Workshop on Climatic Analysis and Mapping for Agriculture

Bologna – Italy 14 – 16 June, 2005

Manuel Carvajal

Ecuador

WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE METEOROLOGIAE HIDROLOGIA - INAMHI

Geographical Location

•Northwest of South America•Equator Line•Between Colombia and Peru, East of the Pacific Ocean

Geographical Location

•Elevation from 0 to 6310 m.a.s.l.•Three Natural regionsA) CoastalMostly PlainB) Highland“Andes Cordillera”C) AmazonPlainRain forest

Continental Topographical Conditions

A

B

C

Climatic classification by Thornthwaite

• Water BalanceP = ET + ▲HS + I + E Where:P = rainfall ( irrigation if it is

done)ET = evapotranspiration▲HS = Variation of water soil

storageI = deep soil infiltrationE = runoff

• Hydric Index (lm)Im = 100 E – 60 D ETo Where: E = Humidity excess/annualD= Humidity deficit/annual

ETo Main factor

• Seasonal Humidity Variation

With 2 components

Aridity Index

(Ia) = 100D/ ETP

Humidity Index

(Ih) = 100E/ ETP

“Climatic Type” by Thornthwaite

• Thermal Efficiency IndexOn function of yearly ETP (mm)Less than 142 to more than 1140

• Thermal Efficiency Concentration (TEC)

TEC = ETP summer months x 1000 ETP annual

“Climatic Type” by Thornthwaite1. Highly Humid

(Tropical rain forest)

2. Humid (Tropical monsoon)

3. Sub humid (Tropical grassland)

4. Arid5. Temperate

humid6. Temperate dry7. Humid high

barren plain

12

34

5

6

7

Crop Information

Common Name: BananaScientific Name: Musa paradisiacaVegetative Cycle (months):12 Elevation (m.a.s.l.):Max. 1500 Min. 5 Opt. 150Rainfall (mm): 500 to 1200 annualTemperature (°C): Max. 32 Min. 15 Opt. 22 to

26Sunshine (sun hours):1200 annual

m.a.s.l = meters above sea level; Max = maximum; Min= minimum;Opt = Optimum

Crop Information

Common Name: Roses & CarnationScientific Name:Vegetative Cycle (months):12 Elevation (m.a.s.l.):Max. 2000 Min. 2800 Opt.

2400Rainfall (mm): 1000 Temperature (°C): Max. 25 Min. 10 Opt. 13 to

21Sunshine (sun hours):1200 - 1400

m.a.s.l = meter above sea level; Max = maximum; Min; minimum;Opt = Optimum

Crop Information

Common name: cassava Scientific name: Manihot utilissima Vegetative cycle (months): 9 Elevation (m.A.S.L.):Max. 2500 min. 200 opt. 500 Rainfall (mm):1200 Temperature (°C): max. 32 min. 15 opt. 20 to 26 Sunshine (sun hours):1500

M.A.S.L = meter above sea level; Max = maximum; Min; Minimum;Opt = optimum

Questions• Elevation (m.a.s.l.) and temperature has

direct relation• Is temperature range and sunshine the main

factors?Because from our point of view:• Rainfall rarely be in amount enough to

satisfy water crop necessities, so rainfall is something like a guide but not a constraint parameter?

• Humidity has relationship with rainfall and temperature, is necessary to agroclimatic classification?

• Soil variability is not a constraint, because it could be improved.

• What do you think about agroclimatic classification by Bagnolus – Gaussen or Koppen?

Questions

Italian Scientifics…. is Pavari or Pignatti a methods than can be applied to our particular conditions?

• THEN….

Please answer the questions and help us to make a good work in agroclimatic mapping

Questions

Thanks

INAMHI

www.inamhi.gov.ec

AGROMETEOROLOGY

agromet@inamhi.gov.ec

carvajal@inamhi.gov.ec

Iñaquito N14-36 y corea

Quito - Ecuador

Telefax: (593-2) 224 1874 / 224 8268