Working With and Sharing Working With and Sharing Interview MaterialInterview Material

9310028A Isaac9310028A Isaac 9310044A Nicole9310044A Nicole 9310056A Nancy9310056A Nancy

9310804A Ivy9310804A Ivy 9310902A Albee9310902A Albee

Instructor: Mavis ShangInstructor: Mavis ShangDate: May. 7. 2008Date: May. 7. 2008

Managing the Data

organize the material & keep accessible

1.trace interview data to the original source 2.contact participant readily

pay attention

Keeping Interviewing and Analysis Separate

gathering and analyzing data → difficult to separate → integrate the 2 stages, each informs the

other 1. conduct interviews 2. study & analyze 3. frame new questions 4. conduct further interviews

avoid in-depth analysis of the data, until you complete all the interviews

Tape-recorded Interviews tiresome to transcribe listen to the tapes several times →then pick out important sections →then transcribe

Disadvantages: preselect parts of the tape

and omit others → premature judgmentsAdvantage: labor-saving

Other solution: hire a transcriber →verbatim →record nonverbal signals &

interruptions

Studying and Reducing the Text

reducing data → inductively ＞ deductively → open attitude → objectivity ( let the interview speak for itself)

Marking what is of interest in the text●To read and mark with brackets what is interest.

＊ What is of essential interest is embedded in

each researcher topic and will arise from each

transcript. (depend on your major points)

● Reading with judgment

● Mark the interest information that attracts your

attention (do not hesitate and be doubt)

● Researchers check those marked information with

participants.

Sharing interview data: Profiles and themes

● In order to reduce materials, reseacher marks the interest part and then shape material for sharing and display.

＊ To group participants’ profile into categories.

＊ To mark individual massages group

the information into categories study the

categories, study the connections within

groups and among groups.

Two ways to share interview data

Rationale for crafting profiles The complete and compelling datum conclude

beginning, a middle, an end, sense of conflict and resolution can be shaped into a profile of the participant.

If it is not complete data, then it can be supported as short narrative.

The transcripts in participants’ own words can transmit the person’s consciousness.

The crafting profiles:

To display the coherence of participants’ experience details

To share the coherence that they has expressed

To link their individual experience into the context.

Steps in Crafting a Profile

1. Read the transcript2. Mark passages of interest3. Label those passages4. Make two copies of the marked and

labeled transcript5. Cut and file the marked passages (paste them together into a single

transcript)6. Read the cut-and-paste transcript7. Craft a narrative

A Profile

◆ Present the words of the participant

◆ Use the first–person voice of the participant

E.g. It’s my ninth year. I only wanted to do it

for a year….

◆ Put some language in brackets (let readers know the language is

inserted in order to clarify a passage) E.g. I think [day care] a lot of the times

helps the parents.

◆ Use ellipses to omit material or skip paragraphs or pages E.g. It makes me feel real good….

◆ Delete certain characteristics of oral speech

E.g. “uhms”, “ahs”, “you know”.

◆ Present material in the order in which it comes in the interviews a. Don’t change meaning b. Faithful to present material

A Consideration

- Protect the identity of the participant ◆ Use a pseudonym ◆ Change certain identity background E.g. A freshman becomes a junior

★ The disguise must not misrepresent what the

participant has said in the interview.

Making Thematic Connections

1. A more conventional way of presenting interview data is to organize excerpts from the transcripts into categories.

* excerpts=citation

2. Theme: Connections between the various categories

1.During the process of reading and marking the transcripts of interview, the researcher can being

to label the passages that he or she has marked as interesting.

2.Locking in categories too early can lead to dead ends because some of categories will work out.

1.Researchers should also label each passage with a coding system that will designate its original place in the transcript.

* designate=point out

2.Coding system can help you retrace original place of excerpt in the transcript

*coding system:

ex. Roman numeral (I. II. III.) for the

interview sequence Arabic numbers (1.2.3) for the page

number of transcript

1.File those excerpts either in computer or in folders

2.The process of working with excerpts from participants’ interviews, seeking connections among them, and building interpretative categories is demanding and involves risks.

3.The danger is that the researcher will try to force the excerpts into categories, and the categories into themes that he or she already has in mind, rather than let them develop from the experience of the participants as represented in the interview.

Interpreting and analyzing the material

What is Interpreting and analyzing??*Making passages that are of interest*labeling them *grouping them *crafting a profile ---excerpts arranged

in categories.

Final step in the process

asking what you learned from interview

Studying the transcripts Making label of them crafting a profile Organize categories

What connections?---participant What do u understand now? -- than

before What conformation of previous

instincts? How consistent/ inconsistent? -

literature

Claser and strauss(1976) Write a memorandum

Example: How they were pickedWhat they mean to you

Evidence

Early stages Last stage To ask what the

research has meant to him or her.

*events *structures*roles*social forces--------------------------------

Theories-> the purpose of research

Narratives-> a function of our interaction with the participants and

their words.

Research Limit Strength - we can understand the details of

their experiences from their point of view