport 3.8 3.6 4.6 4.8 5.8

Post Office and OtherCommunications 1.3 1.6 2.3 2.4 3.4

Others 9.8 15.2 15.8 25.1 43.22/

Total 90.9 129.7 143.9 158.0 178.9

Sources: Finance Minister's Budget Speeches 1963/64 and 1964/65Research Division, Ministry of Finance

21 Including refund by India of Indian central excises levied onIndian commodities exported to Nepal.

j/ Including revenues from tax measures, registration, irrigationand water supply, etc.

3/ Includes revenue from new tax measures originally estimated toamount to NRs 10 million in 1961/62, IMs 30.6 million in 1962/63,and NRs 7 million in 1963/64.

TABLE B-3

FOREIGN AID PORTIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT BUDGETS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF NEPALFISCAL YEARS 1961/62, 1962/63, 1963/64 AND 1964/65

(in millions of NRs)

1961/62 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65Original Revised Original Revised Original Revised

Estimates Estimates Estimates Estimates Estimates Estimates Estimate

GrantsU.S.A. 65.6 ... 79.3 ... 84.6 ... 94.4India 38.3 ... 25.1 ... 20.9 ... 19.3U.S.S.R. 16.1 ... 14.1 ... 7.2 ... 1.2Mainland China 3.0 ... 2.7 ... 10.0 ... 12.7U.K. 1.0 ... 5.1 ... 0.2 ... 0.6New Zealand 1.0 ... 0.9 -- 0.5 ...Federal Republic of Germany 0.5 ... _- -- --

Ford Foundation 1.0 ... 1.0 ... 1.4 ...U.N. i.6 ... -- ----..I.L.O. -- -- 0.1 ... 0.1W.H.O. 0.7 ... -- -- -- -- \0

Total 128.8 68.8 128.8 55.4 125.0 132.3 128.3

LoansU.S.S.R. -- -- -- -- 11.5U.K. -- -- -- -- 1.9 ... 33.02/

Total -- -- -- 13.4 13.4 33.0

Grand Total 128.8 68.8 128.32J 55.4 138.4 145.7 161.3

Sources: Finance Minister's Budget Speeches 1961/62, 1962/63, 1963/64, 1964/65 and other data obtained from the Nepalese Government.

1/ The total foreign grants estimated for that year (including those not passing through the budget) were a little larger than thisfigure (see Volume I., Chapter 1, page 14.

2/ Including cash balance of the FY 1963/64, 12.5, foreign loan 15.5 and internal loans 5.0.

TABLE B-4

REGULAR EXPENDITURES OF THE GOVERNMENT OF NEPALFISCAL YEARS 1961/62, 1962/63, 1963/64 AND 1964/65


1961/62 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65Original Revised

Actual Actual Estimates Estimatesi/ Estimate

Economic Services 15.0 30.9 21.3 22.1 25.2

1. Agriculture and forestry 3.6 10.8 4.2 4.8 4.82. Industry and commerce 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.93. Transport 1.5 4.8 4.8 4.2 4.24. Communications 2.9 4.3 4.2 5.2 5.25. Electric power 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.26. Public works 3.7 10.0 6.6 5.9 5.07. Other -- -- 0.9 3.9 3.9

Social Services 7.4 11.6 13.1 15.5 16.5

1. Education 4.2 6.4 7.0 8.2 8.22. Public health 2.2 1.9 2.7 3.9 3.93. Otherg/ 2.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4

Defense 17.5 24.7 27.5 27.8 27.8

Internal Security 12.3 12.3 13.1 13.1 10.8a/

General Administration. etc. 50.0 44.9 39.5 41.6 43.6_±/

Total 103.5 124.4 114.5 123.1 122.9

Sources: Nepalese Finance Minister's Budget Speeches 1961/62, 1964/65. Other data obtained in the 1963 Article XIV Consultations,and Research Division, Ministry of Finance.

1/ As shown in the Supplementary Budget (February 1964).2/ Including outlays on National Guidance, Panchayat development, etc.3/ Including constitutional organization and judicial administration.4/ Including general administration, revenue and tax administration, economic administration, foreign service and miscellaneous

expenditures.

TABLE B-5

DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES OF THE GOVERNMENr OF NEPALFISCAL YEARS 1961/62, 1962/63, 1963/64 AND 1964/65


1961/62 1962/63 1963/64 196416rOriginal Original Original RevisedEstimate Actual Estimate Actual Estimate Estimatel/ Estimate

Economic Services 133.7 70.3 114.0 42.7 133.2 146.6 139.9

1. Agriculture and forestry 14.8 12.4 15.7 8.7 18.4 19.4 21.42. Industry and commerce 18.8 9.8 20.3 10.9 37.4 39.8 27.83. Transport 13.0 9.9 13.1 2.9 17.5 18.3 7.44. Communications 1.4 1.4 1.7 0.3 1.7 1.7 5.85. Electric power 24.3 9.3 24.0 7.0 18.9 26.3 20.26. Public works 60.6 27.3 35.0 12.7 37.9 39.7 49.97. Other 0.8 0.2 4.2 0.2 1.4 1.4 7.4

Social Services 47.6 33.6 35.4 24.6 40.8 42.0 63.6

1. Education 12.6 11.2 16.3 10.1 17.7 18.6 28.22. Public health 11.7 10.0 10.9 8.2 13.8 14.0 15.53. Panchayat development 21.9 11.0 7.2 5.5 7.9 7.9 17.64. Other 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.8 1.4 1.5 2.3

Economic Administration and Planning 5.2 5.1 4.8 3.6 4.0 4.0 4.5

Miscellaneous 2.5 1.0 2.8 5.4 2.9 7.9 9.0

Total 189.0 110.0 157.0 76.3 180.9 200.5 217.0

Sources: Finance Minister's Budget Speeches 1962/63, 1963/64, and 1964/65.

1/ As shown in the Supplementary Budget (February 1964).

- 12 - B-6

TABLE B-6

PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT LOANS

As of October 29, 1964

NRs

1. Non-banking Financial Instituticns 5°000/-

2. Public Corporation (Royal Nepal Airlines Corporation) 250,000/-

3. Industrial and Commercial Firms 125000/-

4. Non-business Institutions 1,795,600/-

5, Provident Fund 2,550,000/-

6. Private Individuals 5,314,400/-

7. Commercial and Cooperative Banks 3,010,000/-

8. Nepal Rastra Bank (The Central Bank) 50,000/-

Total: 13,100,000/-

Source: Nepal Rastra Bank

- Ilj,~ - i3-7

TABLE B-7

MONETARY SURVEY


Mid-July Mid-July Mid-July Mid-July Mid-July Mid-Oct., Mid-Jan., Mid-April Mid-July1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1964

1. Foreign Assets 117.7 197:3 230.4 259.S 292.5 326.1 336.9 365.2 367.2

a. Gold 21.1 14.0 14.0 14.0 23.2 23.2 23.2 23.2 23.2

b. Silver 23.5 23.5 23.5 23.5 23.5 23.5 23.5 23.5 23.5

c. Non-Indian Foreign Exchange 18.5 42.5 53.3 79.5 102.7 108.1 123.3 128.8 136.3

d. Indian Currency Assets 74.6 117.3 139.6 142.5 143.1 171.3 166.9 189.7 204.2

i. Cash / 17.5 22.6 27.4 30.0 30.5 35.4 27.1 28.7 14.9

ii. Other 57.1 94.7 112.2 112.5 112.6 135.9 139.8 161.0 185.9

2. Advances to Government - - - 13.8 15.5 17.0 17.6 22.6 3.0

3. Coins Issued 60.8 62.4 63.1 63.5 64.3 64.6 65.3 66.2 66.5

4. Advances to Private Sector 34.3 32.0 45.8 58.0 61.5 48.9 58.4 95.3 91.9

5. Unclassified Assets 2.9 5.3 11.6 20.9 1S.S 25.6 19.7 20.5 10.7

6. Assets = Liabilities 235.7 297.0 350.9 415.7 449.3 482.2 497.9 569.8 559.3

7. Money (Nepalese Currency) 87.7 139.6 175.4 206.6 215.2 279.7 304.9 343.1 1S.2.

a. Currency a/ 81.2 109.5 142.1 156.2 162.3 180.1 204.7 241.8 237.5

b. Deposits 6.5 30.1 33.3 50.4 52.9 99.4 100.2 2! 101.3 117.7

8. Government Deposits 67.0 61.5 70.7 86.5 94.0 92.2 91.2 114.0 97.3

9. NC Cash Balances in Government RevenueOffices 13.5 5.6 4.4 3.3 7.1 8.6 7.0 8.4 7.9

10. Quasi-Money 45.1 57.4 63.4 66.2 85.1 42.5 43.4 45.7 44.?

11. a. Indian Currency Demand Deposits 2/ 28.0 35.2 33.4 31.8 45.9 1.8 2.0 5.4 4.6

b. Fixed and Saving Deposits 17.1 22.2 30.0 34.4 39.2 40.7 41.4 40.3 39.6

12. IBRD Subscriptions - - - 6.8 IQ/ - - - - -

13. Capital and Reserves 17.1 18.3 21.7 24.3 27.0 26.9 26.5 26.9 29.2

14. Unclassified Liabilities i/ 5.3 14.6 15.3 22.0 20.9 32.5 24.9 31.7 25.5

a/ Includes demonitized British-India Silver coins of NRs 0.6 million annually except NRa 0.3 million in 1959.J Represents consolidated figures on coins and currency notes held by the public; separate data are not available.

2/ Composed of Indian currency demand deposits of the Nepal Bank Limited and the Rastra Bank.J Included also margin account of the Nepal Bank Limited.

5/ Gold and foreign exchange holdings were revalued in May 1960. Gold was revalued from NRs 150 per tola to NRs 100. Indian currency holdingswere revalued in the Issue Department of the Rastra Bank from NRs 100 per IRs 100 to NRs 160 per IRs 100 and in the Banking Departmentfrom NRa 150 per IRs 100 to NRa 160 per IRs 100, and foreign exchange holdings other than Indian rupees were similarlyrevalued.

C/ Consisting of NRs 7.0 million in Treasury Bills and NRs 6.8 million in a non-interest-bearing bond sold to the Rastra Bank to open the Gov-erinent's IBRD account, which was bought back in October 1962.

2/ Treasury Bills. -B/ Including NRs 5.5 million Treasury Bills purchased by the Nepal Bank imited.

2/ The abrupt increase in the NC deposit money is mainly due to the enforcementof Foreign Exchange Control Act, 1962 on August 17, 1963. The Actrequired the banks to deposit their foreign exchange (including Indian Currency) accounts into Nepalese Currency accounts.

0/ This amount included in unclassified liabilities (banks and others).

Source: Research and Statistics Department, Rastra Bank, based on Financial Statements of the Nepal Rastra Bank, the Nepal Bank Limited andTreasury Currency Accounts.

TABLE B-8

FACTORS AFFECTING MONEY SUPPLY /


Mid-July Mid-July Mid-July Mid-July Mid-July '63 Mid-Jan. '64 Mid-Feb. '64 Mid-March '64Changes in: 1959/60 1960/61 1961/62 1962/63 Mid-Jan. '64 Mid-Feb. '64 Mid-Mar. '64 Mid-April '64

1. Foreign Assets 59.6 33.1 29.1 33.0 44.4 11.9 - 2.5 18.9

2. Claims on Government / 15.0 - 7.3 - 0.7 - 8.8 6.0 - 3.4 - 6.4 - 8.5

3. Claims on Private Sector - 2.3 13.8 12.2 3.5 - 3.1 17.3 6.1 13.5

4. Quasi - money: (Increase -) -12.3 - 6.o - 2.8 -18.9 +41.7 - 0.1 + 0.1 - 2.3

a. IC Demand Deposits - 7.2 1.8 1.6 -14.1 43.9 - 0.3 0.5 - 3.6

b. Fixed and Savings Deposits - 5.1 -7.8 - 4.4 - 4.8 - 2.2 0.2 - 0.4 + 1.3

5. Capital and Unclassified NetLiabilities (Increase -) - 8.1 2.2 - 6.8 - 0.2 0.7 - 6.2 + 3.3 - 3.5

Total: Change in Money Supply 51.9 35.8 31.2 8.6 89.7 19.5 0.6 18.1

/ Excluding demand deposits in Indian Currency.

/ Claims minus Government deposits (including issue of coins minus NC cash held at the Government revenue offices).

Sources: Financial Statements of the Nepal Rastra Bank and the Nepal Bank Limited, and Treasury Currency Accounts.

TABLE B-9

WHOLESALE PRICE RELATIVES OF SOME CONSUMER GOODS IN THE KATHMANDU VALLEYFISCAL YEARS 1961/62-1963/64 I/(Fiscal Year 1960/61 - 100)

1963/64 by quarter

1963/64

1961/62 1962/63 1963/64 Mid-July Mid-Oct. Mid-Jan. Mid-April to_______ _______ _______ Mid-Oct. Mid-Jan. Mid-Apr. Mid-July

Domestic Goods

1. All selected domestic goods 103 110 126 116 119 129 140

2. Food grains 104 113 139 119 131 148 159

Imported Goods

1. All selected imported goods 99 100 113 108 110 115 117

2. Food grains 106 114 133 117 130 136 149

j/ These are unweighted price relatives of consumer goods sold at the wholesale level in the Kathmandu Valley.

Source: Nepal Rastra Bank.

TABLE B-10

UNWEIGHTED WHOLESALE PRICE RATIOS OF SELECTED CONSUMER GOODS IN THE KATHMANDU VALLEYFISCAL YEARS 1961/62 _ 1963/64(Fiscal Year 1960/61 - 100)

Each Fiscal Year extends from mid-July/mid-August (Shrawan)of one year to mid-June/mid-July (Ashad) of the next.

1962/63 by quarter 1963/64 by quarter 1964/65 by month1961/62 1962/63 Mid-July Mid-Oct. Mid-Jan. Mid-Apr. Mid-July Mid-Oct. Mid-Jan. Mid-Apr. Mid-July Mid-Aug.1961/62 1962/63 Mid-Oct. Mid-Jan. Mid-Apr. Mid-July Mid-Oct. Mid-Jan. Mid-Apr. Mid-July Mid-Aug. Mid-Sept.

Domestic Goods 103.1 110.2 109.7 107.0 107.5 116.5 115.6 119.4 128.9 139.9 146.8 147.6

1. Edible Oil and Ghee 102.6 107.7 109.2 105.7 107.2 108.7 112.2 107.5 109.6 120.8 127.2 133.72. Food Grains 103.5 112.7 110.3 108.4 107.8 124.4 118.9 131.2 148.1 159.0 166.5 161.6

a. Rice and Maize 109.4 122.5 115.8 117.6 118.3 138.2 135.1 142.2 154.8 164.2 171.4 173.6b. Soya Bean and DriedPeas 97.5 102.9 104.7 99.1 97.3 110.6 102.7 120.2 141.5 153.7 161.7 149.6

Imported Goods 99.0 99.6 99.2 99.4 97.6 102.3 107.9 109.9 115.2 117.0 113.9 121.7

1. Food Grains 106.4 114.2 115.2 117.4 109.2 114.9 116.9 130.3 136.2 148.9 147.7 189.32. Sugar 95.0 91.5 89.5 85.9 85.9 104.5 108.0 108.2 114.2 113.9 112.8 112.83. Salt 93.9 97.4 96.3 97.8 97.8 97.8 92.6 91.9 102.2 102.2 88.9 97.84. Pepper and Cumin Seed 104.0 115.8 124.2 118.8 107.3 112.8 116.6 119.3 128.6 127.3 116.8 123.95. Petrol 100.0 103.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 114.0 115.0 115.06. Kerosene 96.7 98.4 95.4 98.0 100.2 100.1 114.6 110.1 116.7 116.7 116.7 116.77. Newsprint 99.8 79.5 76.9 81.1 80.6 79.5 - - - - - -8. Cotton Cloth 97.8 96.5 97.6 96.7 96.1 95.7 95.8 99.6 99.5 100.7 99.2 104.09. Cotton Yarn 98.1 99.6 97.1 99.0 101.1 101.1 104.9 106.2 110.0 112.3 113.6 114.1

Source: Nepal Rastra Bank

- 17 - B-1l

TABLE B-ll

SUMMARY OF RECORDED IMPORTS

IN F.Y. 1961/62 BY MAJOR DIVISIONS

Name of the Major Divisions Value (in NRs)

Food (Including live animals for food) 63,767,525

Beverages and Tobacco 399275000

Crude Materials (inedibles excepted) 25,918,800

Mineral fuels, lubricants andrelated materials. 36,560,931

Animal and Vegetable Oilsand Fats 11,092,276

Chemicals and Drugs 23,728,807

Manufactured Goods ClassifiedChiefly by Materials 192,694,812

Machinery and Transport Equipments 24,779,832

Miscellaneous Manufactured Commodities 23,166,082

Miscellaneous Transactions and Coin-modities not specified elsewhere(including live animals not for 3,429,434food)__ _ _ _ _

ALL IMPORTS 444,413,500m=~=~= ===

Imports of Petrol .... 1,590,929 Gallons

Source: M4inistry of Economic PlanningCENTRAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS (Trade and Industry Section)

- 18 - B-12

TABLE B-12

SUMMARY OF RECORDED EXPORTS

IN F.Y. 1961/62 BY MAJOR DIVISIONS

Name of the Major Divisions Value (in NRs)

Food (including live animals for food) 174,136,149

Beverages and Tobacco 2,139,706

Crude Materials, Inedibles (except fuels) 50,580 892

Mineral Fuels, Lubricants and RelatedMaterials 15s536

Animal and Vegetable Oils and Fats 1,663,698

Chemicalsand Drugs 120,993

Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly 34,408,414by Materials

Machinery and Transport Equipment 127,480

Miscellaneous Manufactured Commodities 15496,285

Miscellaneous Transactions andCommodities not specified elsewhere 533,O73

ALL EXPORTS 265,221,526a=====ma

Source: Ministry of Economic PlanningCENTRAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS (Trade and Industry Section)

- 19 - B-13

TABLE B-13

RECORDED IMPORTS INTO rNDIA FROIN 7PEPAL 1961/62 to 1962/63

(in quintals)*

TwJelve Ilonths, AprilArticles to March

1961.62 1962-63

Potatoes 4l,077 3,096

Grain and Pulse -

WAheat 3,641 1,921Gram and gram products 11,670 3,227Pulses other than gram and gram products 11,511 31,298Rice, husked 184,256 106,835Rice, unhusked 25,140 9,398Others 40,818 41,852

Hides and skins -

Hlides of cattle 7,394 6,241Skins of sheep and goats 570 349

Ghee 13,4ol 11, 439

Indigenous drugs and herbs 6.o046 10,511

Borax - -

Oilcakes 22,703 25,386

Linseed 52,968 30,415

Mustard and Rapeseeds 48,156 57, 740

Jute, raw 23,229 18,203

WJool, raw 1,826 436

Jute Manufactures 103,154 11,152

Tobacco 415 647

Wood and Timber 237,367 92,865

* 10 quintals = 1,000 kilograms 1 metric ton.Footnote: See Table B-14

- 20 - B-14p 01

TABLE B-14

RECORDED EXPORTS FROM INDIA TO NEPAL 1961/62 to 1962/63

(in quintals)*Twelve Months, April

Articles to March1961-62 1962=-3

Boots and shoes 1,081 563

Cement 115,318 138,925

Lime 4, 942 820

Dyes and dyeing materials 58 309

Grains and Pulse -

Wheat 1,782 1,914Rice, husked 192,257 17,130Others 38,,:38 8,545

Iron and Steel -

Unwrought 637 1,643Iron and steel sections 15,395 6,910Machinery and millwork 1,999 37,543Others, including hardware and cutlery 4,087 1,207

Brass and Copper 1,935 1,210

Oils, Mineral -

Kerosene Oil 72,970 37,671Other Kinds (Petrol, Diesel Oil, etc.) 28,201 3,064

Paper and Stationery 5,024 676

Salt 177,117 158,341

Betelnuts 537 137

Sugar -

Refined 4,032 11,625Unrefined 3,221 6,606

- 21- B-1p. 2

(in guintals)*Twelve Months, April

Articles to March1961-62 1962_63

Tea -

Black 40 147Green 31 7Brick 181 -

Cotton Twist and Yarn 1,296 2,171

Cotton Piecegoods, Foreign 2,725 434

Cotton Piecegoods, Indian 22,431 23,434

Tobacco -

Unmanufactured 2,277 3,452Manufactured 4.,267 3,907

* 10 quintals - 1,000 kilograms - 1 meter ton

Footnote: In the absence of a complete record of Indials overland tradewith Nepal, only an approximate idea of the volume of this trade can be,obtained from the data presented above. The statistics presented arebased on Indian railway invoices,relate to arrivals at and dispatchesfrom selected border railway stations, and comprise only some selectedarticles. Only quantity figures are given, values are not available.Moreover, information regarding the countries of consignment or finaldestination is not available in the invoices and has to be speciallycollected by the Station Masters from the consignee or consignor as thecase may be. Consequently the figures stated may include traffic to orfrom countries beyond India.

The figures are incomplete because of non-receipt of the returnsfrom certain railway stations. With a view to improving the coverageand accuracy of these statistics, arrangements have been made with theCustoms border check posts for recording the data from April 1963.See Tables B-15 and B-16.

Source: Reserve Bank of India

TABLE B-15

RECORDED IMPORTS INTO INDIA FROM NEPAL 1963/64

(values in lakhs of Indian rupees)

April-September April-September April MarchCommody Unit of Quantity 1964 1963 1963 to 1964

Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value

Bankas/Sevai grass L.Kg.! J _ 14 2.2 34 12.3Empty drums L.Kg. - - 1 1.1 2 2.0Potatoes L.Kg. 3 1.5 4 2.0 5 2.6Ghee L.Kg. 3 16.7 3 13.2 10 47.2Maize 000 T3. 0.2 1.3 - 0.4 1 5.6Paddy 000 T. 3 7.9 2 5.6 14 42.7Pulses 000 T. - - 1 3.5 4 20.8Rice 000 T. 7 50.8 2D1 101.8 28 150.7Hides 000 Kg. 38 1.1 63 1.5 123 3.4Oil cakes 000 T. 2 6.7 13 3.8 5 10.1Mustard seeds 000 T. 2 19.6 1 5.3 3 32.9Gunny bags 000 T. 2 12.6 1 13.9 5 25.8Jute (raw) 000 T. 2 10.0 3 14.3 4 20.4Tobacco (unmanufactured) L.Kg. 2 2.4 4 3.7 4 4.1Wood and timber 000 Cum.J 79 61.0 - 85.7 90 121.9Hessian cloth 000 T. 1 21.2 1 8.8 1 15.7

Total of above items 212.8 266.8 518.2

Grand Total Q34. 272.6 541.S

l] L.Kg. = Lakh KilogramJ] T. = Tonne (metric tons)J1 IncompleteJI Cum = Cubic metres


TABLE B-16

RECORDED EXPORTS FROM INDIA TO NEPAL 1963/64

(values in lakhs of Indian rupees)

April-September April-September April MarchCommodity Unit of Quantity 1964 1963 1963 to 1964

_____________________________ Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value

Agarbatties - 0.5 - 0,3 - 1.5Betelnuts OOOKg. 57 3.4 164 11.9 238 16.4Bidi leaves OOOKg. 292 3.4 270 1.8 428 3.7Cement 000 T. 10 7.0 4 3.3 12 9.2Coal 000 T. 7 3.8 5 3.0 22 10.8Vegetables - 20.9 - 1.0 - 4.1Glass and glassware - 1.8 - 1.2 - 3.3Pulses 000 T. - - 2 9.4 3 14.9Wheat 000 T. - 0.6 - 0.7 1 1.6Dry batteries j - 3.6 ~ 5.2 - 12.5Iron and steel T -' 542 6.1 149-' 2.3 1616 12.1Light distillater L.L.Qj 51 39.9 - - 74 58.0Kerosenes L.L.%I 94 31.1 63 23.4 145 56.7Coconut oil OOOKg. 64 2.3 - - 99 2.3Mustard oil OOOKg. 97 3.0 227 6.o 533 11.3Paper and paper board OOOKg. 179 4.0 150 3.2 302 6.4Salt 000 T. 22 6.8 18 11.2 33 33.7Washing soaps OOOKg. 663 12.5 328 3.9 1074 12.2Spices OOOKg. 270 8.7 274 16.8 358 19.6Sugar 000 T. 4 35.4 1 7.8 5 38.9Tea OOOKg. 123 10.2 105 8.1 269 21.7Cotton piece goods L.Metre_tI 214 229.0 194 200.0 465 468.6Tobacco (unmanufactured) OOOKg. 451 38.2 408 33.6 960 73.9Tobacco (manufactured) OOOKg. 330 7.0 207 3.6 493 8.1

Total of above items 486.7 357.7 901.5

Grand Total 635.3 48S.6 1166.8

IJ T = TonnesJ] IncompleteJJ L.L. = Lakh litreg] L.Metre = Lakh metre


- 2 - B-17

TABLE B-17

SUNT4ARY TABLE OF IMPORTS FROM TIBET (MAINLAND CHINA)IN F.Y. 1960/61

Name of Major Codes Value in NRs

Food (including live animals for food) 2,387,896

Beverages and tobacco 200

Crude materials, inedible, except fuels 424,196

Mineral fuels, lubricant and related materials 150

Animal and vegetable oils and fats 500

Chemicals and drugs -

Manufactured goods classified chiefly by materials 242,023

Machinery and transport equipment -

Miscellaneous manufactured articles 18,250

Miscellaneous transactions and commodities (includinglive animals not for food) not specified elsewhere 687,360

TOTAL 3.760 575

Source: Government of Nepal, Central Bureau of Statistics.

- 25 - B-18

TABLE B-18

SUMMARY TABLE OF RECORDED EXPORTS TO TIBET (NAn'ILAND CHINA) IN F.Y. 1960/61

Name of Major Codes Value in NRs

Food (including live animals for food) 301,347

Beverages and tobacco 8,015

Crude materials, inedibles, except fuels 41,637

Mineral fuels, lubricants 71,850

Animal and vegetable oils and fats 27,182

Chemicals and drugs 6,286

Manufactured goods classified chiefly by materials 17,755

Machinery and transport equipment 14,976

Miscellaneous manufactured articles 16,244

Miscellaneous transactions and commodities (includinglive animals not for food) not specified elsewhere 359,720

TOTAL k65,012

Source: Government of Nepal, Central Bureau of Statistics.

TABLE B-19

RECEIPTS FROM GURKHA SOLDIERS' PENSIONS AND SALARIES, AND FROM TOURISTS 1/


Year Ending

Receipts Convertible Mid-July Mid-July Mid-July Mid-JulyReceipts Currencies 1960/61 1961/62 1962/63 1963/64

1. Gurkha soldierspensions and salaries Pound sterling 12.9 18.5 24.0 23.5

2. Tourists Pound sterling 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3

U.S. dollar 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.1

Total from tourists 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.4

GRAND TOTAL 13.6 19.1 24.9 24.9

2j Data concerning receipts in Indian currency are notavailable.


- 27 - B-20

TABLE B-20

FOREIGN IASSETS OF THE NEPAL RASTRA BANK

(in mil.lions of NRs)

Mid-May Mid-June Mid-July1964 1964 1964

a. Gold 23.2 23.2 23.2

b. Silver 23.5 23.5 23.5

c. Non-Indian foreign exchange 132.5 137.2 136.3

d. Indian currency assets 176.5 192.2 204.2

i. Cash 1/ 18.1 25.9 14.9

ii. Other 158.4 166.3 189.3

2J Includes demonetized British - Indian silver coins of NRs 0.6million.

TABLE B-21

FOREIGN EXCHANGE ASSETS OF THE NEPAL RASTRA BANK OTHER THAN INDIAN CURRENCYJYEAR ENDING MID-JULY 1959 TO YEAR ENDING HID-JULY 1964

(in millions of Nepal rupees)

Mid-July Mid-July Mid-July Mid-July Mid-July Mid-Jan. Mid-Feb. Mid-Mar. Mid-Apr. Mid-May Mid-June Mid-July1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1964 1964 1964 1964 1964 1964

1. US Dollar 9.3 30.4 6.1 6.6 18.6 17.1 17.1 16.9 17.2 16.7 16.4 16.6

2. Pound Sterling 9.1 11.3 43.6 52.4 62.2 74.8 74.6 72.8 80.6 85.1 90.0 89.2

3. Swiss Franc - - 0.4 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2'.5 2.4 2.4 2.4

4. West German Mark - - - - - 10.7 10.7 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.4

5. Japanese Yen - - 2.1 15.3 16.2 16.7 16.9 17.1 17.1 17.2 17.2 17.2

6. Burmese Kyats - - o.6 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4

TOTAL 18.4 41.7 52.8 77.3 99.9 122.1 121.1 120.5 128.6 132.5 137.1 136.2

/ Also excludes Hong Kong Dollars, Pakistan Rupees, Canadian Dollars and Chinese Coins, the totalsof which are nominal.


TABLE B-22

NEPAL'S INCO1ME AND EXPENDITURE OF CONVERTIBLE FOREIGN EXCHANGE 1960/61-1963/64(In millions of NRs)

1960/61 1961/62 1962/63 1963/64(actual) (actual) (actual) (actual)

INCOME

1. Invisiblei/ 16.3 23.6 29.3 31.1

2. Visible exports 5.0 6.9 2.4 3.9

3. Foreign aid 1.2 14.4 6.7 7.5

4. Miscellaneous 2.0 3.0 13.1 12.6

Total: 24.5 47.6 51.5 55.1

EXPENDITURE

1. Diplomatic missions 4.1 7.4 5.2 5.2

2. Development (imports of capital goods) 9.2 10.3 13.0 13.?

3. Reserve fund - - - 0.4

4. Invisible imports 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.7

5. Consumer goods - 0.1 0.1 -

6. Miscellaneous2/ 19.0 3.3 9.7 6.o

Total: 32.4 21.4 28.4 25.5

Surplus (+) or Deficit (-) +9.4 +26.2 +23.1 +29.6

Includes receipts from pensions and salaries of Gurkha Soldiers,interest on investments abroad, expenditures of tourists and foreign embassies.

2/ Includes expenditure of Royal Household, aside from other expenditure. w

Source: Nepal Rastra Bank. £

TABLE B-23

EXTERNAL DEBT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL AS OF DECEMBER 1964

Agencies Amount Date Agreement RepaymentSigned

1 2 3 4

1. Development Loan Fund $400,000 June 20, 1961 Repayment to be made in NC within 15 years with5 per cent interest per annum payable semi-annually.

2. Export Import Bank $1,000,000i/ July 29, 1960 Repayment to be made in NC within 25 years with4 per cent interest per annum payable semi-annually.

3. U.S. AID $1,000,000 Dec. 8, 1963 Repayment to be made within 30 years with 0.75per cent credit free.

0

4. U.S. AID $1,000,0001/ Dec. 8, 1963 Repayment to be made within 30 years with 0.75per cent credit free.

5. German DM2,000,000 April 10, 1964 Repayment to be made in DM within 13 years with5 per cent interest per annum and commitmentcharge i of 1 per cent on undisbursed loanamount.

6. U.K. £800,000 Rate of interest varies from 4 per cent to 5.6per cent depending on duration of repaymentwhich could be spread out over 20 years.

7. U.S.S.R. Rouble 2,500,000 February 1962 5 years' repayment at 2½ per cent interest.

8. India IRs 10,000,000 November 1964

i/ Equivalent in Indian Currency.

Source: Nepal Government, Ministry of Economic Planning.

N)

TABLE B-24

PRELIMINARY DISTRIBUTION OF EXPENDITURES IN THE THIRD PLJ.N(In millions of NRs)

Heads Public Private TotalOutlay Per Cent Outlay Per Cent Outlay Per Cent

Transport, Communications andPower 705.0 47.0 20.0 4.0 725.0 36.3

Agriculture, Irrigation 410.0 27.3 130.0 26.0 540.0 27.0

Industry 115.0 7.7 300.0 60.0 415.0 20.7

Social Services 230.0 15.3 50.0 10.0 280.0 14.0

Miscellaneous 40.0 2.6 - - 40.0 2.0

1,500.0 100.0 500.0 100.0 2,000.0 100.0

This includes NRs 150 million of the Government's resources.These resources which can be obtained from locality are not included herebut are kept for the local works. Similarly, the expenditure which willbe utilized for land reform is not embodied in it.

Source: Ministry of Economic Planning "The Economic Affairs Report" Special Five-Year PlanIssue, March 1965, Table 3.

- 32 - B-25

TABLE B-25

PRELIMINARY DISTRIBUTION OF EXPENDITURES IN THIRD PLAN BY SECTORS(In millions of NRs)

Heads Public Private Total

Transport, Communications and Power 705 20 725

Road 410 - 410Aviation 35Aviation (RNAC) 15 - 15Other Transportation - 20 20Post and Communication 35 - 35Power 210 - 210

Agriculture and Irrigation 410 130 540

Agriculture and its related aspects 145 130 275Panchayat Development 90 - 90Cooperatives 25 - 25Forest and Vegetable 50 - 50Irrigation 100 - 100

Industry 115 300 415

Industry and Mining 110 300 410Tourism 5 - 5

Social Services 230 50 280

Education 120 - 120Health 90 - 90Drinking Water 20 - 20Housing - 50 50

Other 40 - 40

Statistics 10 - 10Extension 10 - 10Miscellaneous 20 - 20

Total 1,500 500 2,000

Source: Ibid., Table 4.

TABLE B-26

UNITED STATES AND INDIAN ASSISTANCE TO NEPAL

(Actual expenditures FY 1959/60 through 1962/63, forecasts for 1963/64 and 1964/65 in thousands)

(A). U.S. Program ($ equivalent)(U.S. fiscal years ending June 30)

Sector 1959/60 1960/61 1961162a/ 1962/63 1963/64 1964/6S-/

Agriculture and forestry 209 306 925 1,111 834 1,576Industry and mining b/ 282 249 1,421 1,323 1,106 816Transport and communications 223 4,546 4,389 3,352 1,620 818Social services and community development 826 1,246 3,174 3,795 3,640 7,516_/Other c/ 823 751 1.520 1.732 1.884 1.6972/

U.S. sub-total 2,363 7,098 11,429-/ 11,3132/ 9,084f/ 12,423

(B). Indian Program (Indian Rupees)(Indian fiscal years ending March 31)

Agriculture and forestry 31 929 386 498 1,725./ 2,331Irrigation and power g/ 2,887 7,027 9,659 11,094 38,210tAIndustry and mining 4 26 1,194 420 1,948 481Jt/Transport and communications 1,905 4,451 4,696 1,737 2,082 -Social services and community development 2,938 4,191 3,898 1,003 952 9,260o'Other h/ 2,753 3,129 3,026 3,384 3,863 _

Indian sub-total 10,518 19,753 22,859 18,136 48,780k/ 12,072

Indian sub-total in '000 of U.S. $ equivalent 2,209 4,148 4,800 3,809 10,244 2,541

Total U.S. and Indian aid in '000 of U.S. $ equivalent 4,572 11,246 16,229 15,122 19,328 14,964

a/ First year of the U.S. Indian rupee aid.b/ Includes Nepal Industrial Development Corporation.c/ Includes technical support and engineering services.d/ 50% U.S. $, 50% Indian rupees.e/ 48% U.S. $, 52% Indian rupees.f/ 43% U.S. $, 57% Indian rupees.j/ Includes drinking water supply.h/ Includes aerial photography and mapping.i/ Admittedly overestimated.

1/ Source: Finance Ministry, Budget Speech 1964/65.2/ Including education, health, Panchayat Electricity, Public Works.3/ Including statistics, survey Budget Accounting training Admin. reform.4/ Including Commerce and Industry5/ Including Public Works, Engineering school and Health.

Sources: U.S. AID Nepall-Indian Aid Mission.

cru

TABLE C-1

LAND UTILIZATION BY REGIONS

(in thousands of hectares)

Estimated Land not under Cultivation:Land incapable of

Estimated Total cultivation for pur-Region Total Land Land Area undeq Land which can poses other than

Areas C2ltivation. be cultivatedY forestry or pasture- /

Kathmandu Valley 56.4 28.9 n.a. 27.6

Far Western Hills 2,948.5 107.9 n.a. 2,840.6

Western Hills 3,297.3 200.7 11.1 3,085.5

Eastern Hills 2,619.5 191.3 0.5 2,427.7

Eastern Inner Terai 473.7 49.8 n.a. 423.9

Mid-Inner Terai 633.3 55.4 2.7 575.2

Eastern Terai 1,324.8 779.0 51.6 494.2

Western Terai 338.5 177.8 18.3 142.4

Western Inner Terai 184.9 60.3 18.3 106.2

Far Western Terai 736.3 179.1 47.2 510.0

Total 12,613 31/ 1,830.2 1-49.8 10,633.3

n.a. not available Columns do not total due to rounding.1/ Trans-Himalayan Region excluded

AgriculturalCensus - 1961/623/ Learned guess by the Agricultural Economics Division, Ministry of Agriculture.

Natural forests are included in this group. No data on forest lands are available. 2

TABLE 0-2

AGRICULTURAL LAND UTILIZATION AND YTIEnS BY REGIONS

1961/62 Agricultural Census

Area under Area underCultivated Permanent Cultivation Est. Avg. Yield Cultivation Est. Avg. Yield

Region land crops Paddy Maize Paddy Maize l'heat Millet Wheat(in thousand ha) (in thousand ha) (kg/hectares) (in thousand ha) (kg/hectares)

Kathmandu Valley 28.9 1.8 17.7 8.5 3853 1808 n.a. n.a. n.a.

Far Western Hills 107.9 10.2 33.2 42.8 2280 2280 n.a. n.a. n.a.

Western Hills 200.7 24.3 46.6 115.4 2123 2123 n.a. n.a. n.a.

Eastern Hills 191.3 15.6 47.8 114.9 2123 2202 n.a. n.a. n.a.

Eastern Inner Terai 49.8 2.8 23.2 21.9 1966 2202 n.a. n.a. n.a.

Mid-Inner Terai 55.4 2.1 23.8 26.2 1494 1337 n.a. n.a. n.a.

Eastern Terai 779.0 30.3 609.9 57.5 1966 1337 25.8 31.1 603.5

Western Terai 177.8 7.6 142.2 3.5 1730 1415 10.0 9.9 510.8

Western Inner Terai 60.3 2.2 37.4 19.2 1494 1651 n.a. n.a. n.a.

Far Western Terai 179.1 17.2 124.5 29.6 1258 1337 10.5 1.6 766.0

Total 1830.3 114.2 1106.5 439.4 1808 1887 46.31/ 42.61/ n.a.

_~~~

n.a. = not available ha = hectares 1/ Total of the regions for which data are available.Note: Land under crops was counted for each planting during the reference period.Details may not add to total due to rounding when converted to hectares. None are off more than 0.1.

TABLE C-3

AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS - THEIR DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION -BY ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS

(Based on interviews with government officials. In some cases minorproduction of secondary or side crops has been omitted.)

MECHI ZONE

District or Area Crop or Product Utilization Transported to Remarks

Jhapa Late paddy 60 per cent of total India Some rice brought to Ilam district.production exported 21 rice mills in Bhadrapur, 7 mills

in Sanishare. Total productionabout 200,000 tons.

Maize Local consumption On Upland.

Mustard Mainly cash crop India

Jute Export of raw jute India Small acreage. Since no transport C\route to the south is available,export goes to the east.

Ilam Mustard Local consumption

Potatoes Cash crop India Mainly east border area. Exportapproximately 11,000 tons. Smallquantities brought to Jhapa.

Ghee viainly export India Consunption around Darjeeling.

Oranges Cash crop Small quantity Orange production could be increasedexported; small by providing improved transportquantity brought facilities.to Ilam

Cardamom Cash crop India By sale to Pakistan, earningscould be doubled.

'1


Ilam (cont Id) Tea Export India Government operates two tea gardensat Ilam and Sokhtem. One teafactory located at Ilam Bazaar.Quality allegedly the same asDarjeeling tea. At present 100 ha.,with a total production of 22 tons.Expansion to 600 ha. anticipated.

Ilam, Panchthar, Early paddy Local consumptionTaplejung

Maize Local consumption

Allet Local consumption

All districts Pulses Local consumption

MMountainous Buckwheat) Mainly local -

region Barley ) consumptionPotatoes

KOSI ZONE

Morang Paddy Surplus exported India When deficit in the Hills some rice(mostly late) is brought up to Terhathum and

Dhankuta.

Jute 1) Processing 1) JutemillBiratnagar

2) Exported as raw 2) India Raw jute exported to India goes byjute rail to Calcutta.

Sugar cane Sugar factory Biratnagar About 670 hectares.

Wheat Local consumption Small area but increasing, verylittle double cropping.

Mustard Surplus exported India


Morang (cont'd) Pulses Local consumption Small area.

Mango, Lichi Mainly localconsumption

Maize Mainly localconsumption

Sunsari Paddy (mostly Surplus exported India When deficit in the Hills some ricelate) is brought up to Terhathum and

Dhankuta.Jute 1) Processing 1) Jutemill

Biratnagar2) Exported as raw 2) India Raw jute exported to India goes

jute by rail to Calcutta.

Wheat Local consumption Small area but increasing, verylittle double cropping.

Maize Local consumption Mainly in north of Sunsari district.

Mustard Surplus exoorted India

Pulses Local consumption Small area.

Mango, Lichi Mainly localconsumption

Dhankuta Paddy (early Mainly localand late) consumption

Wheat Local consumption


Millet Local consumption

Mustard Local consumption Very small area.


Dhankuta (cont'd) Pulses Local consumption

Citrus fruits Cash crop India

Potatoes Surplus exported India Particularly seed potatoes exported.

Terhathum Paddy (early Local consumptionand late)




Mustard Local consumption Very small area.

Pulses Local consumption

Potatoes Surplus exported India Particularly seed potatoes exported.

Sankhuwasabha Paddy (early Mainly local Important paddy growing area aroundand late) consumption Khandbari which exchanges with

adjacent deficit areas.Maize Local consumption


Mustard Local consumption


Potatoes Local consumption Particularly seed potatoes exported.

Sheep Local consumption Surplus sold.

Dhankuta )Terhathum ) Ghee Surplus exported IndiaSankhuwasabha. ) t

SAGARMATHA ZONE


Siraha Gaja (narcotics) Cash crop India Main cash crop of high value.

Tobacco Cash crop Janakpur Cigarette factory. Until nowtobacco has been sold on thefield by cultivators to Indiancigarette factories.

Paddy (late Surplus sold India Small quantities are brought into

and early) the Hills.

Maize/Millet ) Small quantitiesWheat ) sold

(Lahan Area) Jute Exported as raw India Brought to Jaynagar (Indian rail-

jute head.

Siraha (northern Oranges Export Indiapart)

Saptari Paddy Surplus sold India Paddy and jute account for 40 percent of cultivated land. Smallquantities of rice are brought intothe Inner Terai and to the Hills.

Maize Mainly localconsumption

Wheat Mainly localconsumption

Jute Cash India Jute is exported as raw jute.

Oilseed Some quantitiessold


Udaipur Paddy Mainly localconsumption

Oilseed Mainly export India main cash crop is mustard.

Mtaize Surplus sold India and Terai Important crop.


Potatoes Local consumption

Tobacco Cash crop

Fruits (oranges, Small quantities Indiapears, peaches, soldwalnuts)


Okhaldunga ) Maize ) Main crop.Khotang ) TilletBhojpur ) Paddy

Wheat ) Mainly localBuckwheat/Barley) consumptionPulses )Oilseed

Citrus fruits, Some quantities Katary (market) Local consumption.apples, nuts sold

Potatoes Surplus sold India

SolukhumbuOkhaldunga ) Ghee Export India and Tibet Considerable quantities exported.KhotangBhojpur )


Solukhumbu Wheat )Maize )Barley ) Mainly local Some is bartered in Tibet forBuckwheat ) consumption salt.Potatoes )

Herbs Export India

Radish seed Cash crop Udaipur Garhi (market)

Cheese Cash crop Kathmandu Cheese project at Semila Pike.

Yak products Surplus sold and Indiapartly exported

Hides Export India

Horses Cash crop Inner Terai, High prices obtained.Terai and India

Wool ) Sold Kathmandu Sheep and goats are brought aliveSheep and Goats) to Kathmandu; there they are

shorn and then sold.JANAKPUR ZONE

Terai Paddy (mostly Considerable India Small percentage of rice goes tolate) export the Hills. Pulses and oilseed

sown in paddy fields for croprotation.

Wheat Local consumption About 10 per cent of paddy areadouble cropped with wheat.

Mustard Surplus exported India

Northern part Tobacco Soldof Sarlahi, (approx.Mohotari and 4,000 ha.)Dhanukha


Upland Terai Maize ) Local consumption and Small quantities go to the Hills.Mustard ) some quantities ex-

ported to India

Inner Terai Maize Local consumption(Sindhuli)

Paddy (mainly Local consumptionearly)


M4ustard Cash crop India

Potatoes Mainly localconsumption

Area of Chisaponi Seed Potatoes Cash crop India, State of Bihar

Dolakha ) Maize ) Local consumption The two districts are deficit areas.Ramechhap) Millet and ) Maize main food crop. Maize, millet

Buckwheat ) and some rice brought in from InnerTerai and also from foothills.

Oranges Cash crop Good quality oranges. Some orangeproduction apparently also inSindhuli district.

Ghee Cash

Mustard Surplus sold

Radish seed Cash crop

Potatoes Surplus sold India

Wool and Cash Kathmanduwoolen materials

District or Area Crop or Product Utilization Transuorted to Retearks

Ramechhap Paddy Local consumption


Dolakha Cheese Cash Kathmandu Cheese project at Thodung.

NARAYANI ZONE

Rautahat Paddy (late Surplus exported India .4ain crop. Partly exported asand early) parboiled rice.

Maize Local consumfption

Wheat Small surplus sold India Some double cropping.

Pulses Some quantities sold India

Ghee Small surplus sold India

Mango Surplus sold India and Kathmandu

Bara Paddy (late Surplus exported India Main crop. Partly exported asand early) parboiled rice.

Wheat Local consumption Some double cropping.



Oilseeds Mainly localconsumption

Sugar cane Cash crop Sugar mill Birganj



Parsa Paddy (late Surplus exported India Main crop. Where irrigation exists,and early) late paddy follows in some areas

early paddy. Partly exported asparboiled rice.

Wheat Local consumption Some double cropping. Wheat grownafter early paddy, small but in-creasing percentage. Wheat isoften mixed with pulses.



Oilseeds Mainly localconsumption

Sugar cane Cash crop Sugar mill Birganj


Chitwan Mustard Mainly cash crop India and Kathmiandu i4ain crop

Maize Surplus sold Kathmandu and somequantities to India

Paddy (late Local consumption Double cropping (maize, oilseed) hasand early) started. Rapti Valley has become

surplus area for food grain. Croprotations: Irrigated: late paddyfollowed by fallow, or early paddyby wheat. Non-irrigated: Maizefollowed by oilseed and some vege-tables.


Wheat Mainly local India and Kathmanduconsumption


Makwanpur Potatoes Cash crop Ilain crop, particularly Palung Valley.Controversial statements aboutproportion shipped to India andKathmandu. Seed potatoes apparentlygo mainly to Terai and India.


Paddy (late) Local consumption and Kathmandu Paddy not important crop.some quantities sold

Mustard Surplus exoorted India

Ghee lainly export India India higher prices than inKathmandu.

Vegetables Cash crop Katimandu From Palung Valley.

BAGAATI ZONE

All Districts Paddy Surplus sold Kathmandu Districts along the northern borderand Dhading district are deficitareas. Deficit in food grain ispartly met by surplus of Narayanizone..

Wheat Local consunption In lower parts of Kathmandu Valley3 crops are i,-rown around the year.

MLaize Local consumption Particularly in Hill area.

Millet Local consui,ption

Vegetables Surplus sold Kathiandu Particularly in Kath-nandu Valley.and -'ulses

Potatoes Surulus sold Kat1nandu/Hitaura Seed ootatoes are shipped to Terai.Kathmandu Valle,,y considerableproduction.


All Districts Oilseeds Surplus sold Particularly Kathmandu(cont'd)

Sugar cane Local consumption Surplus goes toand in some areas Kathmandusurplus sold

Ghee Surplus sold Kathmandu, Hitaura, Principal source is Hill area.Narayan Ghat

Herbs Cash via Kathmandu to Herbs are collected.India

Cheese Cash Kathmandu Cheese-making project at Langtang.Partly exported from Kathmandu toIndia.

Milk Cash Kathmandu Around Kathmandu and in districtof Sindhu.

High Regions Barley Local consumption

Buckwheat Local consumption

LUMIBNI ZONE

Terai, Palpa ) Local consumption and India and small In Terai mainly late paddy (aboutand Valleys ) Paddy export from Terai quantities into 75 per cent). Almost no doubleof Hills ) Hills cropping. Late paddy followed by

pulses or fallow.

Terai Wheat Local consumption Wheat is grown after early paddyand often mixed with pulses.

Terai (parti- Oilseeds Local consumption Indiacularly Nawal and some exportParasi)

District or Area. Crop or Product Utilization Transported to Remarks

Rupandehi Sugar cane Export India Grown up to two iniles along Indianborder (approx. 1,600 ha.). Atpresent sugar cane goes to twoIndian factories.

Kapilvastu Wheat Local consumption

Sugar cane Export India About 2,000 ha.

Hills Maize )Wheat ) Local consurmptionMillet )

Ghee Surplus exported India Collected at Bhutwal and Krish-nagar. Shipped to Lucknow andBenares by rail.

Palpa, Gulmi Oranges Cash crop, partly Bhairawa and Krish- Export portions shipped via Krish-exoorted nagar (markets) nagar to Lucknow and Gorakpur'in

India.All Districts Pulses Local consumption;

some surplus sold

GANDAKI ZONE

All Districts Maize ) Local consumption :laize is staple crop of Hill area;Millet ) maize is usually followed by millet

or late paddy.

Paddy Local consumption Early paddy on upland followed bymillet or maize. On irrigatedland -addv follows maize. About50 per cent late d 50 opr centearly paddy in Pokhara Valley.Surpluis pockets in Lamjun-.

Pulses Local consuwiotion Particularly black grara.

District or Area Crop or Product UTtilization Transported to Remarks

Pokhara Valley,) Oilseeds Local consumption 24ustard, groundnuts and sissinGurkha, Parbat,) are grown as kitchen crops.Syangja )

Pokhara Valley Wheat Local consiunption

Buckwheat Local conswmption

Pokhara Valley,) Sugar cane Local consumption Kitchen garden crop but also usedGorkha, Lamjung) for ghur.

Pokhara Valley, ) Citrus fruits Surplus sold Via Bhutwal or Nara- Orange export from Pokhara Valleysome parts of ) yanghat to India. is estimated at Nkis 40,000 annually.Gorkha, Tanahun,) Some quantities areSyangja ) apparently brought

to Kathmandu fromPokhara

Pokhara Valley Tobacco Local consumiption Very small plots of tobacco allover th3 zone.

Gorkha, Laxojung,) Via Bhutwal or An imtportant %arket product.Parbat, Syangja,) Ghee Surplus exported Narayanghat to Districts of Tanahun and GorkhaTanahan ) India transport ghee to Narayanghat.

Aanang, Parbat, ) Sheep and sheep Surplus soldPokhara, Gorkha ) products

All Districts. Herbs Collected for export India

RAPATI ZONE

Dang Deokhuri Paddy Surplus sold i'ainly India; About 32,000 ha. Importantsmall quantity surplus area.into the Hills.


Dang Deokhuri Mustard 14ainly exported India About 17,000 ha. Approx. 4,500(cont'd) tons valued at NRs 5 million

exported. also oilcake from.small oil mnills to India exported.

saize ) Mainly local About 9,o0o ha.Wheat ) consumption About 5,000 ha.

Pulses Side crop.

Animal bones Export India For about NRs 1.2 million annuallyexported.

Honey Some export India

0Sallyan and Paddy ) Sallyan and Piuthan deficit areasPiuthan Maize ) in food grain. However, some(Sallyan: Wheat ) barter with rice, wheat arid maize.17,500 ha. cul- Barley ) Local consumLption Maize and nillet often double cropped.tivated area; Millet ) Wheat second crop (rabi) following

Piuthan: Buckwheat) paddy or millet . Wheat major crop12,000 ha. cul- Potatoes ) in Hill area.tivated area) Side crop.

Mfustard Surplus sold India

Sallyan, Piuthan,)Rolpa, Rukum and) Ghee Surplus sold India An important mnarket product.Dang Deokhuri )

Sallyan, Piuthan,) Oranges Surplus sold Locally consumned 50 pieces sold for lIRs 1.Rolpa )

Rolpa and Rukun Sheep Woolen products exported to India.

DHAULAGIRI ZONE


All Districts Wheat ) Local consumrption .-ain staple crops for self consuump-laize ) tion. Some is bartered in Tibet

for salt.1,41llet Local consumotion

Paddv Local consumrption In valleys and where irrigationfacilities are available.

G-hee Surprlu sold - India An important market oroduct. Shippedvia Bhu-twal to India.

Herbs Collected for exoort India

Baglung Ghur Small quantities sold India

Fruits (oranges, Small surrollus sold Locallybalnanas)

Motintainous area Buckwheat ) Local consumption(nart- cul-arI Barley )' fustang)

lotatoes

Sheep, -oats ) SUrrl:5 soldW1oolen products)

Horses,, mtls S :-rvicjn as oacl Come to the Hil.s in the dry season.-nime is Horses sold in the Te-rai and ex-

ported to India.Deciduous fruitS Local. consui,rtion

(apOles, ez-!-.es,wa'nuts)

f -, 4ALrI 71UNiE

Jumla WheatHulck'1hea t ) local consrP"m; nr Some is ourtorec in Tibet fcr salt.

Iot CtoC- S ur.. o1 nsu iDtiOF


Jumla (cont'd) Paddy Mainly local In valleys, six months' growingconsumption period.

Chilli Surplus sold Terai

Apples ) Locally consumed Due to lack of transport facilitiesPeaches ) no marketing.

Ghee Surplus sold Via Nepalganj toIndia

Herbs Cash Marketed at Nepalganj Collected.

Sheep and Wool Surplus sold Via Nepalganj toIndia

Horses Sold Terai and India

SETI ZONE

Terai (District Paddy (mainly Surplus exported India Main crop; Paddy production Kailali:of Kailali has late) 66,000 t. Export estimated atabout 72,000 ha. 62 per cent of total production.of cultivated In district of Kailali are 54 riceland, and about mills meeting local requirements.50 per cent ofall land is Wheat Local consumption Very little double cropping. Wheatunder forest grown on upland.and scrub) Maize Local consumption

Mustard Local consumption Indiaand some quantitiesexported


District or Area Crop or Product- Utilization Transported to Remarks

Hill Area Paddy (in valleys)) Local consumption Allost no food Usually this Hill Area is fairlyMaize ) grain transport self-sufficient in food grain, butWheat (major crop)) from, North to serious food shortages aopeared in;Millet ) South 1963/64. In case of crop failure,

food grain is brought in by portersfrom the south. Double cropping iswidely practiced in the Hill Areawith wheat as major crop (eitherpaddy followed by wheat or milletfollowed by wheat).

Doti, Achham GheeHides ) Surplus sold IndiaHoney )

'AMountains Ghee )Sheep and Wool ) Surplus sold, IrdiaHorses ) some exported

Barley )Potatoes ) Local consumptionBuckwheat)

BHERI ZONE

Terai Paddy (mainly Surplus exported India Main crop. A small percentage oflate) the rice surplus goes through India

to Kathmandu and other deficitareas in central and eastern Nepal.

Sugar cane Export India Sugar cane production,particularlyaround Gulariya, shipped to twosugar factories in IJttar Pradesh,close to the border.

M1aize Local consumption In district of Bardia some quantitiesof maize are also exported to India.


Terai (cont Id) Wheat Local consumption Very little double cropping.Wheat mostly grown on upland.

Mustard local consumption Indiaand some quantitiesexported


Hill Area Paddy (in valleys))Maize ) Local consumption Surkhet important for paddy produc-Wheat (major crop)) tion. Also pockets of paddy grownMillet ) in Jajarkot. Hill Area pretty self-

sufficient in food grain, thereforelittle transport of food grain fromSouth to North. In Hill Area doublecropping is widely practiced withwheat as major crop (either paddyfollowed by wheat or millet followedby wheat).

Surkhet, Dailekh, Ghee Mainly exported India By porter to Nepalganj. From thereand Jajarkot by bullock cart or truck to Indian

railhead at Nepalganj Road in India.Dailekh, Surkhet Oranges Surplus exported Via Nepalganj

to India

Potatoes Surplus exported India

MAHAKALI ZONE

Kanchanpur (Terai) Paddy (mainly Much exported India It is uncertain whether wheat or(shifting culti- late) paddy is the main crop in Kanchan-vation and pur District. Rice from Kanchanpurvaluable forests) transported to Hill Areas.

Wheat Local consumption India ? Very little double cropping. Wheat(Some sources claim in particular grown in the North.about 40 per cent ofwheat production goesto India, transportedby bullock cart.)


Kanchanpur Mustard Estirmated 20 per cent India(cont d) of production ex-

ported

Pulses Surgplus exported Estilmted 20 per cent of totalproduction is exported.

Hill Area Wheat ) In Hill frea (Dardeldhura and Baitadi)Maize ) Local consumption double cropping is wi.dely DracticedPaddy (Valleys)) with wheat as rnaior crop -(eitherMillet ) paddy followed by wheat or maillet

followed by wheat). &or the lasttl!o reao_s BLaitadi has ilot be-:enself-sufficient,, rice has beenbrougnt fro.-, Kanchanpur, an? somesu]Dolied frcs Irndia.

Baitadi Potatoes Surplus exported India

Oranges Exported India (IJ.P.)

Baitadi and Ghee )Dandeldhura Hides ) Exported India

Honey )Ghur )

Mbuntains Buckwheat )Barley ) Local consumptionPotatoes )

TABLE C-4

AUCTION SALES OF STANDING TIMBER

Eastern Zone Central Zone Western ZoneYear (Mechi, Kosi, Sagarmatha (Lubii Zo) (Mahakali, Seti, Bheri Total

and Janakpur Zones) uxn and Rapati Zones)(cu.ft.) ('000 NRs) (cu.ft.) ('000 NRs) (cu.ft.) ('000 NRs) (cu.ft.) ('000 NRs)

1961/62 1,008,221 5,877 221,833 1,783 307,247 1,872 1,537,301 9,532

1962/63 1,265,220 5,695 142,800 789 585,820 1,131 1,993,840 7,615

1963/64 513,44 8 2,195 291,633 1,195 1,012,220 2,626 1,817,301 6,016

Note: Auction sales records do not include timber allocated to sawmills,government projects, or local village allowances. See also Table C-5.

Source: Government of Nepal, Ministry of Agriculture Food and Forestry, Department of Forestry.

- 57 -

TABLE C-5

GOVEEIJENT ALLOCATIONS FOR SALE OF TIMBER TO SAWMILLS

AllocationLocation of Forest 1/ 1964/65

Saw.amills Division cu.ft.) (cu.ft9.)

Biratnagar Biratnagar 175,000 200,000

Birganj )) Birganj 200,000 200,000

Simra )

Hitaura )) Chitwan 350,000 450,000

Bharatpur )

Nepalganj Banke 50,000 90,000

Bardia Bardia 50,,000 70,000

Dhangarhi Kailali 50,000 50,000

Bilauri Kanchanpur 50,000 90,000

Sub-total - Operating 925,000 1,150,000

Proposed Hanumannagar - 40,000

Proposed_.' Janakpur - 40,000

Proposed2/ Lunibini - 40,000

Proposed-/ Kapilvastu - 40,000

Proposed2/ Mechi - 60,000

Sub-total - Proposed - 220,000

GRAND TOTAL 925,000 1,370,000

y Allocations for 1963/64 have almost been fully utilized.Sawmills being constructed or under ccnsideration. Finalexact location not available.

Source: Government of Nepal, Ministry of Agriculture Food andForestry, Department of Forestry.

- 58 - C-6

TABLE C-6

PRODUCTION OF ivAIN FOOD GRAINS - AGRICULTURAL CENSUS 1961/62

Regions Estimated Total Production(in metric tons 2/)

Paddy Mvaize

Eastern Hills 102,388 253,805

Eastern Inner Terai 46,441 38,917

Eastern Terai 1,223,201 77,924

Kathmandu Valley 68,105 15,562

Mid-Inner Terai 35,477 34,392

Western Hills 99,238 243,284

Western Inner Terai 54,849 32,416

Western Terai 250,667 5,050

Far Western Hills 74,599 102,626

Far lWestern Terai 152,620 38,729

Total 2.107,58 & 2.705

_ _ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _, g .

1/ Weight given is undried weight, obtained immediately afterharvest.

- 59 - C-7

TABLE C-7

QUANTITIES OF FOOD GRADI DISTRIJTED BY THE GOVEI?NNENTFROM 1961/62 TO 1963/64

Fiscal Year Fiscal Year Fiscal Year1961/62 1962/63 1963/64

Zones (in tons) (in tons) (in tons)

Nlechi - 298Kosi 94 461Sagarmatha 47 28 177Janakpur 38 19 168Bagmati 3,918 8,968 17,160(Kathmandu Valley) (3,545)- (8,955)- (16,000)Narayani - - 33Gandaki 25 58 348Lumbini 20 86 295Dhaulagiri - 31 24i3Rapati 6 25 69Karnali - - 12Bheri - 75Seti - - 180Mahakali - 19 81

Total 4,148 9,234 19,600

These amounts are part of the Bagmati Zone totals.

Note: Part of the distribution program in various clistrictsconsisted of allocation of funds to district authorities forgrain purchase. Arounts spent have been converted intoquantities of grain.

Source: Government of Nepal, Ministry of Agricuture Food andForestry, Food Department.

- 60 - C-8

TABLE C-8

LOCATION AND CAPACITY OF AVAILABLE GOVERNMENI'-OWNEDSTORAGE FACILITIES AS OF NOVE,MBER 1964.

Capacity inLocation Metric Tons

Kathmandu Valley 5,000

Hitaura 1.,250

Amlekhganj 500

Birganj 1,441

Bhimpedi 165

Bharatpur 111

Nepalganj 1.,611

Rajapur 500

Biratnagar 1,611

Dhankuta 74

Doti 74

Bhojpur 74

Palpa 660

Chandra Garhi 1,111

Bhairawa 1,11

Total 15,293

Source: GovermrTent of Nepal, Ministry of AgricultureFood and Forestry, Food Department.

- 61 - C-9

TABLE C-9

DAIRY INDUSTRY PRODUCTION OF MILK,CHEESE AID BUTTER

1. Kathmandu Milk Supply Schelne

Amount Utilization of Milk forDelivery Paid to Butter Totalof M4ilk Producers Fluid Milk and Cream Receipts

Year (liters) (NRs) (liters) (liters) (NRs)

1960 212,340 137,804 176,038 39,841 280,796

1961 260,343 167,649 223,671 43,778 393,921

1962(1/2-yr.) 150,700 99,078 155,143 20,780 243,245

1962/63 417,866 288,351 130,095 25,436 610,129

1963/64 373,510 263,566 374,9671/ 83,517 645,720

2. Cheese and Butter Production in Hill Areas

AmountDelivery Paid to Production Totalof Aillk Producers Cheese Butter Receipts

Year (liters) (NRs) (Kg) (Kg) (NRs)

1960/61 101,758 44,745 10,296 2,782 104,490

1961/62 122,675 53,951 8,774 4,602 115,745

1962/63 152,135 66,724 10,301 3,325 91,306

1963/64 185,411 95,581 12,310 5,051 154,800

1964/65 172,673 91,200 15,367 3,747 N.A.

/ This does not include milk reconstituted from imported skim milkpowder which was also sold.

N.A. Not Available.

Source: Government of Nepal, Ministry of Agriculture Food and Forestry,Dairy Division.

TABLE C-10

SUG&R, JUTE AND TOBACCO INDUSTRIESAS OF NOVEMBER 196L

Kind of enterprise; Capacity per Annual Production Requirementslocation day (tons) Year tons Raw materials Area Remarks

(tons) (hectares)

1. Biratnagar JuteMills Ltd. 36 1/ 1959/60 12,037 2/ ) )

1960/61 11,6h0 o/ ) )1961/62 11,336 T/ ) )1962/63 11,017 7/ ) )

) 15,000 3/ ) 13,000 4/2. Raghupati Jute 1959/60 3,240 2/) - ) It is planned to in-

Mills Ltd., 1960/61 3,2hh 7/ ) ) crease output capacitBiratnagar 1961/62 3,534 7/ ) ) to 25 t.per day over

16 1/ 1962/63 3,359 T/ ) ) the next three years.

3. Birganj Sugar Under Con-Mill 1,000 5/ struction 12,000 6/ 120,000 6,009 7/ Extension of daily

crushing capacity to1,200 t.possible. Cam-paign scheduled to startin Jan. 65.

I,. Mahendra Sugarand General In- Under con-dustries, Bhairawa 750 5/ struction. 9,000 6/ 90,000 4,000 7/

5. Tara Sugar Industries, Construction work notNepalganj. 750 5/ Being planned. 7,500 6/ 75,000 3,800 7/ yet started.

6. Morang Sugar Mill, 1960/61 2,539 25,000 Sugar cane came predomi-Biratnagar 1961/62 2,692 26,000 r,atl to endlannial

250 5/ 1962/63 1,781 17,000 n.a. LO/ production to 8,80 torsquiring about 4,000 han sugar. cane.

Kind of enterprise; Capacity per Annual Production Requirementslocation day (tons) Year tons Raw materials Area Remarks

(tons) (hectares)

7. Cigarette factory n.a. 10/ Under con- 200 mill. 2,500 8/ 4,500 9/ Operation started.struction. sticks

8. Nepal CigaretteFactory, Birganj. The available data are contradictory and cannot be considered reliable.

9. National TobaccoCo., Kathmandu No reliable information available.

1/ Present daily output capacity.2/ Total oroduction of sacking, hessian and twine in gross weight incl. packing material.3/ Estimate of the two mills combined, and based on the average quantity of raw jute consumed annually..17/ Estimate of the two mills combined, and based on the land required to support fulll production of both mi]1sgr/ Daily crushing capacity.&/ Estimated sugar production when in full operation.7/ Mission's estimate incl. area for multiplication purposes.5/ Cured tobacco9/ Estimate of Government of Nepal.10/ n. a. = not available

Note:a) Jute: The Government's aim is to increase the annual capacity of the jute industry by 8,600 tons. It isplanned to establish a third jute factory at Jhapa.

b) Sugar: A fifth sugar factory (Sahu Jain Ltd.) is planned at Krishnagar with a daily crushing capacity ofabout 1,000 tons. The proposed annual production of the listed sugar mills (excluding Krishnagar) amounts to o37,300 tons while sugar consumption in Nepal accounted for 6,581 tons in 1963 (of thib total 3,300 tons wereimported from India, 1,500 tons from U.S.S.R., and 1,781 tons were obtained from domestic production).

TABLE C-l1

TOTAL LAND HOLDINGS, NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS AND NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS

THAT COULD BE SUPPORTED BY AVAILABLE LAND

Households which can be Net result of calculation onsupported. by available number of households to be

Regions Area of Agric. Agric. land based on a minimum supported by available land.

Holdings Households Household economic holding 1/ (in '000 of households)

(hectares) (hectares) Total ('000) - ExistingOverpopulation Underpopulation

Kathmandu Valley 29,000 57,921 .5 18 40 -

Far Western Hills 108,600 260,716 .t 68 193 -

Western Hills 201,900 329,211 .6 126 203 -

Eastern Hills 192,400 30L,7L1 .6 120 185 -

Eastern Inner Terai 50,100 30,803 1.6 21 9

Mid Inner Terai 55,800 3h,3b7 1.6 23 11

Eastern Terai 783,600 358,8h2 2.2 327 32

Western Terai 178,800 71,875 2.5 75 - 3

Western Inner Terai 60,700 13,108 h.6 25 12

Far Western Terai 180,200 31,937 5.6 75 - 43

Total 1,841J100 1,h93,501 878 +673 -58

1/ The minimum economic holding is assumed to be 2.4 hectares in the Terai and 1.6 hectares in the Hills.

Source: Government of Nepal, Ministry of Agriculture Food and Forestry.

TABLE C-12

ANNUAL AVERAGE PRICES (1962 & 1963) OF SELECTED COMMODITIES

Coarse Rice Paddy Mustard Ghee Potatoes(NRs/kg) (NRsA/g) (NRs/kg) (NRs/kg) (NRs/kg)

196T 1963 1962 1963 1962 1963 1962 1963 1962 1963

Nepalganj 0.83 0.82 o.h6 0.52 1.3h 1.21 10.66 n.a. 0.72 0.93

Biratnagar 0.98 1.19 O.58 0.65 1.25 1.h3 9.h3 10.29 1.07 0.76

Palpa 1.L8 1.44 0.72 1.32 n.a. n.a. 10.33 n.a. 1.23 n.a.

Kathmandu 1.12 1.30 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 8.8h 8.99 0.81 0.63

Birganj o.94 0.97 0.54 0.55 1.33 n.a. 10.h2 10.25 0.79 0.74

Dhankuta n.a. 1.51 n.a. 0.83 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.47 D.50

Illam n.a. 1.34 n.a. 0.77 n.a. 1.08 n.a. 9.14 n.a. 0.61

Based on Ministry of Agriculture monthly price survey data.

0~~~~~~~~~

RAJBIRAJ ......KATHMANDU |l i -

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BIRATNAGAR 0 O X X

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- 67 - C-14

TABLE C-14

THE PORTIONS OF EXISTING CONSUMER PRICES REPRESENTEDBY TRANSPORTATION AND OTHER COST FACTORS

(for selected agricultural products at various localities)

Oranges Potatoes MiustardDharan Palung Chitwan(1960) _196L)

(in per cent)

Transportation 9.20 16.66 3.55

Storage and Waste O,58s/ 4e45 noao

Tax n.a. 7.23 2.22

Middlemen 3010 5.00 5.33

Producer 60.12 66.66 88.90

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

2/ No storage.

Source: Based on tMarketing Studies by the Agricultural EconomicSection, Department of Agriculture.

TABLE C-15

MARKETING PLACES IN NEPAL

Zone District Name of Place Products Marketed Remarks

Mechi Ilam Gurkha Potatoes.

'I n Pashupati Nagar Potatoes, fruits, maize, Of major importance forghee, hides. exports and imports.

Fickal Potatoes

Jamuna Ghee.

Ilam Herbs.

Jhapa Bhadrapur and Paddy, rice, maize, mustard, Of major importance forChandra Garhi jute, potatoes, fruits. paddy and rice export

Sanichare Paddy, rice,raw jute.

Kosi Sankhuwasabha Khandbari Ghee, rice,mustard. Local market

Terhathum Terhathum Ghee, rice,mustard. Local market

It Dhankuta Dhankuta Herbs, citrus fruits,ghee, rice, mustard.

"t "t Chainpur Ghee, rice,mustard. Local market

" Morang Biratnagar Paddy, rice,potatoes,maize, Of major importanceraw jute, mustard, pulses, for imports and ex-ghee, herbs, oranges, hides. ports


Kosi Morang Rangeli Paddy, raw jute, mustard, Local importancepulses.

Sunsari Dharan Oranges, ghee, potatoes. Of major importance forBhojpur and Dhankutadistricts..

Inarwa Paddy, raw jute, mustard.

Sagarmatha Okhaldhunga Okhaldhunga Local market.

Bhojpur Bhojpur Oranges.

Udaipur Katari Mustard, ghee. Of major importance forEastern Inner Terai andfor northern Hill 4reas.

Saptari Fathepur Tobacco, mustard. Market place at foot-hills.

Hanumannaga r Ra-.i jute, paddy, rice,mustard, hides.

Rajbiraj Raw jute, paddy.

Sirha Lahan Paddy, gaja, raw jute.

Marchaia Tobacco. Curing centre

Sirha Paddy, gaja,

It l! Chandraganj Paddy, gaja, maize.


Janakpur Dolakha Charikot Ghee, herbs, salt. Collection point forDolakha district. Tradewith food grain forsalt with Tibet.

Sindhuli Sindhuli Garhi Seed potatoes.

Dhanukha Chisapani Ghee, seed potatoes, oranges. Collection point forHill area.

"' Janakpur Potatoes, herbs, paddy, rice, Of major importance duemaize, mustard, tobacco, to connection withpulses. Hitaura and Kathmandu.

Sarlahi Sarlahi Paddy, maize, mustard,pulses, potatoes. c

Narayani Chitwan Narayanghat and Mustard, food grains, ghee, Of major importance forBharatpur potatoes, fruits, herbs. collection of agricultuxt-

al products of RaptiValley and HiLl area.Supply of northern areawith consumer goods andfoodgrain.

Makwanpur Hitaura Potatoes, ghee, mustard.

Bhimphedi and Potatoes, vegetables.Chisapani Garhi

Bhainse Potatoes.


Narayani Rautahat Gaur Paddy; maize, mustard, sugarcane, pulses.

Bara Kalaiya Paddy.

Parsa Birganj Paddy, rice, maize, mustard, Of major importance forpotatoes, pulses, hides, sugar imports and exports.cane.

Bagmati Kathmandu Kathmandu Rice, paddy, wheat, oilseeds, Major market as consumerghur, potatoes, vegetables, place.ghee, milk, cheese, sheep,goats, woolen products.

of Nuwakot Trisuli Local market.

Gandaki Gurkha Gurkha Local market.

tt Tanahun Bandipur C-hee, herbs. Of major importance fordistribution of consumergoods and -food,-grain inthe Hills brought upfrom Narayanghat.

Lanjung Khudi Local market.

Kun c ha Local market

"t Kaski Pokhara Oranges, food grain Of major importance asmarket for consumer goodsTrade goes from here upto the border area.


Gandaki Syangja Pulikhet Local market.

Parbat Kusma Local market.

Lumbini Palpa Tansing Ghee. Of major importance fordistribution of goodsbrought up from Bhutwal.

Nawal Parasi Tribeni Ghat Mustard, paddy.

Rupandehi Bhutwal Ghee, herbs, oranges. Of major importance forsupply of Hill area withconsulmer 3o0ds and ascollection point foragricultural products.

Bhairawa Paddy, rice, maize, sugar Major import/export mar-cane, mustard, pulses, ghee, ket with trade flowinghides, herbs, fruits. into the Hills up to the

Tibetan border.

Kapilvastu Patharkot Ghee, herbs, fruits. Collection point foragricultural products.

itTaulihawa Paddy, rice.

vi nKrishnagar Paddy, rice, mustard, maize,pulses, sugar cane, ghee,hides,oranges.

ni Bahadurganj Paddy, rice.

-Zone District Name of Place Products Marketed Remarks

Dhaulagiri Baglung Baglung Local market.

II 1Mrangdi Bent- Local market.

Mustang Thak Local market.

n nt Muktinath Local market.

n. nMustang Local market.

Rapati Piuthan Piuthan Local market for consumergoods.

Sallyana Sallyana Local market for consumergoods.

Dang Deokhuri Ghorai Ghee, mustard.

* M :' -anpur Ghee, mustard.

"I "I Koilabas Maize, paddy, rice, mustard,ghee, pulses, herbs.

Bheri Surkhet Surkhet Paddy

n Banke Nepalganj Pulses, paddy, rice, Of major importance formustard, ghee, herbs. imports and exports

Bardia Rajapur Paddy, rice, maize, Dry-season marketpulses, ghee..

Seti Achham Riaikot Local market.


Seti. Doti Silgarhi-Doti Local market.

Kailali Dhangarhi Paddy, rice, ghee. Of major importance forexports and imports supplyingfood grain and consumer goods

I' " Trinagar Paddy, rice, maize, to Hill area.mustard, pulses, ghee.

Karnali Jumla Jumla Local market.

Mahakali Baitadi Baitadi Paddy, ghee, herbs. Of major importance for ex-ports from westernmost area.Trade flows into Hills ofSeti Zone.

n ft Jhulagat Ghee

Kanchanpur Mahendranagar Paddy, maize, mustard, Fast developing new marketpulses, ghee. centre. Important import-

export market.

Source: Data collected by the Mission.

TABLE c-16

IRRIGATION PROJECTS IN OPERATION, UNDER CONSTRUCTIONAND IN PLANNING STAGE AS OF NOVEMBER 1964

A. In Operation

Irrigable Rabi CropName of GCA Area Per Cent of Constructed Completed

Zone Project (ha) (ha) Irrigable Area by Year Remarks

Bagmati Mahadeo 1,200 n.a. n.a. IAM 1960(Kathmandu Valley)

Bagmati Tika Bhairav 2,400 2,000 n.a. IAM 1961(Kathmandu Valley)

Bagmati Budhanil Kantha 800 n.a. n.a. IAM n.a.(Kathmandu Valley)

Bagmati Gokarn 500 n.a. n.a. NG 1959(Kathmandu Valley)

Bagmati Bagmati 440 n.a. n.a. NG 1964(Kathmandu Valley)

Gandaki Lower Vijaypur 2,900 2,600 n.a. IANt 1961 Not living up to expectations.

Garidaki Phewatal 1,200 800 n.a. IAM 1961

Narayani Tilawe 4,000 2,800 50 USAID 1961 Working properly. Fifty percent of irrigable area carriestwo crops of paddy.

Narayani Sirsia 4,000 1,600 30 USAID 1961 Gates leaking.

Narayani Jhaj 4,800 2,400 n.a. IAM 1961 Gates not working.

Sagarmatha Chandra Canal 23,200 12,000 n.a. NG 1932 Constructed with British assistanceDue to poor maintenance only 40 per.cent of the irrigable area is nowconsidered operable.

IAM - Indian Aid Mission ha - hectaresNG - Nepal Government n.a. - not available

GCA - Gross Commanded Area

B. Under Construction

Irrigable Rabi Crop ScheduledName of GCA Area Per Cent of Constructed for

Zone Project (ha) (ha) Irrigable Area by Completion Remarks

Bheri Dundwa 2,800 1,900 10-15 IAM 1965

Narayani Khagari 10,000 6,ooo n.a. NG 1966 First phase of Rapti RiverProject.

Lumbini Tinao 20,000 12,000 15 IAM June 1965

Lumbini Gandak West 16,000 11,000 10 State of 1968Bihar, India

Narayani Gandak East 41,000 29,000 20 State of 1968Bihar, India

Bagmati Godavari 1,200 800 n.a. IAM 1965 Kathmandu Valley.

Bagmati Kotkhu 1,200 800 n.a. IAM 1965 Kathmandu Valley.

Bagmati Bosan Khola 320 200 n.a. IAM n.a. Re-establishment of a self-(Kathmandu Valley) constructed irrigation system.

Janakplir Manusmara 4,000 2,000 20 IAM 1965 Re-establishment of an exist-

ing system which is inoperable.Janakpur Hardinath 3,600 2,200 10-15 IAM 1965

Janakpur Kamala 40,000 25,000 20-25 NG 1/ 1968 2/ 1/ Agreement signed with Mainland

China for assistance in con-struction of diversion worksand left side canal.

2/ Fifty per cent of Gross Com-manded Areae

Kosi Chatra 110,000 73,000 15 State of 1967Bihar, Tndia

IAM - Indian Aid Mission ha - hectaresNG - Nepal Government n.a. - not available

GCA - Gross Commanded Area

C. Planning Stage

IrrigableName of GCA Area

Zone Project (ha) (ha) Remarks

Seti Mohan 4,800 2,4L00 Pre-investment stu.dy under way. Constructionto be included in next Plan period.

Lumbini Banganga n.a. 5,200 Pre-investment study under w.ay. Constructionto be included in next Plan period.

Narayani Lottari 22,000 10,800 Second phase of Rapti River Project. Pre-investment study to be comoleted in 1965.Construction will not be commenced in nextPlan period.

Narayani Bagmati n.a. I20,000 Pre-investment study under way. Constructionto be started in next Plan period. Constructionwill take about six years. The barrage isexpected to serve as a bridge for the west toeast highway.

Mechi Hadia n.a. 2,400 Pre-investment study under -ay. Constructionto be included in next Plan period.

Note: The Nepal Government expects to have a Gross Commanded Area of at least 160,0C0 hectares under irriga-tion by the end ofthe next Five-Year Plan period (1969/7o). Total outlay for irrigation works durLng tihe next Plan period is estimatedto be about NRs 40 million. Actual expenditures For irrigation projects during the current Three-Year Plan period areestimated to be in the order of NRs 32 million.

GCA - Gross Commanded Areaha - hectares

n.a. - not available

Source: Nepal Government, Department of Irrigation c-IO F

- 78 - D-1

TABLE D-1

INDUSTRIES OPERATING OR UNDER CONSTRUCTIONAS OF rvARCH 1965

Operating Under Construction

Mechi Zone--------------------------------------------------------------------

Goyal Soap Works (Jhapa)

Kosi Zone…-----… --------------------------

Shree Hanumannagar Rice & Oil Terylene Factory (Biratnagar)MIll (Hanumannagar) Nepal National Industries

Shree Durga Rice & Oil Mill (Rangeli) (Biratnagar)Biratnagar Jute Mill Limited (Biratnagar) Dharan Electric Works (Dharan)Shree Raghupati Jute Mills Limited

(Biratnagar)The Juddha Match Factory Limited

(Biratnagar)Morang Sugar Mill Limited (Biratnagar)Plywood & Bobbing Company Limited

(Biratnagar)Asian Trading Corporation (Biratnagar)Hulas M4etal Craft Pvt. Limited

(Biratnagar)Ashok Textiles Limited (Terylene

Factory) (Biratnagar)Morang Hydro-Electric Supply Co.,

Limited (Biratnagar)Biratnagar Workshop Pvt. Limited

(Biratnagar)Shree Jugal Rice & Oil Mills (Biratnagar)Shree Achut Rice & Oil iMills Pvt. Limited

(Biratnagar)Shree Rangeli Mills & Flour M1ills

(Biratnagar)Shree Jagadish Rice & Flour Mills

(Biratnagar)Shree Guheswari Rice Oil Hidlls Limited

(Biratnagar)Shree Maheswari Rice IMill Limited

(Biratnagar)Shree Ashok Rice Mill (Biratnagar)Golchha Rice Oil & Flour Mill (Biratnagar)Nepal Manufacturers Co. Pvt. Limited

(Biratnagar)Shree Hanuman Industries (Biratnagar)Himalaya Works (Dharan)

- 79 - D-1p.2

Operating Under Construction

Sagrmatha Zone- -------------------.---------------

Agrawal Hatch Co. (Rajbiraj)Bajanj Rice i"iill (Saptari)B.B. Rice Oil M1ill (Saptari)Shree Ananda Kumar Rice & Oil lill

(Rajbiraj)

Janakpur Zone-----------------------------------…- ------------

Cigarette Factory (Janakpur)Shree Janaki Rice & Oil iAills Pvt.

Ltd. (Janakpur)Shree Kishore Rice Oil H7ill (Janakpur)

Ba gtai Zone…----------------------------------------------------------------

Nepal Tobacco Company (Kathmandu) Leather and Shoe Factory (Kathmandu)Rauniyar Soap Works (Kathmandu) Soltee Hotel (Kathmandu)The Concrete & Masonry Works Hotel De l'Annapurna (Kathmandu)

(Kathmandu) Brick Tile and Pipe Works (Ialitpur)Shidhi Thread Industries (Kathliandu) Leather Good Industry (Patan)Nepal Hosiery Works (Kathmandu) Calendering Sizing (Patan)Nimal Tooth Paste Works (Kathmandu) Wire Nail (Patan)Durga Maidas iill (Kathmandu) Survey Apparatus (Patan)Nepal Industrial Enterprises Pvt. Ltd. Lantern (Patan)

(Kathmandu) Glassware (Patan)Nepal Fruit Industries (Kathmandu) Hosiery (Patan)Nepal Chhata (Umbrella) Factory Brassware (Patan)

(Kathmandu)Cane & Bamboo Pvt. (Balaju)Nepal Foot Wear Pvt. Ltd. (Balaju)Nepal Distillery (Balaju)Balaju Yantra Shala Pvt. Ltd. (Balaju)Balaju Kastha Karyala (Balaju)Golcha Woolen Works (Balaju)Mahendra Soap Work (Lalitpur)Janhit Soap Karyala Pvt. Ltd. (Patan)Sheyer Bone Mills Pvt. Ltd. (Patan)R.B. Power Loom (Patan)Nepal Battery Industries Pvt. Ltd.

(Patan)Himalaya Electric Industries (Patan)Nepal Craft Pvt. Ltd. (Patan)Nepal Carpet Industry Pvt. Ltd. (Patan)Nepal Metal Furniture WForks (Patan)Saraswati Cloths Works (Patan)Danfe Boot Polish (Lalitpur)Jawalakhel Distillery (Patan)Swadeshi Peppermint Works (Lalitpur)

- 80 - D-1

p.30perating Under Construction

Naravani Zone---------------------------------------------------------

Saha Industries (Krishnagar) Cotton Mill (Simra)The Juddha Match Factory Limited Shriv Raj Match Factory (Krishnagar)

(Birganj)Nepal Cigarette Factory Ltd. (Birganj)Bhagban Shyam Sunder Soap Industries

(Birganj)Nepal Biscuit Industries (Birganj)Shree Kailash Rice & Oil Mill (Birganj)Shree Shankar Rice Mills (Birganj)Shree Laxmi Narayan Rice Mill (Birganj)Mahabir Rice Mills (Birganj)Shree Durga Rice Mills (Birganj)Mahabir Rice & Oil Mill (Birganj)Shree Padma Saw Mill (Simra)Sugar Factory Pvt. Ltd. (Birganj)Timber Corporation (Hitaura)National Soap Factory (Hitaura)Shree Ram Rice Oil 1Mill (Hitaura)Shree Narayani Rice Mill (Parsauni)Shree Rajeswori Rice Mill (Kalaiya)

Lumbini Zone---------------------------------------- ----------------------------

Shree Sher Chand Rice & Oil Aill Mahendra Sugar & General Industry(Bhairawa) (Bhairawa)

Gandak Zone-----------------------------------------------------------------

Nepal Match Co. Pvt. Ltd. (Pokhara)

Bheri Zone--------------------------------- --- --------------------------

Catachue Factory (Nepalganj) Bageswari Electric (Nepalganj)Nepalganj Match Factory (Nepalganj) Tara Sugar & General Industries

(Nepalganj)

- 81- D-2

TABLE D-2

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF SELECTED COW,1ODIr IES1961/62 TO 1963/64

Industr Unit 1961/62 1292 61963/64

Jute tons 14,870 15,089 17,015

Sugar maunds 48,087 50,932 43,092

Cigarettes 500 sticks 235,8831/ 220,1671/ 4 9 7 , 6 8 9 2/

Matches gross 305,700 405,983 387,247

~/ These figures understate actual production because the output ofone factory is not included.

2/ Figure includes expected production from Janakpur factory.

Source: Ministry of Economic Planning.

TABLE D-3

TOURISTS IN KATHMANDU

Monthly Quarterly AnnualYear Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Total

1957 1/115 185 210 171 180 118 163 138 162 185 220 140 510 469 463 545 1,987

1958 1/176 288 288 343 162 144 191 130 163 284 282 249 752 649 484 815 2,700

1959 /244 201 363 278 200 175 100 171 310 382 462 312 808 653 581 1,156 3,198

1960 /360 425 222 240 202 144 193 224 451 426 505 399 1,007 586 568 1,330 3,791

1961 1403 478 831 596 432 318 445 160 422 677 641 371 1,712 1,346 1,027 1,689 5,774

1962 489 596 787 829 486 237 440 284 328 616 590 497 1,872 1,552 1,052 1,703 6,179

1963 464 658 891 767 581 276 488 483 372 850 837 608 2,013 1,624 1,343 2,295 7,275

1964 668 795 1,124 921 721 452 719 582 523 1,005 1,027 988 2,587 2,094 1,824 3,020 9,525

co

TOURISTS IN KATHMANDU ON DAILY AVERAGE

_ Monthly Quarterly 4t AnnualYear Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1st 2nd 3rd h Total

19571/ 3.7 6.6 6.8 5.7 5.8 3.9 5.2 4.5 5.4 5.9 7.3 4-5 5.7 5.1 5.0 5.9 5.4

19581- 5.7 10.2 9.3 11.2 5.2 4,8 6.2 4.1 5.4 9.2 9.4 8.0 8.4 7.1 5.2 8.9 7.4

19591/ 7,9 7.2 11,7 9.3 6.5 5.8 3.2 4.5 10.3 12,0 15.4 10.1 8.7 7.2 6.3 12.5 8.7

19601/ 11.6 14.7 7.2 8.0 6.5 4.8 6.2 7.2 15,1 13.7 16.8 12.8 11.2 6.4 9.5 14.4 10.4

19611/ 14.7 20.6 28.7 20.8 13-8 10.4 14.4 5.2 14.0 21.8 21.4 12.0 21.7 15.0 11.2 18.4 10.5

1962 15.7 21.3 25.4 27.6 15.7 7.9 14.1 9.1 10.9 19.9 19.6 16.0 20.8 17.1 11.4 18.5 16.9

1963 15.0 23.5 28.7 25.5 19.0 9.u 15.7 15--6 12.4 '27.4 27.? i9.6 22.4 17.9 14.6 24.9 19.9

1964 21.5 28.4 36.3 30.7 23.3 15.1 28.7 23.0

1/ Does not include those arriving by land routes.

Source: Government of Nepal, Tourist Information Center.

- 83 - D-4

TABLE D-4

HOTEL FACILITIES IN KATHMANDU

PresentName of Hotel Rooms Beds Notes

Coronation 20 31 Will c:lose at end of1964/65 season.

Green 14 22Himalaya 10 15Imperial 16 22New Valley 6 12Panorama 14 27Paras 14 28Royal 39 70Shanker 24 45 Opened November 1964.Snow View 38 58 Opened new annex October 1964.

Total 195 330

PLANNED EXPANSION 1965/66

L'Annapurna 60 120 Planned for opening September1965

Shanker 20 35 Planned for opening Spring 1966Soltee 150 230 Estimated opening December 1966

Total 230 385

Expected TotalDecember 1966 405 684

- 84 -

TABLE D-5

RETAIL PRICE OF AUTOIOTIVE GASOLINEIN DIFFERENT LOCALITIES 1IITHIN NEPAL JULY 1964

NRs per gELllon

1. Kathmandua u....... 7/07

2. Biratnagar ........ 6/36

3. Birganj ......... 6/43

4. Bhairawa . . . . . . . . . 7/20

5. Bhadrapur .. J * e e '7/-

6. Nepalganj . . . . . . . . . 8/50

7. Rajbiraj . . . . . . . . . 7/60

8. Pokhara . . . . . . . . . . 19/26

9. Hitaura . . . . . . . . . . 6/88

10. Amlekhganj . . . . . . . . 6/54

Source: Rastra Bank and Burmah Shell.

- 85 - E-1

TABLE E-1

LENGTH OF AND TRAFFIC ON EXISTING RQADS A1@ ROADS UI1DER COGNSTRUCTION(As of December 1964)

_Length in MilesGravelled Traffic

Black- or Without Veh.icloes1. Existina Permanent Roads Total Topped M4etalled Pavement _er Day

Birganj-Bhainse 46 25 21 _ 150-200Bhainse-Kathmandu 82 82 - - 132-175Bhainse-Bimphedi 7 - 7 - 2-3Hitaura-Narayanghat 52 - 52 - 12-15Kathmandu-Trisuli 44 2 6 36 65-75Kathmandu-Godaveri 8 3 5 - -Kathmandu-Bakthapur 8 6 2 --

Jogbani-Dharan 31 31 - _ 60-70Bhairawa-Indian Border 3 3 _ -Nepalganj-Indian Border 3 3 - -

Sub-total 284 155 93 3-6

2. Permanent Road under Construction

Extension Hitaura-Narayanghat(U.S. Aid) 4 - 4 - _

Adabar Lalbhitti (U.S.S.R. Aid) 65 65 - - -Lalbhitti-Janakpur (U.S.S.R. Aid) 19 19 - - -Kathmandu-Dashenkali (Indian Aid) 10 10 - - -Kathmandu-Balaju (Indian Aid) 2 2 - - -Kathmandu-Kodari (Chinese Aid) 64 - 64 - To Banepa

30-4Sunauli-Butwal (Indian Aid) 17 17 - - 22-35Butwal-Pokhara (Indian Aid) 111 111 - - -Fatehpur-Hanumannagar (Indian Aid) 19 19 - - -Hanumannagar-Rajbiraj (Indian Aid) 8 8 - - -Rajbiraj-Kunauli (HMG) 7 7 - - -Janakpur-Jaleswar (HMG) 13 13 _ _ _

Sub-total 339 271 68 _

3. Black-toppina of the Amlekhanz-Bhainse Road +21 -21

Gross Total 623 447 140 __6

Note: This inventory does not include:

1) Roads or streets inside towns, particularly Kathmandu and Valley.2) Non-permanent roads, and even some permanent roads, whose pave-

ment is incomplete (Nepalganj-Chatar for example).3) Roads under construction for which there is no evidence they will

be entirely completed (for example, the Birganj-Kailaiya Road)without special new commitment.

Source: Government of Nepal, Roads Department, plus personal inspection bythe Mission.

- 86- E-2

TABLE E-2

INVENTORY OF EXISTING ROADS AND ROADS UNDER CONSTRUCTIONAS OF DECEMBER, i964

(Giving length, technical characterist-ics,present conditions, traffic and cost.)

Existing Roads:

Sheet 2 . . . . . . Jogbani-Dharan3 . . . . . . Birganj to Amlekhganj by way of Simra4 . . . . . . Amlekhganj-Bhainse by way of Hitaura5 . . . . . . Hitaura-Narayanghat (Rapti Valley Road)6 . . . . . . Bhainse-Bimphedi7.. . . . . . . Bhainse-Kathmandu (Tribuwan Rajpath)8 . . . . . . Kathmandu-Trisuli9 . . . . . . Sunauli-Butwal by way of Bhairuu

Roads under Construction:

Sheet 10 . . . . . . Adhabar-Janakpur by way of Lalbhitti11 . . . . . . Kathmandu-Kodari by way of Banepa, Dulikhel,

Panchkal12 . . . . . . Butwal-Pokhara by way of Tansen.

Note: The traffic is given in number of vehicles/day; these figuresare more accurately monthly figures divided by 30, or annualfigure divided by 360.

-87- E-2

1. Jogbani - Dharan.

2. Length 31 miles.

3. Junction from Dharan (important market place and British recruitingcenter) to the Indian border.

4. Road completed by the British army 1959 (?)

5. Technical characteristics:

North-South road in the Terai and flat forest slopes andcurves, very good.

Formation: 32'

Pavement: Macadam and black top 12' width. Two lanes forthe bullock carts 10' wide in natural soil.

Works: Culverts and 2 bridges (one in wood).

6. Present Condition: Good, but one bridge in the forest washed out.

7. Maintenance: By the British army.

8. Traffic: (60-70) vehicles/day.

9. Cost: not available

-88- E-2

1. Birganj to Amlekhganj by way of Simra.

2. Length (25) miles.

3. First part of the road to Kathmandu, from the border to the foothill.

4. Old road but present alignment achieved 1962.


North-South road in the Terai and flat forest.

Curves - slopes very good.

Formation: 32'

Pavement: Macadam and black top 12'

Soil: Birganj-Simra silt (ricefields). 'Simra-Amlekhganj, sandand gravel (forest).

Works: About 40 culverts and 1 bridge for the whole road.

6. Present Condition: Pavement too thin from Birgani to Simra - holes.Good condition from Simra to Amlekhganj.

7. Maintenance: By Western Terai Division.

8. Traffic: 200 vehicles/day at Birganj.

-89 - E-2

1. Amlekhganj - Bhainse by way of Hitaura.

2. Length 21 miles. Hitaura-Bhainse 6 miles.

3. Second part of the road from India to Kathmandu.

4. New alignment achieved 1962. Black topping startecl November 1964.


Valley road in the hills, ifith a pass at Churai to cross theSiwalikX Range.

Curves and slopes - good in general.

Formation: 32' going down to 26' in certain places.

Pavement: presently gravel road; macadam and coating 20' iwidthand 2' thick in progress.

Soil: Gravel and sand (forest).

Wllorks: 5.5 culverts/mile.90 run. feet bridges/mile. 1 causcwayfor the whole road.

6. Present conditions: Presently graveled road, good. One difficult pointat the Churia pass, deep cut with slides during the rainy season.

7. Maintenance: By the Western Terai division.

8. Traffic: 120-150 vehicles day at Bhainse.

9. Cost of pavement and improvement: 7,100,000 NRs. for the whole road.

90 - E-2

P.5

1. Hitaura Narayanghat (Rapti Valley Road)

2. Length 52 miles, + 4 miles of linkage to the new f'erry.

3. Part of the East-Wlrlest Highway.

4. Road completed 1959; rehabilitated and improved 1963-65 by the WesternTerai Division.


Valley Road

Slopes and curves - good

Formation 32'

Pavement gravel road

Soil: Sand and gravel (forest) and silt (ricefield)

Works: 5 culverts/miles; 3 big causeways for the whole road.

6. Present Condition: Very good.

7. Maintenance: By the Western Terai division with mechanical means.

8. Traffic: 12-15 vehicles/day (from check point Hitaura and personalinspection).

9. Cost of rehabilitation and improvement: 1,800,000 NCRs. for the wholeroad.

-91 - E-2

3. Bhainzr - Rimplhedi.

2. Length 7 miles.

3. Valley road in cul-de-sac, in a straight line to Kathmandu and along t.heropeway-Hitaura-Kat+hmandu.

Old Nepalese road.


Vallcoy road in the mount-in.

.lopes and cuirves: sharp.

6. Present conditions - poor

7. Maintenance almost nothing.

8. Traffic (2.5) vehiclesYday.

9. Cost: not available

-92 - E-2p.7

1. Bhainse - Kathmandu (Tribuwan Rajpath)

2. Length- R2 miles from Kathmandu to Bhainse. Tribuwan Rajpath (Tangkot-Bhainse).

3. Last part of the road from the Indian border to Kathmandu.

4. Road completed 1956 by the Indian Army improved and repaired up to 1960.

5. Technical chara-teristics:

Mountain road - slides.

Slopes: in general less than 5%, but up to 10% in certain places.

Curves: sharp and often without visibility.

Formation: 121 to 25'

Pavemiient: Macadam and premix carpet on the wfhoc width of theformation.

Soil: Soft rock, gravel, clay.

Wcrks: 6 to 7 culverts/miles. 20 to 100 running feet causeways permile. 5 bridges for the whole road.

6. Present condition: Poor during the rainy season due to the slides; good atthe end of the dry season.

7. Maintenance: By the Indian Aid JMission; payment by the Nepalese Govcrn-ment. Cost yearly 9,000 NC/milis for th^ Tribuwan Rajpath.

8. Traffic: Presently (Dec. 1964): 5-ton trucks and buses 120-160/day.jeeps, cars . . . . . 12-15/ day.

December is an average month of the year.

9. Cost: Tribuwan Rajpath (Tangkot-Bhainse) up to 1956: 780,000 NRs./mileimprovement and maintenante 1956-63: 110,000 NKs./mile

890,000 NRs./mile

- 93 - E-2

1. Kathmandu-Trisuli.

2. Length 44 miles.

3. Junction from the rich Trisuli Valley and Nawakot area to Kathmandu.

4. IRoad built by RTO and achieved 1962.


Mlountain road

Soil: earth and gravel

Slopes and curves medium

Formation: 21i' to 32'

Pave~;ient: Black topped 2 miles, gravel 6 miles, but earth workwiithout pavement on the left.

IJorks: 14asonry work

6. Present condition: Pretty poor.

7. Maintenance: By the Trisuli IIydel project.

8. Traffic: Dry season, 5-ton trucks: 50-60/days. 3-ton trucks: 6/days.Jeeps, cars: 10/days. Raiiry season Lho to 50' of the preceding figures.

9. Cost price: 190,000 NCfls./miles (from RlT0 paper)i.e. 25,000 US$/ miles.

- 94 E-2p.9

1. Sunauli - Butwal by way of Bhairawa.

2. Length 17 miles - Bhairawa - Sunauli = 3 miles.

3. First part of the Sunauli-Pokhara road; link between the important marketplace of Butwal and the Indian border.

14. Old road replaced by a raod aligned by the RTO and built 1959/63 but un-completed. The RTO road must be completed by the Indian aid, at the sametime as the whole Sunauli-Pokhara road. IlWork by Indian aid started November1964; completion expected 1966.

5. Technical characteristics after completion by Indian aid:

North-South Terai and flat forest road

Slopes-curves very good.

Formation 32'

Pavement: Macadam with pre-mix carpet 3/4" thick and 20' wide.

Soil: silt in the Terai (ricefields); sand near Butwal (forest).

Works: 6 drainage pipes/mile and 12 run.feet culvert/mile.

6. Present condition: RTO carried out the earthwork and drainage system(only one culvert has been washed out) boulder and macadam partiallycompleted, but in very poor condition, due to the incompletion andlack of maintenance.

7. No maintenance.

8. Traffic 30-h0 vehicles/day in dry season; 20-25 in rainy season.

9. Cost by RTO : not available

Anticipated cost of completion by Indian Aid 136.000 NRs./mile, 18,000US$/mile.

95 E-2p.10

1. Adhabar - Janakpur by way of Lalbhitti.

2. Length: 84 miles, Adhabar-Lallbitti 65 miles, Lallbhitti-Janakpur 19 miles.

3. From Adhabar (junction with the Birganj-Amlekhganj road) up to Lallbhittipart of the East4-est Highway. From Lallbitti to Janakpur North-Southroad, part of the Janakpur-Kathmandu road.

It. The road must be built with the help of the Russian Aid. The agreementdoesn't indicate the date of termination. The survey is in progress;the achievement will probably take place at the end of 1967.

5. Technical characteristics:(from the Highway Department).

Road in the plain and the forests.

Radii of curves min. 250 m. (830:).

Maximum longitudinal grade 5%.

Formation: 8.5 m. (28').

Pavement: Macadam and black top on 3.6m. (12').

Soil: Sand, gravel in. some places.

Works: Culverts and causeways.

6. Present Conditions: The Western Terai Division opened a dry season trackparallel to the road; it is used as a service road. The new alignmentis somewhat different; it lies entirely in the forest.

7. No maintenance.

8. No traffic.

9. Cost unknown.

-96 - i-2p .11

1. Kathmandu - Kodari by way of Banepa, Dulikhel, Panchkal.

2. Length 65 miles (104 km.) from junction with Kathmandu Baktapur road(near Baktapur) to the border.

3. Liaison Kathmandu-Tibetan border.

L!. Road under construction with the help of Chinese Aid; begun 1963; com-pletion expected 1967.


Mountain road; along a valley on 45 miles.

Slopes: max. 6%; however, 8% in 97 places for a total lengthof 3.8 km.

Curves: minimum radius 20 metres (67'): number 13. 872 curvesfor the whole road.

Formation width: 251 over 27 km.21½? over 73 km.15' over 4 km.

Earthwork: 50 m3/m. 35% rocky.

Pavement: Gravel 7 lkm.Clay bound gravel 62 km.Clay bound macadam 35 km.

Soil: Gravel and rocks.

Wlork: Culverts: 5/km. id est. 8/miles.Bridges: 9.3 run.m./kgn. id. est. 50 run. ft./miles.

6. Present condition: Baktapur to Dulikhel; the existing old road willbe replaced by the new one. This old road is not maintained and isin very poor condition. From Dulikhel to the border the whole road.is newt and will be jeepable in January 1965.

8. Traffic Kathmandu-Banepa: daily trucks 25-30 per day, jeeps and cars 5-10per day.

9. Cost of construction anticipated 1,220,000 NC/milesid. 160,000 US$/mile.

97 - E-2p 12

1. Butwal - Pokhara by way of Tansen.

2. Length: l1 miles. Junction to Tansen (2 miles) 2]. niles from Butwal .

3. Liaison of the rich Tansen-Pokhara area with the Terai and (road Butwal.Sunauli) the Indian border.

4. Road to be constructed by the Indian Aid - Work started Nov. 1964, completionexpected December 1968.


Mountain roadSlope max. 5%.Curves min. normal 100'

min, absolute 60'Formation 20'Pavement: Macadam and 3/4' pre-mix carpet 20' wide.Soil: earth gravel and rocks.Works: culvert 7/mile

bridges l run.feet/milecauseway'.10 run, feet/mile.

6. Present condition:

Footpath; the road has been started by RTO by 16 miles from Pokhara, butthe slides and washing out has destroyed almost everything.

7. No maintenance.

8. Present human back traffic Butwal-Tansen 100- 20 0 T/daY.

9. Cost of construction (anticipated) 1,280,00 NC Miles

id. 170,000 US $./mile.

- 98 - E-3

p. 1

TABLE E-3

ANALYSIS OF THE ROADS DEPARTPIENT BUDGET(Fiscal Year: July 15, 1964 - July 15, :1965)

Maintenance NewSub-total of Roads Works

Chapter 1 - Runnina Costs

1.1. Central Office

Salaries; travellingand daily allowances 141,000

Maintenance of centraloffice building 20,000

Tools 3,000

Miscellaneous and con-tingencies 38,000

Sub-total 202,000

Road cess assigned tomaintenance of TribuwanRajpath 600,000 600,000

Sub-total 1.1. 802,000 600,000

1.2. Five Divisions

Staff salaries; travellingand daily allowances 419,000

Rent and taxes 24,000

Maintenance of roads 390,000 390,000

Tools 5,000

Motorcycles 30,000

Miscellaneous and con-tingencies 60.000 -

Sub-total 1.2. 928,000 390,000

E-3- 99 - p.2

Maintenance NewSub-total of Roads Works

1.3. Eight Sub-divisions

Staff salaries; travellingand daily allowances 322,000

Rent and taxes 23,000

M4aintenance of roads 59,000 59,000

Miscellaneous and con-tingencies 31.000

Sub-total 1.3. 435,000 59,000

1.4. Heavy Fo1uiiment Division

Salaries; travelling anddaily allowances 149,000

Rents 3,000

Maintenance 1,000

Gasoline and fuel 85,000 85,000

Tools and spare parts 75,000 75,000

Miscellaneous 9,QQ

Sub-total 1.4. 322,000 160,000

Total Chapter 1 2,487,000

2. Clearing Up of RTO Account 443,000

3. Road Construction: 19,075,500 19,075,000(see details in TableNo. E-4)

4. Bridge Construction: _ 2.005.000 2,005.000(see details in TableNo. E-4)

GRAND TCTAL 24,010,500

of which:Maintenance of roads 1,209,000New works on roads 21,080,500

- 100 - E-b

TABLE E-4

DETAILS OF THE BUDGET OF THE ROADS DEPARTMENT (NEW WORKS ONLY)

JULY 1963-JULY 1964 AND JULY 1964-JULY 1965

July 1963 to July 1964 July 1964Budget Amount ActuLl Expendi- to July 1965

Operation NRs tures -. NRs Budget AmountNRs

1. Roads

Rajbiraj Kanali 450,000 85,323 700,000Rajbiraj Tribuwan Chowk - - 300,000Birgunj Kaliya 225,000 1.53,344 389,000Keshar Mahal-Naxal Road 900,000 484,114 _Jaleswar Janakpur 127,000 76,784 63,000Taulihawa Kunwa 373,000 250,855 391,000Improvements of roads inthe Katbmandu Valley 493,000 4.12,885 596,000

Rapti Valley Road 989,000 1,332,165 1,380,000Raxaul Bhainse Road 3,595,000 1,912,588 3,000t000Adabar Janakpur 400,000Kodari Road 10,600,000E-W Highway 300,000Miscellaneous 122.000 37 956.000

TOTAL. 8l660000 5.7QL295 192075Q000

2. Bridges

Bagmati Gauchar 340,000 205,106 400,0006 bridges in the Kath-mandu Valley 125,000

Narayani Ferry 118,000 400,000Suspension Bridges 400,000 190,767 600,000Bhainse Bimphedi Bridge 260,000 50,971 260,000Palpa Riddhi ( 4 b-ldges) 400,000 190,887 200,000Miscellaneous _ _ 20.000

TOTAL 1.518.000 637.7il 2.005.000

3. u54ding Constructiot

Central FWD Bui2dUlg andcentral,motor garage 137,000 93,818

Hitaura office godown 401,000 401,534Miscellaneous 631.000 52_7_951

TOTAL 1,149,000 _________

GRAMD TOTL. 11.153.000 26 21.080.000

TABLE E-5

RQAD CESS RATES AND COLLECTION

Road cess are road-use taxes or tolls which have been levied on vehicles using the main roads inNepal. Since July 1961, the Road Department has been in charge of the road cess organization. The moneycollected is sent directly to the Minister of Finance and credited to the General Fund. However, theRoad Department receives month by month the records of actual collections. Nepal Government vehicles areexempt from the cess. Vehicles belonging to the countries which donated segments of roads are exemptedfrom paying road cess on that segment of road.

Theoretical Rate on which the Road Cess is Calculated in NRs per Mile

Type of Road Jeep Car Passenger Bus <l T Truck (3 T Truck >3 T Bullock Cart

1. Permanent 0.30 0.38 0.53 0.60 0.122. Improved 0.23 0.30 0.45 0.53 0.123. Unimproved 0.15 0.23 0.38 0.45 0.12

Tax collected in NRs Gross Revenues in NRs0Actual Theoretical Passenger Truck Truck July 1962- July 1963-

Road Length Length Mile Jeep Car Bus -Zl T < 3 T JUly 1963 July 1964

Jaleswar Janakpur 13 13 1.95 2.99 4.95 5.85 28,833 34,721

Sunauli Butwal 17 17 3.91 5.10 7.65 9.01 108,358 117,727

Biratnagar Dharan 31 29 8.70 11.2 15.37 17-4 328;977 408,630

Tribuwan Rajpath 72 77 23.10 29.26 40.81 46.20 1,653,457 1,536,613

Hitaura Narayangath 52 50 15 19 26.50 30 527,210 524,118

Koilabas 18 12,525 17,237

Bakthaptr Banepa 9 19,904 19,844

Birganj Bhainse 46 1.264.754 1.436.550

Total 3.944.018 4.095.440

- 102 - E-6

TABLE E-6

ANNUAL ROAD CESS COLIECTIONS ON THETRIBUWAN RAJPATH 1956/57-1963/64

Nepalese Gregorian Earnings inYears Years NRs

2013-2014 July/56-July/57 204,500

2014-2015 July/57-July/58 431,000

2015-2016 July/58-July/59 605,500

2016-2017 July/59-July/60 731,500

2017-2018 July/60-July/61 1,239,500

2018-2019 July/61-July/62 1,222,500

2019-2020 July/62-July/63 1,653,500

2020-2021 July/63-July/64 1,536,500

TABIE E-7

RUNNING COST OF THE ROAD CESS DEPOTS

JULY 1963-JULY 1964

Cost of (in NRs)Repairs, Per Cent

Salary and Rent Furniture ofDepots Allowances Stationary and Tax and Others Total Earnings

Jaleswar 12,850 410 1,396 14,656 42

Sunauli 11,291 1s200 19560 1,000 15,051 13

Biratnagar 10,233 1,000 2,700 550 14,483 3.5

Tribuwan Rajpath 6,831 1,300 200 200 8,531 0.5

Hitaura 11,411 1,350 11,410 2,400 26,571 5

Koilabas

Bakthapur 3,266 300 191 400 4,157 20

Birganj and Amlekhganj 11,492 1,300 1,400 3,000 17.192 1.2

Total 100.641 _26

- 104- E-8

TABLE E-8

BASIC CONSTRUCTION PRICES OBTAINED FRCM

EXISTING LARGE WORK PROJECTS AS OF 1964

Unit Price PriceBy By

Description Unit Contractor W.T.D.

Clearing and Grubbing including cutting of trees, (Note 1) (Note 2)burning and removal of spoil materials from Site.

Hectare NRs 750/- 2,800

UnclassifiejExcavation, including haulage to anydistance, placing, spreading in layers of notmore than 20 cm, watering and compacting ofembankment to the specified density and levels. Cub. met. 10/- 6.1

Subbase courses composed of selected pitrunmaterial hauled from any distance, placed, spread,watered, and compacted in layers of not more than20 cm to the specified density and levels. Cub. met. 40 50

Base course composed of graded crushed aggregateshauled from any distance, placed, spread, wateredand compacted to the specified density and levels. Cub, met. 80

Prime coat consisting of an application of R.C. 2Cutback at the rate of 1.5 kg/m2 on the preparedbase course. Ton 1435/-

Bituminous surface courses of hot mixed and spreadAsphalt Concrete in two-layers:

I) Binder Course 4.5 cm thick Ton 125II) Wearing Course 3:0 cm thick Ton 138

Bituminous material consisting of 80/100 penetra-tion straight run bitumen used in the hot AsphaltConcrete. Ton 900

Asphalt pavement 2" thick after compaction, 112Pounds asphalt/100 Sq. Ft. spread in 2 times,allincluded. Sq. met. - 14.9

P.C. Concrete in slabs of Apron 28 cm thick. Cub. met. 375 330

Note: These are the prices applicable or calculated from the pricelist:

(l) for a large contract in Kathmandu (New Airport Rtunway)about NRs. 20 million,

(2) by the W;Testern Terai Division of Ilitaura for improve-ment works on the Rapti Valley and Amlekhganj-Bhainseroad, about NRs. 9 million.

- 105 - E-9

TABLE E-9

CCST OF ROAD MhINTEiNANCE

Tribuwan RaJpath

Cost of annual maintenance-'/ 9,000 NRs/Hile.

This cost includes the repairs of slides and carpet but does notinclude the general renewing of carpet (after 7-10 years).

Road Biraan1-Bhainse and RaDti Vallev Road (WTD)

From a study of WTD, it is asked for the maintenace of both the RaptiValley Road (gravelled 52 miles) and the Birganj-Bhainse Road (46 milesasphalted) the following budget per mile:

Bridge maintenance 1,000 NRs/!4ileHand maintenance 2,680 NRs414ileMachine maintenance 9,600 MRs/Mile

13,280 NRs/Mile

This does not include the renewing of the bituminous carpet Birganj-Bhainse.

Tn Indian Province of Bihar

It is considered that a normal annual allocation for maintenance oftwo coats surface dressing,including the renewing, would be:

Single lane 6,400 NRs/MileDouble lane 11,200 NRs/Iile

and for a water-bound macadam surface 4,800 NRs/Mile.

From the Director of Road Department of Nepal

It is expected a gravel road may be maintained properly in normalconditions for 5,000 MRs/Mile.

v/ From the Indian Aid M4ission.

- 106 - E-10

TABLE E-10

COST OF TRANSPORTING GASOLINE TIN TANK TRUCKSON THE TRIBUWAN RAJPATH JULY 1964

1. Raxaul to Birganj I.C. Rs. 79/- per kl. .57 N.C. per gal.

2. Birganj to Amlekhganj I.C. Rs. 26/- per kl. .18 N.C. per gal.

3. Amlekhganj to Hetauda I.C. Rs. 59/- per kl. = .43 N.C. per gal.

4. Raxaul to Amlekhgaaxj I.C. Rs. 17/- per kl. - .12 N.C. per gal.

5. Raxaul to Hetauda I.C. Rs. 26/- per kl. .18 N.C. per gal.

6. Raxaul to Kathmandu I.C. Rs. 79/- per kl. - .57 N.C. per gal.

1 kl. = 220 gallons.

Note: The rates quoted above appear to be grossly inconsistent(i.e., it costs less to go 40 km. from Raxaul to Amlekhganjthan to go 4 km. from Raxaul to Birganj. The principalinconsistencies are in lines 1 and 3. The Raxaul-Kathmandurate shown here has been confirmed from other sources. Theserates may, however, be the charges actually quoted by thetrucking industry.

Source: Burmah Shell, Kathmandu.

- 107 - E-ll

TABLE E-ll

PRICES CF TRANSPORT

Trip Price of Cost of Trans-Duration Porter in Distance port in NRsin days Nis ner day in Miles _er ton/mile

Porters

Butwal-Pokhara NRs 32 for 80 lbs. 6 5.3 65 13.3Butwal-Tensing NRs 16 per maund 17 25Narayanghat-Bandipur NRs 16 permaund 2 8 24 18

Central Hills NRs 8-15 per day 8-15Kathmandu Valley, colleotion of

milk NRs 1.5 for-40 lbs. 4 21Jiri-Kathmandu NRs 40 for 30 kg.

(dairy) 7 5.7 76 17.5Jiri-Janakpur NRa 1 per kg. 7 5.7 75 13.5Dharan-Dhankuta NRs 15 per maund

wet season 16 25Dharan-Dhankuta NRa 10 per maunddry season 1.25 8 16 17

Taplejung-Ilam NRs 40 per maund(potatoes) 42 26

Ilam-Maney Banjyang NRs 8 permaund 15 14.4

Bullock Carts

Sugar from field to factory(Bhairawa Area) NRs 8 for16 maunds 10 1.4 /

Jute fields to Biratnagar factoryNRs 2 per maund wet season 10 5.4

Jute fields to Biratnagar NRs 1.6per maund dry season 10 4.3

Sanicheri-Bhadrapur NRa 2.5 permaund wet season 14 4,.8

Sanicheri-Bhadrapur NRs 2 permaund dry season 14 3.8

Dbaran-Jogbani NRs 35.5 for16 maunds 31 2

Kailali District NRs 0.15 permaund x mile 4

Pony-MulesNepalganj-Dang Valley NRs 24 for

2 maunds 50 6.5Butwal-Pokhara NRs 1-2 for 5 lbs.

dry season 65 6.8-13.6

Trucks

Rangeli-Biratnagar NRs 0.8 permaund dry season 14 1.55

Bhairawa-Butwal NRs 120 for 150 maunds 14 1.53and NRs 1.60 for 100 kg. 14 1.14

Biratnagar-Dharan NRs 1.6 per maund 31 1.38Raxaul-Kathmandu NRs 5-6 per maund 128 1.06-1.26

NRs 180-200 per ton 128 1.4-1.56Hitaura Area-Katbmandu (wood fuel)

NRs 5 per maund 90 1.5Katbmandu-Calcutta (cheese) NRa 300/t. 631 0.48Automobile gasoline Raxaul-Kathmandu

NRs 0.57 per gallon 128 1.12

/ This is based on an assumed average distance which may or may not beaccepted.

Source: Collected from many sources by the Nepal Transport Mission.

- 108 - E-12p. 1

TABLE E-12

RUNNING COST OF A TRUCK IN NEPAL

Tata Mercedes 5 tons, December 1964

1. Basic Prices and Data

Cost of purchase of the truck . . . . . . 39,000 ICRS, i.e. 62,500 NRsof which duties: 8,000 NRstransport in Nepal and sale: 10%

Cost of purchase of the tires+. . . ... ... each 950 NRsof which duties: 85 NRstransport and sale inside Nepal: 10%

Gas oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gallon 5.5 NRsof which taxes: 1 NR/gallonaverage transport and sale inside

Nepal: 0.50 NR/gallon

Driver - Basic salary and allowances . . . . . . 300-400 NRs/month

Helper . . * ........ .. . . . 0100 NRs/month

Insurance of the truck . . . . . . . . . . . 1,600-1,800 NRs/year

Road Cess . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . 0.60 NR/mile truck

It is assumed that an organization running 10 trucks has expensesfor management, commercial centers, garage and offices of NRs 40,000 per

year, or NRs 4,000 per truck. Each truck is supposed to be run 30,000miles a year which is a good, but possible, performance in Nepal.

2. Price Cost of a Truck Transport

We split up the prices in three parts:

The first one is the part in foreign currency.The second one is the part which goes to the Government Budget.The third one is the part which-remains in Nepal in private hands.

-109 - E-12p.2

COST OF T-AUCK TRANSPORTATION IN TE1TI COMNDITIONS.(or good road conditions)

_ost in il};sTotal Foreign Taxes ILemaining

Per truck mile otal ,urrency (1) (2) in Nepal (3)

Gas and oil - (1 Imp. Gal. for 13 miess 0.42 0.30 o.n8 0.0oLubrication at 20% of the preceding 0.08 0.06 0.&l 0.01Tires - 7 for 25,000 miles 0.27 C.23 0.02 0.02Depreciation 200,000 miles 0.31 0.2h 0.ol 0.03Maintenance and repairs* 0.30 0.14 0.01 0.15Road Cess o.6 - 0.60

aer yerert1.98 0.97 0.76 0.25Per year per truck

Dr'ive±r and Help 5,700 5,700Insurance*- 1,800 1,020 320 460Management Garage 4,000 400 3,6ooInterest of Investment 5,000 5,000

per year 16,500 1,020 720 14,760

i.e. on 30,000 miles, per mile b) 0.55 0.03 0.03 n. ,Q

Cost of one truck x mile a) + b) 2.53 1 0.79 0.?7

Cost of one ton x mile:

load 150 maunds; average loadingrate 0.5 0.92

Percentage of total truck transport 100 40 31 29

cost

COST OF TRUCK TRANSPORTATI3N IN MOUNTAIN CONDITIONS (TRIDT'.IAN_!,AJPATH)

Per truck mile

Gas and oil- (lImp.Gal.for 10- miles) 0.55 0.40 0.10 0.05Lubrication at 20% of the preceding 0.11 0.08 0.02 0.01Tires 7 for 20,000 mil.es 0.33 0.27 0.03 0.03Depreciation 150,000 miles C.42 0.33 0.05 0.0Ln

Maintenance and Lepairs* o.L0 0.21 0.01 0.18Road Cess 0.60 o.60

Total a) 2.41 1.29 0.81 0.31

Fixed annual expenses same as forTerai conditions: Total b) 0.55 0.03 0.03 0.49

Cost of truck mile a) + b) 2.96 1.32 o.84 0.80

Cost of one ton x mile:load 125 maunds; avge. loading rate 0 1.3

Percentage of the truck transp. cost 10O 44 29 27

* 40% manpojer (3); the remainder (spare parts) 10;-' sale inside NJepal, and 5-;j custom.

10, i05 benefit foreign currency (1); 10% benefit in Nepal (3); 105 taxes (2); 10%staff labor (3); the remainder split up as a new car (depreciation).

TABLE E-13

REGISTRATION OF MDTOR VEHICLES IN NEPAL BY LOCATION AND TYPE AS OF JULY 1964

Place of Private Cars Passenger Motor- Total includingRegistration and Jeeps Taxis Trucks Buses Others Total ceycles Motorcycles

Kathmandu 1,973 278 886 240 150 3,527 1,079 4,606

Bhairawa 49 5 69 46 U 180 6 186

Jhapa 20 - 54 - - 74 2 76

Narayani 17 141 - 15 173 - 173

Pokhara 8 - 3 - - 11 - 11

Shivaraj 6 _ 1 3 14 24 - 24

Kailali 2 1 - - - 3 - 3

Sagarmatha 1 1 1 - 1 4 2 6 0

Dang 1 - 6 1 - 8 - 8

Total 2$077 285 1.161 290 191 L.004 1Lo 9

Non-governmentvehicles 1,752 285 924 259 191 3,411 1,052 4,463

Governmentvehicles 325 237 31 37 630

Total 2.077 2 1.161 20 191 4.LQO 1.084 5,c9

Source: Collected by the Roads Department. Data appear quite good based on personal checking of localrecords in Kathmandu Police Department, Bhairawa and Pokhara. However, some of the registeredvehicles may be out of use. These data do not include Indian vehicles licensed for operationin Nepal.

TABLE E-14

PRINCIPAL JUNCTIONS 3ETWEE13 NEPAL ANT) INDIAN TRAiiSPORrATION SYSTEITS(As of Deceisber 1964)

N EP A L I N D I A

Corresponding Road Facilities _ Railway FacilitiesBorder Point Road Facilities Railway Indian townl _ffstance _'_Di,3tance i61Facilities Type in miles Type Gauge kilometers to

rrom Calcutta Delhi CalcuttaBramadeo-Iandi Dry season road no Mahakali River Tanakpur Permanent and as- Station Meter 373(Mahendranagar) must be crossed. phalted road. _ _Danghari Dry season road no Gauri Phanta Permanent road 44

under construction.Rajapur 7 no Kauriala River Kauriala Ghat No road. 4 , 56

must be crossed.Rajapur ? no Karnali River Katharnian Ghat No road. n 735

must be crossed.Nepalganj - Permanent and as- no Nepalganj Road Permanent and 657 n 687phalted road. asphalted road. _Koilabas Jeepable dry season no Raniganj (Permanent road) 627 670

_road.

Krishnanagar Dry season road. no Barhni Permanent road 613 n 679

Taulihava ? no Chandapar (Permanent road) l I' 706

Bhairawa Permanent and asphalt- no Nautanwa Permanent road. 593 n 791ed road.Tribenighat Dry season road. no Ferry needed to Bhaisalotan Permanent road 556 Bagaha stn. 1, 260costhed Nraryani tan__Permanent_ __ road__556__Bagaha___stn_

Dry season track no Bhikna Thori motorable fo 26 M. Station " 1,21L4

Permaanent and as- Narro>w-gaugeBirganj phalted road. railway Raxaul to Raxaul National highway. 503 it 1,148 698Amlekhganj._

Jania no Chauradan Permanent road. 487 TF 675

Malangwa Dry season road. no Son Barsa Permanent road. 475 Station 647____ ____ ___ Sitamiarhi._ _ _ _Permarnent road underJaleswar construction. no Madhwapur Permanent road. No railway

Sirha Dry season track. Narrow-gauge Jaynagar Permanent road Station 616railway Jaynagar.- Janakpur.

Rsjbiraj uPemndercnst rocio.dauiDry weather road Station63Rajbiraj undermaonentruction no <Kunauli from Kunauli to Nirmali 653____________________ __________________ S~~~~~ ~~apthiahi (8 miles) _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ __ _ _ _ _

Biratnagar Permanent and as- no Jogbani permanent and as- 342 station 47phalted road. _ phalted road.Dry weather roadJhapa Dry season track no Dighalbank from Dighalbank to 315 llo railwayBahadur Qanj (12M) l

Badrapur Dry season track no echi River must Galgalia (Road not per) - Station Broad 5335atigh a tt a Dry seasonIroad. no Mchi River must anent) h g w y 5 5 _Satighatta Dry' season road, no Mechi River must Naksalbari National highway. 34~2 555_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - e r o s e . - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __b e_ _cr

o s s e d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __I _ _I I_

- 112 - E-14p. 2

Comments and Notes on the Table"Princiual Junctions between Nepal and Indian Transportation S_stem"

The data were collected:

a. from the Nepal Government, Roads Department;

b. by personal inspection;

c. from the Indian Government, Ministry of Transport, Road

Wing (New Delhi); and

d. for the State of Bihar, India, from the Chief Engineer

for Roads.

1. The data shown between parentheses are not certain.

2. In India, permanent roads are generally black-topped.

3. The Indian black-topped roads near the Nepal border generally

have single-lane pavement only.

4. The national highways are the best maintained roads in India.

5. The distances used for Indian roads have been read from the

General Yap of Roads in India; they are not necessarily

accurate.

6. The railway distances used have been supplied by the Railway

Board of India.

- 113 - E-15

TABLE E-15

LIST OF HEAVY EQUIPIvENT IN SERVICEABLE CONDITION, BELONGINGTO THE HITAUiRA AND KATHMANDU HEAVY EQUIPMENT DIVISIONS\OF

THE ROADS DEPARTiMENT, AS OF iiARCH 31, 1965

Hitaura Kathmandu Total

Dump Trucks 8 6 14

Water Tank Truck 2 2

Shovel on Pneumatic Tires 2 2 4

Bulldozer (Pneumatic Tires) 2 2

Bulldozer HT 15, HT 16 10 10

HZ 9, Hl 11 4 4

Turnapull (12 cut yards) 2 2

Scraper (10-12 cut yards) 7 1 8

IMbtorgrader 125 HP 2 1 3

Motorgrader HI 40 4 4

Steel WIheel Roller 6 10 16

Sheep Foot Roller 1 1

Multi-tire Roller 1 1 2

Compressor (MSobile) 4 4 8

Concrete Mixer 3 1 4

Stone Crusher 3 1 4

Piledriving Machine 1 1

Bitumen Sprayer (Hand) 1 1

Note: There is also some equipment (rollers in particular) in the sub-divisions, but the Miission was unable to discover their kind,number or condition.

- 114 - E-16

TABLE ,16

ESTIMvATED REPLACEMENT COST OF PRESENT VEHICLESNOW IN USE

Rough Estimate Based on the Present Fleet of Re istered Vlehicles

Average Total CostNumber Unit Price (Alillions

Vehicle Type Registered (NRs) of NRs)

Cars, taxis 2,360 20,000 47.2

Trucks, buses 1,450 60,000 87.0

Others 190 40,000 7.6

141.8

Actual Cost of the Present Fleet of Registered Vehicles

The present fleet is composed of vehicles ranging from newones to those with no remaining value. Roughlyv the actual costof the present fleet may be taken at half of the basic figure, i.e.,NRs 70 million.

Cost of Renewal of the Present Fleet during the Third Plan

The average life of vehicles in a country like Nepal is aboutsix years. So the cost of renewal of the present fleet may be takenat 5/6 of the basic figure, i.e., about NRs. 120 million.

Cost of Additions to the Fleet durine the Third Plan

Assuming that the fleet will double during the Plan period thecost of increasing the fleet is estimated to be about NRs 140 million.

Source: Estimate prepared by the Mission.

- 115 - F-1p .

TABLE F-1

NEPAL AIRPORTS

In the following pages a brief description of the existing airportsof Nepal is given. The altitude figures marked with (*) are not preciseand should be used with caution. Elevation figures were obtained from theIndian M4ilitary Survey Maps, scale of 1:63,360.

BAGLUNG

Elevation: 3,400 ft. (*)

Runway: Compacted dirt 1,200 ft. long and 100 ft. wide.

Approaches: Unobstructed from south along Kali Gandaki RiverValley. To north relatively clear within twomiles.

Weather: Runway not drained; inoperable in wet weather.

Lights: None.

Communications: None.

Facilities: None.

Observations: For STOL use only.

BHADRAPUR(Jhapa-Chandragarhi)

Elevation: 300 ft.

Runway: Grass runway 5,100 ft. long and 150 ft. wide.

Approaches: Clear

Weather: The runway is in the direction of prevailing winds.Inoperable in wet weather.

Lights: None.


Facilities: None.

Observations: The airport is located at Chandragarhi, 17 miles(by dry season road) east of Jhapa, about fourmiles west of the Mechi River on the border ofIndia and about two miles northwest of Bhadxanir,

- 116 - F-1p.2

BHAIRAWA (Old Airport)

Elevation: 360 ft.

Runway: Grass-gravel runway 3,000 ft. long and 285 ft.wide.

Approaches: Clear of obstacles.

Weather: The strip runs north to south and is subject tocross winds.

Lights: None.

Communications: SSB radio.

Facilities: Refueling from barrels, using hand cart and pump.

Observations: Located 3/4 mile east of Bhairawia. A new airportat a different site under construction by theIndian Aid Mission and should be completed byApril 1905 (see following description).

BHAIRAUA (New Airport)(ubini)

Elevation: 360 ft.

Runway: Paved 3,300 ft. long and 150 ft. wide in directionof prevailing winds.

Approaches: Clear.

Weather: All weather.

Lights: None

Communications: Single NDB, VHF and SSB.

Facilities: New terminal building and staff quarters. Nofixed fueling facilities.

Observations: Adequate for DC-3 but will not accept larger andheavier planes contemplated for use by RNAC.

-117 - F-1p 3

BHARATPUR(Narayangath)

Elevation: 630 ft.

Runway: Ungraded grass 3,600 ft. long bearing northwest-southeast and 300 ft. wide.


Weather: Inoperable in wet weather.

Lights: None.


Facilities: None.

Observations: Located one mile south of Narayangath and next tosmall settlement of Bharatpur.

BIRATNAGAR

Elevation: 220 ft.

Runway: Grass 3,300 ft. long and 210 ft. wide.


Weather: Occasional strong cross winds. Generally all-weather,but operations sometimes restricted in very wetweather.

Lights: Nlone.

Communications: Single 100 IvF NDB and one 3/4 W VHF. Fixed groundradio communications to Kathaandu.

Facilities: No terminal building. Has a tower, a powerhousewith 2.5 KVA generator, and anNDB building. Fuelis available in drums.

Observations: The field is midway between the city and the indus-trial complex adjacent to the Indian border. Anew airport site has been surveyed north of thecity. The Indian Aid lMission has plans for theconstruction of a new 3,300 ft. paved runway inthe direction of prevailing winds.

- 118 - F-1

DANG

Elevation: 2,070 ft.

Runway: Grass strip on hard soil 4,000 ft. long, 300 ft. wide.


Weather: Operable in all weather. Strip is more or less intothe prevailing winds except that there is a crosswiind during the summer season.

Lights: None.


Facilities: None.

Observations: There are no large villages or towns near the air-port. The nearest large town, Girhoe, is about15 miles away, southeast. Its business comesfrom people living in the hills encircling thelarge plain in which the airstrip is located.There is no room for a cross runwray.

DHANGARHI

Elevation: 550 ft. (*)

Runwray: Grass on very soft soil 2,500 ft. long and 150 ft.wide.

Approaches: Clear of major obstacles.

Weather: Operable in fair weather only.

Lights: None.


Facilities: None

Observations: Located on north side of, and adjacent to, DhangarhiBazaar. This airport serves an area with verysmall population.

- 119 - F-1p.-

DHORPATAN


Runway: Tundra grass on gravel 1,400 ft. long and 60 ft.wide. An additional ungraded grass strip of2,700 ft. is available.

Approaches: The field is located in a valley along the 'u'ttarGanga River about 2-1/4 miles long and 3/4 milewide. Approaches are not easy for aircraft ofDC-3 size or bigger because the valley narrowsto a width of only 1/4 mile. Approach from thewest relatively clear; to the east must clear1O,000 ft. one mile from the airport.

Weather: Southerly winds of 8-10 knots between 10:00-16:00o'clock. Turbulence limits field utility.

Lights: None.


Facilities: No terminal building, no tower.,

Observations: The eastern end of the runway is fairly well drained,western end is wet. By diverting the creek thatcrosses the runway midway landing conditions couldbe improved. The present strip was developed bythe Swiss Miission which operates a Tibetan rehabili-tation camp near the field for use by STOL planes.

GURKHA(Palangtar)

Elevation: 850 ft.

Runway: Grass on clay 2,900 ft. long and 150 ft. wide.

Approaches: The runway is located in a deep valley of theMarsyandi near the village of Palangtar. Theapproaches are acceptable for DC-3 and smalleraircraft operation. About 1.5 miles south ofthe strip there is a hill with an altitude of2,326 ft. To the immediate east of the stripthere is a hill of 2,467 ft. The planes canfollow the 14arsyandi Valley for both north andsouth approaches.


Lights: None.

- 120 - F-1p. 6


Facilities: None.

Observations: Located at Palangtar, seven miles west of Gurkha. Thestrip is being extended by 1,000 ft. but this usesup all clear-way room, and leaves no overrun. Theriver is undercutting the runway at the south end.

JANAKPUR (Old Airport)

Elevation: 190 ft.

Runway: Compacted dirt 3,600 ft. long and 300 ft. wide.

Approaches: Clear in all directions.

Weather: Located in a former paddy field, inoperable in wetweather. East end frequent,ly under water.

Lights: None.


Facilities: None.

Observations: Located about two miles southwest of Janakpur. A newairport is being built on t,his same site by theIndian Aid Commission and is expected to be opera-tional by June 1965.

JANAKPUR (New Airport)

Elevation: 190 ft.

Runway: Brick paved 3,300 ft. long and 150 ft. wide.

Approaches: Clear in all directions.

Weather: Operable in all weather; east end may be under waterin extremely wet weather.

Lights: None.

Communications: SSB and NDB

Facilities: New terminal building and staff quarters. No fuelingfacilities.

Observations: A completely new runway of uiknown weight-bearingstrength. Adjacent to old dirt runway.

- 121 - F-17.?

JIRI(Those)


Runway: 1,400 ft. long, 60 ft. wide of compacted dirt andgravel, and has a 4 per cent slope. Located in anarrow valley near the village of Jiri. BetweenThose, which has an elevation of 5,600 ft., andthe airstrip there is a mountain with a peak of7,546 ft.

Approaches: The Jiri Valley is 2-1/2 miles long and less than1/2 mile wide, is surrounded by mountains and hasa narrow opening only to the south. To the northof the strip the mountains reach an altitude of9,000 ft. and to the east and west of the stripthe elevation is about 7,500 ft. The approach fromthe south along the Valley requires two tight turnsin narrow confines before the Valley widens out.


Lights: None.


Facilities: None.

Observations: Located about three miles northwest of Those. Builtby the Swiss Technical Aid iMLssion to supply itslivestock station and hospital adjacent to the air-field. For use by STOL planes only.

JOMOSOM


Runway: Dirt and gravel 1,400 ft. long and 60 ft. wide.

Approaches: Located in a narrow, upper portion of Kali GandakiValley. The approaches are from the north andsouth only and are difficult.t

Weather: Inoperable in wet weather. High winds are frequent.Extreme turbulence after 1l a.m. makes the fielddangerous.

Lights: None.


Facilities: None.

Observations: STOL use only.

- 122 - F-].

JUMIA


Runway: Compacted dirt with some river gravel 1,050 ft. longand 100 ft. wide.

Approaches: Located in valley with 10,000-12,000 ft. mountainson each side. Steep approach from southeast ornorthwest directions, including the necessity of"j1umping" a ledge on the northwest approach.

Weather: Winds mainly east-west, strong in April-.May, December-January. Velocity increases rapidly between 12:00and 17:00 o t clock as the valley air gets warm.

Lights: None.


Facilities: No terminal building, no tower.

Observations: The present strip could be lengthened to about 2,000ft. by extensions into rice paddies on west end.The soil is clay and gravel and packs like concrete.More important than extensions is leveling theapproaches and maintenance of the runway, which isvery rough. Located 1/2 mile northwest of JumlaBazaar.

KATHMANDU


Runway: Paved runway 3,750 ft. long, 150 ft. wide.

Approaches: The airport is located in the middle of a circularvalley surrounded by mountains of 7,000-9,000 ft. inheight. The distance from the southern edge of theairport to the first series of 5,000 ft. high hillsis about 5 miles.

Weather: Strong cross winds at certain times of the year. Somerestrictions on operations during the monsoon due tolow ceiling. Frequent morning fog during the coolweather months, November-January.

Lights: None.

Communications: Radio with VHF to aircraft. HE' controller to con-troller speech circuit with New Delhi, Calcutta,Dacca. Central station for domestic radio airportcommunications network.

- 123 - F-1

p.9

Facilities: Terminal for passengers, tower, workshops, firestation, some storage facilities.

Observations: A new runway is under construction. A committeewas appointed by HMG in December 1964 to preparea Master Plan for the airport.

TCGRTIPURf

(Kathmandu)

Elevation: Not reported.

Runway: Compacted dirt 1,000 ft. long by 100 ft. wide.

Approaches:

Weather: Inoperable when wet.

Lights: None

Communications:

Facilities:

Observations: Used by U.S. AID. Located two miles west of Kathnanduand one mile north of Kirtipur Bazaar.

LUKIA


Runway: Dirt and gravel 930 ft. long and 60 ft. wide on an11 per cent slope, dead-ending in a cliff.

Approaches: Difficult. The strip is located on a ledge 2,500 Pt.off from the river bottom and at right angles to theriver. A sharp cliff drops to the river at the westend, and another abruptly rises to 6,000 ft. at theeast end.

Weather: Difficult weather conditions, due to low ceiling.Inoperable in wet weather.

Lights: None.


Facilities: None.

Observations: Built by Sir Edmund Hi'Llary for use by STOL planessupplying Mt. Everest expeditions and local schoolprojects. Located about seven miles south of NamcheBazaar.

- 124 - F-1p. 1 0

MEGHAULI


Runway: Grass on compacted clay 3,000 ft. long by 300 ft.wide.

Approaches: Clear except for trees on sou-th bank of river.

Weather: Slippery when wet.

Lights: None.


Facilities: None

Observations: Capable of being converted into a good all-weathercommercial airfield. Runway can be extended to6,000 ft. or more. Adjacent to the best developednational gare preserve. About 25 miles southwes-tof Bharatpur Airport by fair-weather jeep track.

NEPALGANJ

Elevation: 450 ft.

Runway: Grass 3,000 ft. long and 300 ft. wide.

Approaches: Clear.

Weather: Strong cross winds, runway is not oriernted to theprevailing winds.

Lights: None.

Communications: Single 10OW M NDB and one lOW VHF. Fixed groundradio communication to Kathniandu.

Facilities: No terminal building. Has a tower, powerhousewith 2.5 KVA generator, and an NDB building. Fuelis available in drums.

Observations: Located about six miles west of the Bazaar. Possiblenew sites at locations closer to town have beensurveyed.

- 125- F-p .11

POKHARA


Runway: Grass on gravel on hard rocky soil 4,150 ft. longand 200 ft. wide.

Approaches: Three miles from the north end of the runway thereis a 4,736 ft. high mountain,and two miles fromthe southern end of the runway there are highlandswith 3,500 ft. of altitude. The approach is fromthe southeast following the valley and turningnorth to reach the southern end of the runway.

Weather: With the exception of fog or heavy rain, the airportis operable at all times.

Lights: None.

Communications: Single l0OW NIF NDB and one 3,/4 W VHF.

Facilities: A control tower, a powerhouse with a 2.5 KVA generator,passenger terminal, installations housing NDB andsmall operations.

Observations: Located about two miles south of Pokhara Bazaar, hasstaff housing at the airport built by the IndianAid Mission.

RAJBIRAJ

Elevation: 250 ft.

Runway: Grass on loam 4,200 ft. long and 300 ft. wide.

Approaches: Clear.

Weather: The strip is in the direction of the prevailingwinds. Inoperable in wet weather.

Lights: None.

Communications: One 10 W VHF (not in use).

Facilities: There is a powerhouse with a 2.5 KVA generator (notin use), a tower and NDB building. No passengerterminal.

Observations: There are tentative plans to construct a new terminalbuilding.

- 126 - F-1p.12

RUMJATAR(Okhald hunga)


Runway: Compacted dirt 1,120 ft. long and 145 ft. wide,oriented north-south.

Approaches: The strip is located on the crest of a hill at thenorthern outskirts of Rumjatar. Northern end dropsover a sheer cliff; the southern end is built up15 ft. over adjacent paddy fields, which slopeaway from the runway. Southern approach is good.Two miles from the northern end of the strip thereare mountains with heights of 7,500 ft.

Weather: The strip is out of wind about 300 to 400, but thewinds are said to be light most of the time. Soilis greasy red clay and the strip is not safe foruse during and after rains.

Lights: None.


Facilities: None.

Observations: Located 2-1/2 miles (as the crow flies) east ofOkhaldhunga. However, access is via a trail whichdescends to 3,800 ft. from 5,900 ft. and then climbsto 4,600 ft. The southern end of the strip wasbuilt by filling and is held in place by stones.Presently a STOL field. Extension of present run-way to the south is possible by constructing a 30ft. high fill. If the landing strip could be re-located laterally across the northern edge of tbeplateau, and with modest earth movement, it couldbe lengthened to 3,000 ft.

S ILGARHI-DCT I


Runway: 900 ft. long, 50 ft. wide.

Approaches: Approach is from the northwest only. No approach ispossible from the southeast and take-off in thisdirection is hazardous because of a 300 ft. blufflocated 500 ft. from the end of the runway. Thestrip is surrounded by hills 4,000 to 5,000 ft.

Weather: Light cross winds. Operable in fair weather only.

- 127 - F-1

Lights: None.


Facilities: None.

Observations: The present field cannot be 'Lengthened and s suit-able for STOL operation only. Widening is possibleand would orient the runway more to the northwest-southeast line, thus moving further from the bluff.Proposals for the development of a commaercial air-port in this area are based on relocating the fieldto a new and more favorable spot.

SINRA

Elevation: 600 ft.

Runway: 3,200 ft. long, 200 ft. wide. Grass runway on poorlydrained soil.


Weather: Operable most of the year. Slippery runway when wet.

Lights: None.

Communications: Two single 100 W D7 NDB and one 10 W VhF.

Facilities: Has a small terminal, operations building with con-trol tower. Power is provided by two 2.5 KVAgenerators.

Observations: Located 10 miles north of Birganj and 18 miles southof Hitaura alongside the main north-south highway.A fair-weather compacted dirt cross runway is justbeing completed by the Indian Aid Mission.

SOLTA

Elevation: 800 ft. (*).

Runway: Grass runway of 950 ft. by 60 ft.



-128 - F-1

Lights: lNone.


Facilities: No terminal facilities. Drum fuel available.

Observations: Located about two miles west of the junction of theKarnali and Bari Rivers, this strip is used byKarnali survey teams. It is in a heavily forestedarea and is 20-25 miles fram any inhabited places.

SURKHET


Runway: About 1,000 ft. long and 150 ft. wide. Gravel andloam, partly covered with grass and brush.

Approaches: Unrestricted to the south and fair to the north.Small hills of 50-80 ft. in height located about3,000 ft. east of the strip,


Lights: None.


Facilities: None.

Observations: Located about four miles southeast of SurkhetBazaar. Space is available -to extend the runwayto 4,500 ft. or more. Site is on a ridge locatedabout 10 ft. above adjacent irrigated land. Thereis endemic malaria among the permanent residents,but this is expected to be eradicated about 1970.Present plans are to move the Bazaar to a newsite adjacent to the present airfield.

T IKAPUR


Dimensions: Grass,1,400 ft. long and 60 ft. wide.


-129 - F-1

P.15


Lights: None.


Facilities: None.

Observations: Located on the west bank of the Kauriala River,about 12 miles north of the .ndian border.Located in a fertile, productive area whoseutility is restricted by malaria. Used forKarnali Project survey teams. Not near anypopul-ation centers.

TUMLINGTAR

Elevation: 1,500 ft. (*).

Runway: Uncompacted earth 3,000 ft. long by 150 ft. wide.

Approaches: Unknown - located in valley of Arun River.


Lights: None.


Facilities: None.

Observations: A newly completed airfield suitable for STOL useonly. Construction of a new commercial airportis recommended by the 'Lission at or near thislocation.

- 130 - F-2

TABLE F-2

PASSENGERS CARRIED BYROYAL NEPAL AIRLf'ES CORPORATION BY ROUTE

(1959 - 1963)

PassengersSector

1959 1960 1961 1962 1963

1. Kathmandu/Patna/Kathmandu - 3580 4821 5686 6171

2. Kathmandu/DelhiAKathmandu - 2484 1878 1756 2070

3. Kathmandu/Calcutta/Kathmanidu - 3097 33048 4327 4340

4. Kathmandu/Pokhara/Bhairawa/Dang/ - 1101 471 3704 3466Nepalganj

5. Kathmandu/Dacca/Kathmandu - - - - 269

6. Kathmandu/Simra/Kathmandu 11760 14046 15702 13054 12956

7. Kathmandu/Biratnagar/Kathmanduvia Janakpur/Rajbiraj 6292 4304 4587 3390 4978

8. Kathmandu/Pokhara/Bhairawa 9268 15571 16312 10308 16644

9. Kathmandu/Gorkha/Bhh./BHW - - 183 578 697

10. Kathmandu/Bharatpur/Pbkhara - - - 3801 4340

11. Kathmandu/Gorkha/Kathmandu - - - 118 1/

12. Kathmandu/Janakpur/Kathmandu - - - 810 610

13. Kathmandu/Biratnagar/Kathmandu - 2676 3370 4266 4473

14 . Non-Schedule 13649 16566 16518 21485 26146

40969 63425 67190 73283 87160

1/ Included in item No. 9

Source: Royal Nepal Airlines Corporation.

- 131 - F-3

TABLE F-3

CARGO AMD MAIL CARRIED BY RNAC DURING 12 i4ONTHSENDING JULY 15, 1964

Cargo Iail

Kathmandu - Bhadrapur 6,524 463Kathmandu - Bhairawa 45,034 17,644Kathmandu - Bharatpur 1,753 25Kathmandu - Biratnagar 173,408 24,274Kathmandu - Dang 5,239 93Kathmandu - Gorkha 53,415 261Kathmandu - Janakpur 12,458 322Kathmandu - Nepalganj 10,567 354Kathmandu - Pokhara 1,176,121 26,738Kathmandu - Rajbiraj 9,597 428Kathmandu - Sirnra 100,083 26,680Pokhara - Bhairawa 3,922,849 8,961Pokhara - Bharatpur 496,135 239Pokhara - Dang 630 3Pokhara - Gorkha 261 3Pokhara - Nepalganj 1,304 -Gorkha - Bharatpur 415,310 17Bhairawa - Dang 2,214 522Bhairawa - Gorkha 540 8Bhairawa - Nepalganj 269 228Dang - Nepalganj 2,940 185Biratnagar - Bhadrapur 635 -Biratnagar - Janakpur 464 -Biratnagar - Rajbiraj 2,795 348Kathmandu - Calcatta 287,822 -Kathmandu - Dacca 34,059 589Kathmandu - Delhi 72,749 48Kathmandu - Patna 115,023 544Biratnagar - Calcutta 6,261 -

6,956,459 118,977

Average rate per lb. carried NRs 0.2489 0.1889

Source: Calculated from ?isAC records.

TABLE F-4

RNAC SUMMER SCHEDULES EFFECTIVE JULY 10, 1964KATMANiDU - WEST NEPAL

SUN SUN MON TUE WED WED AIRPORT THU THU FRI SAT005 039 005 025 005 039 025 005 005 0398.00 6.40 8.00 8.30 5.00 13.00 Kathmandu 5.30 10.00 8.00 6.ho

7.10 9.00 13.30 Gork-ha 9.00 7.10-7.25 13.45 Gorkha 7.257.5o 14.10 Bharatpur 7.50

8.50 8.50 8.50 Pokhara 10.550 8.509.10 9.10 9.10 Pokhara 11.10 9.109.45 9.45 9.45 Bhairawa 11.45 9.451.25 .55 1.25 .30 1.25 .55 Flight Hrs.1/ .30 1.25 1.25 .551.42 .92 1.42 .50 1.42 .92 Flight Hrs. 2/ .50 1.42 1.h2 .92

SUN SUN MON TUE WED WED AIRPORT THU THU FRI SATo40 006 oo6 026 o40 o06 026 006 o06 o0o

10.15 10.15 10.15 Bhairawa 12.00 10.1510.50 10.50 10.50 Pokhara 12.35 10.5011.10 11.10 11.10 P°khara 12.55 11.10

10.30 1l.oo 16.00 Bharatpur 11.00 10.3010.55 11.30 16.25 Gorkha 11.30 10.5511.10 16.40 Gorkha I 11.1011.40 12.00 12.00 12.00 17.10 12.00 Kathmandu 12.U0 13.45 12.00 11.40

.55 1.25 1.25 .30 .55 1.25 Flight Hrs / .30 1.25 1.25 .55.92 1.42 1.42 .50 .92 1.42 Flight Hrs. 2/ .50 1.42 1.42 .92

l/In hours and minutes. Z/In hours and fraction of an hour.

Total flight hours: Westbound 10.86 Eastbound 10.86

Source: RNAC Schedules, flight hours calculated.

KATHMANDU - SOUTH AND EAST NEPAL

Sun Sun Sun Mon Tue Tue Wed Airport Thu Thu Thu Fri Sat001 015 021 001 001 015 001 001 007 021 001 001

6.30 12.30 13.00 6.30 6.30 7.00 6.30 Kathmandu 6.30 7.00 13.00 6.30 6.307.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 Sinra 7.00 7.00 7.00

13.L0 8.10 Rajbiraj1h.00 8.30 Rajbiraj14.20 11.25 8.50 Biratnagar 8.25 1h.25 H

.30 1.30 1.25 .30 .30 1.30 .30 Flight Hrs.1/.30 1.25 1.25 .30 .30

.50 1.50 1.42 .50 .50 1.50 .50 Flight Hrs.m/.50 1.42 1.12 .50 .50

Sun Sun Mon Tue Tue Wed Thu Thu Fri Fri Sat002 016 002 002 016 002 Airport 002 008 002 022 002

15.00 9.10 Biratnagar 8.50 9.2515.20 9.30 Rajbiraj15.hO 9.50 Rajbiraj

7.20 7.20 7.20 7.20 Simra 7.20 7.20 7.207.50 16.50 7.50 7.50 11.00 7.50 Kathmandu, 7.50 10.15 7.50 10.50 7.50

,33 1.30 30 .30 1.30 .30 Flight Hrs.l/ .30 1.25 .30 1.25 .30.50 1.50 .50 .50 1.50 .50 Flight Hrs.2/ .50 1.h2 .50 1.h2 .50

1) In hours and minutes 2) In hours and fraction of an hour

Total flight hours: Eastbound 10.76 Westbound 9.3L J1.Source: RNAC Schedules, flight hours calculated

SOUJTHBOUND INTERNATIONAL SERVICE

Sun Mon Tue Tue Wed Airport Thu Fri Fri Sat Sat021 011 013 009 011 P 021 023 011 011 009

13.00 11.30) 13.00 13.00 11.30 Kathmandu 13.00 7.30 11.30 11.30 13.001b.25 Biratnagar l.25lb 5 I Biratnagar 1Lh.h516. ,o 16.15 Calcutta 16.0o

Dacca 11.15 I16.50 Delhi 16.50

l%'O 12.40 Patna 12 140 12 .4o

1.55* 1.10 3.15 3.50 1.10 Flight Hrs 1) 1.55* 3.45 1.10 1.10 3.501.92 1.17 3.25 3.83 1.17 Flight Hrs 2) 1.92* 3.75 1.17 1.17 3.83

- r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-

*Only Biratnagar-Calcutta section hours are given.. Kathmandu-Biratnagar portion flight hours are listedin Table F-82.


Total flight hours: 23.18

Source: RNAC Schedules.

NORTHBOUND INTERNATIONAL SERVICE

Sun Mon Mon Wed Wed Wed Airport Fri Fri Fri Sat010 01h 012 01 010 012 P 022 012 012 012

13.30 13.30 Patna 13.30 13.307.30 7.30 Delhi

Dacca 12.007.00 7.00 Calcutta 7.00

Biratnagar 8.55Biratnagar 9.25

11.20 10.15 1h.bO 10.15 11.20 1lh.0 Kathmandu 10.50 1h.o 15-45 lh.h0

3.50 3.15 1.10 3.15 3.50 1.10 Flight Hrs 1) 1.55- 1.10 3.L5 1.103.83 3.25 1.17 3.25 3.83 1.17 Flight Hrs 2) 1.92* 1.17 3.75 1e17

*Only Calcutta-Biratnagar section hours are given. Biratnagar-Kathmandu portion flight hours are listedin Table 83.


Total flight hours: 2L.51

Source: RNAC Schedules

TABSLE F- 5

RNAC WINTER SCHEDULES EFFECTIVE OCTOBER 15, 1964

KATHMANDU - WEST NEPAL

Sun Sun Mon IIon Tue Tue AJer 'ored Thu Thu Thu Fri Fri Sat005 025 007 005 017 0o5 005 027 - irrort 017 005 025 003 037 017

8.oo 10.30 8.25 10.30 8.10 9e15 8.00 13.30 Kathmandu 8.10 9.15 10.30 8.20 13.00 8.1011.00 8.55 14.00 Gorkhua 11.00

9.15 1I.20 Gorkha II14 .45 Bharatpur 8.55

Bharatpur 9.158.50 9.40 11,20 10.05 8.50 Pokhara 10.05 9.45 13.509.10 11.140 10.25 9.1( Pokhara 10.259 )!5 12.15 9.10 11.00 9.45 3hairawa 9.10 11.00 9.10

9.30 Bhaira-;:a 9.30 9.3010.20 Dang 10.20 10.2010.40 'ang lo.10 10.4o11.10 !Te;?alganj 11.10 11.10

1.25 .30 .55 1,25 2020 1.25 1.25 .55 Flight lirs.9, 2.20 1,25 .30 1.o5 .50 2.201.h12 .50 .92 )..h2 2.33 1.L2 1.192 .92 Flight hrs.-' 2.33 1.42 .50 1.08 .83 2.33

1/ In hours and minutes. 2/ In hours and fraction of an hour


Source: vNAC Schedules

WEST NEPAL - KATHMANDU

Sun Sun Mon Mon Tue Tue Wed Wed Thu Thu Thu Fri Fri Sat026 006 008 oo6 018 006 028 006 Airports 026 018 0o6 038 004 018

11.30 Nepalganj 11.30 11.3012.00 Datig 12.00 12.0012.20 Dang 12.20 12.2013.10 Bhairawa 13.10 13.10

15.15 15.15 13.30 15.15 15.15 Bhairawa 13.30 15'.15 13.3015.50 15.50 15.50 15.50 Pokhiarx 15.5016.10 15.15 16.10 16.10 16.10 Pokhara 16.10 14.10 15.15

Bharatpur 15.h515.10 Bharatpur 16.05

15.10 15.35 Gorkha11.20 16.00 15.55 Gorkha 11.2011.50 17.00 16.30 17.00 1L.30 17.00 16.25 17.00 Kathnmandu 11.50 14.30 17.00 15.00 16.h0 14.30

.30 1.-25 .55 1.25 2.20 1.25 .55 1.25 Flight Hrs 1/ .30 2.20 1.25 .50 1.05 .2.20

.50 1.42 .92 1.h2 2.33 1.42 .92 1.42 Flight Hrs. 2/ .50 2.33- 1.4-2 .83 1.08 2.33

1/ In hours and minutes 2/ In hours and fraction of an hour



KATHMANDU - SOUTH AND EAST NEPAL

Sun Sun Sun Mon Mon Mon Tue Tue Tue Wed Wed Wed Thu Thu Fri Fri Fri Sat Sat001 019 029 035 001 033 001 015 019 001 031 Airport 033 001 021 001 035 033 001 015

8.40 13.30 lL.30 8.00 8.4O 15.30 8.4o 9.10 10.30 8.LO 10.30 Kathmandu 15.30 8.40 14.30 8.40 10.30 15.15 8.hO 9.109.10 9.10 16.00 9.10 I 9.10 I Simra 16.00 9.1o 9.10 15-45 9.10

14.25 11.25 11.25 Janakpur 911.h5 Janakpur I

10. 20 Rajbiraj 10.20 oDio.Lo I Rajbiraj 10.bo

15$55 9.25 11.00 12.30 Biratnagar 15.55 11.55 11.009.h5 Biratnagar 12.1510.15 Bhadrapur 12.L5

.30 .55 1.25 1.55 .30 .30 .30 1.30 .55 .30 1.h0 Flight Hrs 1/.30 .30 1.25 .30 1.55 .30 .30. 1.30.50 .92 1.A2 1.92 .50 .50 .50 1.50 .92 .50 1.67 Flight Hrs.2/,50 .50 1.h2 .50 1.92 .50 .50 1.50

1/ In hours and minutes 2/ In hours and fraction of an hourTotal flight hours 18.19


SOUTH AND EAST NEPAL - KATHMANDU

Sun Sun Mon Mon Mon Tue Tue Tue -,,-Wed W1ed Wed Airport Thu Fri Fri Fri Fri Sat. Sat002 020 002 036 034 002 020 016 002 032 034 002 002 022 036 034 002 016

10.35 Bhadrapur 13.0511.05 Biratnagar .13.3511.25 11.20 12.50 Birabnagar 9.25 13.55 11.20

11.40 Rajbiraj 11.4012.00 Rajbiraj 12.00

13.35 Janakpur144.5 11. 45 13.55 Janakpur

9.30 1 9.30 16.20 9.30 i 9.30 16.20 Simra 9.30 9.30 16.05 9.3010.00 15.40 10.00 12.50 16.50 10.00 12.40 13.10 10.00 ilh.50 16.50 Kathmandu 10.nO 10.00 C10.50 15.20 16.35 10.00 13.10

1/.30 .55 .30 1.55 .30 .30 .55 1.30 .30 1.40 .30 Flight hrs.T/ .30 .30 1.25 1.55 .30 .30 1.30.50 .92 .50 1.92 .50 .50 .92 1.50 .50 1.67 .50 Flight hrs.- .50 .50 1.42 1.92 .50 .50 1.50

1/ In hours and minutes. 2/ In hours and fraction of an hour.


Source: iNAC Schedules.

SOUTHBOUND INTERNATIONAL SERVICE

Sun Mon Tue Tue lied Airports Thu Thu Fri Fri Sat Sat029 011 013 009 011 029 009 011 023 011 009

14.30 11.30 lh.30 15.00 11.30 Kathmandu 1L.30 15.00 11.30 7.30 11.30 1.0015.55 l Biratnagar 15.5516.25 l Biratnagar 16.2518.20 17.h5 Calcutta 18.20

Dacca 11. 1518.50 Delhi 18.50 1

12.40 12.h0 Patna 12.40 12.hO 18.50-0

1.55* 1.10 3.15 3.50 1.10 Flight Hrs.l/ 1.55* 3.50 1.10 3.h5 1.10 3.501.92* 1.17 3.25 3.83 1.17 Flight Hrs.2/ 1.92* 3.83 1.17 3.75 1.17 3.83

i*Only Biratnagar-Calcutta section hours are given. Kathmandu-Biratnagar portion flight hours are listed in Table F-88

1/ In hours and minutes 2/ In hours and fraction of an hour



NORTHBOUND INTERNATIONAL SERVICE

Sun Mon Mon Wed W,,ed Wed Airport Fri IFri Fri Fri Sat010 030 012 014 010 012 022 010 012 024 012

13.h0 13.40 Patna 13.40 13.L.7 30 7.30 Delhi 7.30

Dacca 12.156.oo 7.00 Calcutta 7.oo

'Biratnagar 8.5I I Biratnagar 9.2-5

11.20 9.15 14.50 10.15 11.20 14.50 Kathmandu 10.50 11.20 '-.450 16.0o0 1450

3.50 3.15 1JO 3.15 3.50 1.10 Flight hrs. '/ 1.55* 3.50 1.10 3.4.5 1.103.83 3.25 1017 3.25 3.83 1.17 Flight hrs.- 1.92* 3.83 1.17 3.75 1.17

* Only Calcutta-Biratnagar section hours are given. Biratnagar-Kathmandu portion flight hours are listedin Table F-89.

1/ In hours and minutes. 2/ In hours and fraction of an hour.


Source: iUdAC Schedules.

- 142 - F-6

TABLE F-6

INVENRTORY OF ROYAL NEPAL AIRLINES CORPORATIONDAKOTA (DC-3) EQUIPMENT L/ 1958-1965

Aircraft Acquired Date of CommentsiNumber from Purchase

DC-3 AAB 1958 In servlce

" AAC 1959 Sold

" AAD 1960 Crashed

" AAE 1960 In service

it AAH PIA 1961 Crashed

it AAI KLM 1962 In service

AAM Aer Lingus 1962 In service

AAL " 1963 In service

AP it 1963 In service

" AO " " 1964 In service

" AQ IAC 1964 In service

Note: All RNAC planes are licensed for Civil Aviation and areregistered with ICAO.

1/ In addition to the DC-3s RNAC has 2 Russian MI-4 helicopters. TwoChinese aircraft have been out of service for two years and are in-operable at the present time. The Royal Flight has 1 DC-3, 1 Ilyushin14, 1 Beech Queenaire and will probably receive from the United King-dom 2 Twin Pioneers. It is reported that 1 Alouette helicopter is be-ing purchased in France. RF planes are not licensed for CivilAviation.

2/ These were given to HM by the United States Government.

Source: RNAC Records.

- 143 - F-7

TABLE F-7

NUMBER OF PASSENGERS AND POUNDS OF CARGO CARRIED, BY iNNTHS, FOR THEYEAR 1963

ROYAL NEPAL AIRLINES CORPORATION

1963 Passengers Freight Ex-Baggage(in lbs) (in lbs)

January 7,501 362,337 82,577

February 9,481 280,143 89,371

March 6,877 363,44l 127,295

April 8,857 317,368 104,028

May 8,864 319,252 178,478

June 5,250 157,744 86,883

July 3,175 152,535 29,741

August 3,258 187,338 48,900

September 4,523 214,016 82,960

October 6,971 162,584 112,691

November 9,233 638,895 145,657

December 13,174 1,084,937 156,43h

Total 87,164 4,240,590 1,245,615

Source: RNAC Records

- 1hh - F-8

TABLE F-8

ROYAL NEPAL AIRLINES CORPORATIONTOTAL PLANE HOURS FLOWN

Hours Minutes

1958 (6 months) 437.451959 1,862151960 3,933.201961 4,056.501962 3,862.151963 5,020.551964 6,947.25

1963

Hours Minutes Hours Minutes

January 369.05 July 317.40February 397.40 August 315.20March 390.00 September 355.20April 433.50 Cctober 425.00

iqay 423.15 Noveinber 556.15June 344.55 December 632.35

1964

Hours Minutes Hours Minutes

January 487.20 July 467.30February 508.20 August 450e10i4arch 615.45 September 515.10April 537.50 October 687.10May 667.15 November 703.35June 520.00 December 787.20

1965

Hours Minutes

January 812.10February 669.55

Source: RNAC

- 145 - G-1

TABLE G-1

NEPAL ROPEWAY OPERATIONS

Time Worked and Goods Handled by Months, 1964

Days TotalTime Worked Shut Goods Hauled Tons Handled Per

Month Days Hours Down - Maunds .2/ Tons Hour Worked

April 1964 17 101.5 5 7003 287 2.8+

May 1964 23 140.0 8 66420 2723 19.5

June 1964 20 116.0 10 55586 2279 19.6

July 1964 26 138.5 5 67093 2751 19.9

August 1964 21 112.5 10 55023 2:256 20.0

September 1964 21 124.0 9 60970 2500 20.2

October 1964 16 96.5 15 48717 1997 23.5

November 1964 24 164.5 6 85041 3493 21.2

Note: Operation of new ropeway started April 9, 1964

j Saturdays and government holidays not included.

2 One maund is equivalent to 82 pounds.

Source: U.S. AID.

- 146 - G-2

TABLE G-2

NEPAL ROPEUJAY

TRAFFIC AND REVENUES 1962/63, 1963/64I, 19 61,/65

Goods Handled Revenues(in Maunds) Received

(NRs)

1961/62 39,831

1962/63 85,3o6 86,348

196 3/64 114,520 79,128 j/

1964/65 (7 months) 445,853 7bl,519

Note: Old ropeway ceased operation April 8, 1964New ropeway commenced operation April 9, 196b.

1/ Reports from other H.M.G. sources show substantially higherrevenues.

Source: Reports by H.M.G. and U.S. AID.

- 147 - G-3

TABLE G-3

NEPAL ROPBJUAY

Revenues and Expenses 1958/59 to 1962/63(in NRs)

E X P E N SES EREVENUESSalaries

Fiscal and Maintenance Others Total (FromYear Allowances Table G-2)

1958/59 151,668 _ 18,271 169,939

1959/60 196,540 5,923 202,463

1960/61 238,995 _ 8,747 247,742 -

1961/62 195,699 5,639 9,257 210,594 86,348

1962/63 257,484 6,117 23,307 286,907 79,128

Note: It is not clear whether the cost of electric power is included in the above.

- 1h8 - G-

TABLE G-4

NEPAL-JANAKPUR-JA 1NAGAR RAILWAY

Statement of Traffic, Revenues and Expenses 1959/60 to 1963/64

Passengers Passenger Tons Freight Total, Working NetYear Carried Earnings Carried Earnings Earnings Expenses Earnings

(NRs) (NRs) (NRs) (NRs) (NRs)

1959/60 195,330 249,130 11,484 1h8,820 397,950 322,620 75,330

1960/61 230,970 315,490 11,995 181,990 497,b80 365,380 132,100

1961/62 225,470 300,410 16,522 238,570 538,980 U44,850 9b,130

1969/63 190,000 248,460 23,060 315,550 564,010 431,240 132,770

1963/64 291,470 357,380 26,880 309,300 666,680 447,910 218,770

Note: These figures do not agree with those in Table G-5.

Line is 29 km. in length, 2'6" gauge.

A 24 kn. extension from Janakpur to Bizalpura is currently being rehabilitated.

Locomotives (all steam): 2 purchased in 19622 purchased in 1936 (in poor repair)2 purchased in 1922 (inoperable)

Wagons (all four-wheel): 8 covered4 low side2 timber

Passenger cars: 1 salon bogie5 bogie 3rd class1 four-wheel 1st class

- 149 - G-5

TABLE G-5

MONTHLY TRAFFIC AND REVENUE FROM PASSENGERS AXND FREIGHTNepal-Janakpur-Jaynagar Railway

Coaching _ GoodsMonth Passengers Receipts Weight Receipts

Budget Year 2018/19 (1961/62)

Srawan 2,958 NRs 6,761 13,811 NRs 8,038Bhadra 12,905 17,883 41,530 22,371Aswin 13,754 19,390 21,908 12,406Kartik 13,550 17,628 30,721 17,476Marga 18,704 28,237 24,808 16,122Paush 32,877 46,063 31,818 18,963Magh 13,290 16,901 48,107 18,554Falgun 9,965 13,545 40,946 13,978Chaitra 20,450 25,963 15,492 9,587Baisakh 37,054 46,033 34,852 17,428Jestha 16,793 20,299 41,686 13,500Ashad 17,258 22,642 49,304 47,066

Total 212,462 287,986 u F,794 207,7&9NRs 207,789

Total Receipts NRs 495,775

Budget Year 2019/20 (1962/63)

Srawan 9,317 NRs 12,344 71,752 NRs 23,237Bhadra 12,259 16,320 17,939 11,157Aswin 10,058 12,795 51,871 31,696Kartik 9,428 12,014 36,320 22,125Marga 16,660 21,918 17,346 11,6o4Paush 9,895 13,472 41.873 19,808Magh 15,288 19,148 73,727 23,963Falgun 17,326 22,860 84,864 29,297Chaitra 33,342 46,971 75,286 27,191Baisakh 15,607 19,819 64,497 21,724Jestha 14,433 18,292 32,538 17,537Ashad 13,700 20,976 44,400 21,968

Total 177,293 236,929 7511-3 261,377NRs 261,377


Budget Year 2020/21 (1963/64)

As the records have been handed over to the Ministry of Transport andCommunications, only total receipts are given below:

Total Receipts NRs 666.680

Budget Year 2021/22 (1964/65) - 9 Months

NRs 543,347

Source: Nepal Transport Corporation.

- 150 - G-6

TABLE G-6

NEPAL GOVERNP2NT RAILI-AY

Statement of Traffic, Revenues and Expenses 1959/60 to 1963/6h

Passengers Passenger Tons Freight Total Wlorking NatYear Carriad Earnings Carried Earnings Earnings Expenses Earnings

(NRs '000) (NRs '000) (NRs '000)(NRs '000)(NRs '000)

1959/60 2)3,300 510 1)3,360 14'00 1,610 528 1,080

1960/61 246,110 552 34,2)0 722 1,2714 783 491

1961/62 223,610 476 23,502 562 1,0383 624 )41

1962/63 113,270 191 14,240 250 44'1 780 - 339

1963/64 66,450 104 30,070 410 5114 665 - 151

Line is 46.h km. (29 miles) in length, 2'6" gauge. Rails and sleepers in verybad condition.

Locomotives (all steam): 1 purchased in 1949 (fair condition)1 purchased in 19)7 (poor condition)2 purchased in 1932-36 (very poor' condition)1 purchased in 1928 (in scrap condition)2 purchased in 1904 (in scrap condition)

Wagons: )45 covored four-wheel (most in very poor condition)8 bogie covered (in poor conditicn)

16 low side four-wheel (poor condltion)12 timber racks four-wheel (poor condition)

Passenger cars: 6 3rd class bogie (2 inoperable)4 1st and 2nd class four-wheel (poor condition)1 King's salon1 bogie combination

Source: Ministry of Transport and Railway ilanager.

- 151 - G-7

TABLE G-7

MONTHLY TRAFFIC AND REVENUE FROM PASSENGERS AND FREIGHTNepal Government Railway

Coaching GoodsMonth Passenger Teceipts Weight Receipts

Budget Year 201?8/19 (1961/62)

Srawan 14,056 NRs 38,916 h7,)21 NRs 44,367Bhadra 19,216 46,274 90,706 83,368Aswin 16,274 40,448 7T,696 60,818Kantik 15, 400 38.306 62,519 46,830Marga 18 ,409 48,;35 81,381 72,o8)4Paush 23,768 62,768 40,958 hl,672Magh l,356 35,1h6 29,255 24,597Falgun 32,831 83,8?6 31,910 27,435Chaitra 18,159 45,470 32,140 29,509Baisakh 21,519 53,126 77,023 77,839Jestha 17,160 39,89h 49,585 49,767Ashad 91484 21 751 38.,28h 38,261

Total 220,623 1,'f ,950 596,547596,547

Total Receipts NRs 1,2.±95T4

Budget Year 2019/20 (1962,/2

Srawan 9,336 20,113 24,1148 27,858Bhadra 13,009 27,413 22,4.13 21,490Aswin 8,599 15,144 40,107 26,122Kartik 5,993 11,398 38,57? 22,238Marga 7.h420 16,779 27,576 18,863Paush 9,270 18,456 27,601 18,266Magh 8,738 16,838 27,211 18,877Falgun 21,974 153,714 47,147 41,934Chaitra. 10,224 19,698 43,876 29,639Baisakh 6,799 11,670 22,972 14,328Jestha 6,021 9,961 28,146 20,179Ashad 4,952 9,634 31,157 20,999

Total 112,335 330,770 37T,231 280,793280,793


Budget Year 2020/21 (1963/64)

As the record has been handed over to the Ministry of Transport and Communications,only total receipt is given below:

NRs 56-1,7748

Budget Year 2021/22 (1964/65) - 9 months

NRs 324,511

Source: Nepal Transport Corporation

- 152 - G-8

TABLE G-8

KOSI CONSTRUCTION RAILWAY

This railway is operated exclusively for the use of the IndianGovernment forces constructing the Kosi projects. Therefore, thereare no records as to traffic, revenues or expenses.

This Nepal portion of this railway may be offered to the NepalGovernment upon completion of this project. The portion in Tndia mayeither be abandoned or converted to meter gauge. The issue is beforethe Indian Transport Minister but no decision has been made.

Line is reported to be 113.6 km. in length as follows:

- Bathnaha (connection with Tndian Railway meter-gauge line near Jogbani) to Bhimnagar (atKosi Barrage) 40,0 km

- Bhimnagar to Chakreagatta Junction 35.2

- Chakreagatta Junction to Chatra 19.2

- Chakreagatta Junction to Kharan Bazaar 19.2

IL3.6 km

The track is 2' 6" gauge and is designed to accept 5-ton loads oneach axle. Mostly laid with 35- and 41-lbo secondhand rail. Built in1955. Remaining useful life is reported to be 5 to 7 years without majorrehabilitation.

Equipment: - 270 low-sided 20-ton stone wagons; 150 purchased new 1959/60.- 9 engines under steam ranging from fair to poor condition;

4 awaiting major repairs, 5 inoperable, should be scrapped.

There is a repair shop having old but usable equipment, includingone wheel lathe, two axle lathes, and several drill presses.

Principal operations are north of Bhimnagar to Chatra and DharanBazaar. Generally, one train each way per day to bring stone.

- 153 - G-9

TABLE G-9

RAITI4AY TARIFF FOR GOCDS TRAFFIC

Rate per mileper maund

Class Description in NRs

I Offensive goods, explosive and dangerous goods,inflammable goods excepting petrol and K. oil 10

II Treasure including bullion, spices, gold, silver,plates, coins, golds and all excepting articlesand fragile goods 8

IIT Heavy machineries, motorcars, etc. 3

IV Piece goods ,cigars and cigarettes, yarn, mixedgoods, fancy goods, toilet goods, perfumerygoods, oil and floor, cloths, silk and wovlengoods 5

V Petrol, K. oil in 2-gallon and 4-gallon tins asper gallon and all short of machinery oils andgreases in loose and bulk containers 2

VI Intoxicating drugs, herbs, tobacco, etc. 4

VII Firewood, fodder and forage logs, scantlings,sleepers, small logs, huslcs, coal, stoamor rubble, building materials, boulders andballast excepting cement and lime 1

VIII All grains and cereals, rice paddy, wheat,maize, mustard seeds, oats, kiranas, salt,etc., ordinary goods not falling under theabove-named categories, cement and lime 3

IX Ehpty containers, metal or wooden 2

Raxaul-Amlekhganj 29 miles x 3 = 87 pieces per maund

Source: Nepal Transport Corporation

- 154 - G-10

TABLE G-10

ROPEWAY TARIFF FOR GOODS TRAFFIC(Including Method of Computation)

The tariff rates are based on tlhe following estimates ofcosts and sales:

Estimated Cost Forecast:

1. Salaries ----------------------------------------- IRs 690,0002. Lubricants --------_----------___________-_____- 25,0003. Electricity 245 kw. per hour at 8.5 hours

per day with 280 wozking days at 30 piecesper kw. -____________________-___________________ 174,930

4. Repairs and replacements at $ro,COO at 7.56 iJRs-- 378,0005. Amortization of total 500,000 based on

30 years cost per year -------------------------- 1660,000

MiRs 2,927,930

This gives a daily cost of approximately NRs 10,454

Estimated Sales Forecast:

1. Daily average hours of productive operation ----- 8.5 hours(1/2 hr. allowed for stoppage for operationalreasons)

2. Based on 8-1/2 hrs. a dayTotal haulage ----------------------------------- 212-1/2 tons

(slowly)3. Minimum charge to offset ------------------------ 5,100 mds.

Operating cost per maund is NRs 2.02

Rates Adopted

Class I - Food grains and salt ---------------- NRs 2.00 per md.Class II - Construction materials --------------- MRs 2.25 "Class III - Other goods -------------------------- Rs 2.50 " "Class IV - Goods with length 6' to 12' ---------- WRs 3.00 " "Class V - Over 12' ---------------------------- NRs 4.50 " "

Source: Nepal Transport Corporation.

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