working together for a safer world spotlight on marine fuel issues an overview sophia themelarou...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Working together for a safer world Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues An overview Sophia Themelarou Lloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e495503460f94b3d290/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Working togetherfor a safer world
Spotlight on Marine Fuel IssuesAn overview
Sophia Themelarou Lloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory Service (FOBAS)
ELINA PROJECT – 5th FORUM, APRIL 25TH 2014
![Page 2: Working together for a safer world Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues An overview Sophia Themelarou Lloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e495503460f94b3d290/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Lloyd’s Register Marine FOBAS
Overview
![Page 3: Working together for a safer world Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues An overview Sophia Themelarou Lloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e495503460f94b3d290/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
PART 1 Fuel Quality
![Page 4: Working together for a safer world Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues An overview Sophia Themelarou Lloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e495503460f94b3d290/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Lloyd’s Register Marine FOBAS
Introduction
• Bunker fuel is NOT a uniform product or product stream in itself
• Various streams of heavy residues and lighter cutter stocks are used to make the final blend
• Product in bunker tanks on board the ship is the result of optimization between production costs and compliance with specifications
• Composition of fuel delivered to ships has changed over the last few decades
• Rising costs and fluctuations in feedstock quality as well as optimized refining techniques make fuels more complex in nature
![Page 5: Working together for a safer world Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues An overview Sophia Themelarou Lloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e495503460f94b3d290/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Lloyd’s Register Marine FOBAS
Marine Fuel Oils
Residual fuel oils
Blended from:
Atmospheric residues
Vacuum residues
Visbroken residue
Process residues+ distillate
Distillates
Blends usually for DMB/ DMC grades only
- FAME?
Grades (ISO 8217:2010):
RMA10, RMB30, RMD80
RME180
RMG180, RMG380, RMG500
RMG700, RMK380, RMK500, RMK700
Grades (ISO 8217:2010): DMX, DMA, DMZ and DMB
![Page 6: Working together for a safer world Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues An overview Sophia Themelarou Lloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e495503460f94b3d290/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Lloyd’s Register Marine FOBAS
Changing Landscape of Blending
![Page 7: Working together for a safer world Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues An overview Sophia Themelarou Lloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e495503460f94b3d290/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Lloyd’s Register Marine FOBAS
Main target blend specification
![Page 8: Working together for a safer world Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues An overview Sophia Themelarou Lloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e495503460f94b3d290/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Lloyd’s Register Marine FOBAS
From Fuel Compatibility to Stability
Unit sheets
Asphaltene stacks
Start of agglomerate formation
Asphaltene deposits
![Page 9: Working together for a safer world Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues An overview Sophia Themelarou Lloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e495503460f94b3d290/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Lloyd’s Register Marine FOBAS
Two-Component Model (Shell, 1952)
• Fuel oil system consists of two pseudo components:
• Asphaltenes : largest, most polar molecules with a tendency to form a separate phaseAssigned value: FR max (insolubility number)
• Maltenes : the rest of the solution which acts as a solvent for the asphaltenesAssigned value: Po (solubility number)
Fuel is stable as long as Po > FR max (or Po/FR max >1)
![Page 10: Working together for a safer world Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues An overview Sophia Themelarou Lloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e495503460f94b3d290/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Lloyd’s Register Marine FOBAS
Fuel Quality Key Issues
![Page 11: Working together for a safer world Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues An overview Sophia Themelarou Lloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e495503460f94b3d290/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Lloyd’s Register Marine FOBAS
Is sludge generation a problem?
• 26% of the total investigation cases of FOBAS (2013) were sludge/ filter clogging based
![Page 12: Working together for a safer world Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues An overview Sophia Themelarou Lloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e495503460f94b3d290/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
PART 2 Future development
![Page 13: Working together for a safer world Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues An overview Sophia Themelarou Lloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e495503460f94b3d290/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Lloyd’s Register Marine FOBAS
Emissions regulations drivers
• SOX
• NOX
• CO2
• Particulate Matter
![Page 14: Working together for a safer world Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues An overview Sophia Themelarou Lloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e495503460f94b3d290/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Lloyd’s Register Marine FOBAS
Marine Exhaust Emission Controls
![Page 15: Working together for a safer world Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues An overview Sophia Themelarou Lloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e495503460f94b3d290/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Lloyd’s Register Marine FOBAS
Sulphur Emissions Regulatory Framework
4.50%
3.50%
1.50%
1.1.2012
1.1.2020* 1.1.2025
1.00%
0.10%
1.7.20101.1.2015
Outside ECA-SOx
ECA-SOx0.50%
4.50%
3.50%
1.50%
1.1.2012
1.1.2020* 1.1.2025
1.00%
0.10%
1.7.20101.1.2015
Outside ECA-SOx
ECA-SOx0.50%
![Page 16: Working together for a safer world Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues An overview Sophia Themelarou Lloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e495503460f94b3d290/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Lloyd’s Register Marine FOBAS
Current Emission Control Areas (ECA-SOx)
![Page 17: Working together for a safer world Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues An overview Sophia Themelarou Lloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e495503460f94b3d290/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Lloyd’s Register Marine FOBAS
Reducing Emissions ~ The Refineries Perspective
• Currently shipping is a wide residual fuel market - low value by product- but significant investment required to deliver <0.50 & <0.10% S fuel – 2015/20
Will abatement technologies or Alt – fuels ease demand on refineries? Will emissions technology evolve resulting in more stranded refinery
investment risk?
![Page 18: Working together for a safer world Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues An overview Sophia Themelarou Lloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e495503460f94b3d290/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Lloyd’s Register Marine FOBAS
Alternative Fuels?
![Page 19: Working together for a safer world Spotlight on Marine Fuel Issues An overview Sophia Themelarou Lloyd’s Register, Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649e495503460f94b3d290/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Lloyd’s Register and variants of it are trading names of Lloyd’s Register Group Limited, its subsidiaries and affiliates.Copyright © Lloyd’s Register [Entity]. 2013. A member of the Lloyd’s Register group.
Sophia ThemelarouFOBAS Assistant Specialist, Marine Fuels & EnvironmentFuel Oil Bunker Analysis and Advisory Service (FOBAS) T +30 210 4580 874 E [email protected]
Hellenic Lloyd’s SA 87, Akti Miaouli StreetPiraeus, 185 38
Working togetherfor a safer world