fuel quality - update · håkon b. thoresen 11 october 2010 fuel quality - update intertanko istec...

Håkon B. Thoresen11 October 2010

Fuel Quality - Update

INTERTANKO ISTEC & Bunker Sub-committee, Singapore

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.


11 October 2010

2

New statutory sulphur limits in force in 2010 :



11 October 2010

3

HEAVY FUEL OIL QUALITY - RECENT DEVELOPMENT

Blending to meet required sulphur limits results in:

� Increased average density

� Increased average catfines level (Al+Si)

� Increase in sludging problems

�Reduced ignition and combustion quality.

� Increased problems with chemical contamination of fuel.



11 October 2010

4

Average sulphur content georegion LSHFO/HSHFO (July-Oct 2010)



11 October 2010

5

Average Al+Si - LSHFO/HSFO georegion(July-Oct 2010)



11 October 2010

6



11 October 2010

7

Development off-spec FP and marginal on-spec FP fuelsFlash Point trends 2007

2% 6%

12%

80%

% off specs development % Samples FP 60 - 61 % Samples FP 62 - 64 % Samples 65 and above

Flash Point trends 2008

5%14%

20%61%


Flash Point trends 2009

7%

18%

26%

49%


Flash Point trends 2010 (Jan - Sept)

4%

20%

37%

39%




11 October 2010

8



11 October 2010

9

ISO 8217

First version – 1987

Second version – 1996

Latest version – 2005

New version - 2010

9 years

9 years

5 years???WHY NOW??



11 October 2010

10

Development of ISO 8217:2010 Specification of Marine fuels

� A particular driver behind the development of ISO 8217:2010 edition has been the request by IMO MEPC 57 in April 2008 (to ISO) for recommendations on specific parameters related to air quality (environment), ship safety, engine performance and crew health as well as specific values for each ; and

� to have a new ISO 8217 Specification for marine fuels ready by the entry into force of the Revised MARPOL Annex VI on 1 July 2010.

� Balloting for ISO / DIS 8217 was completed December 2009

� 6 countries voted negative or 20% but short of 25%, 18 countries in favour, the majority had comments

� ISO / FDIS was developed after additional ISO Working Group meetings and completed in March 2010

� ISO / FDIS has a further balloting process from 19th March 2010 to 19th May 2010

� ISO 8217:2010 English edition published on 15 June 2010



11 October 2010

11

ISO 8217:2010 - New tests

SodiumOxidation stability

CCAILubricity

(for samples with S <0.05%)

H2SH2S

Acid numberAcid number

ResidualsDistillates



11 October 2010

12

ISO 8217:2010 - Changes for Distillate fuels

Distillate

� Additional grade, DMZ, has been added with a minimum viscosity of 3,000 mm2/s at 40°C, (DMA grade with 3,000 instead of 2,000).

� The previous DMC category has been removed. Moved to HFO Table as RMA10 (after modification).

� DMA minimum viscosity has been raised to 2,000 mm2/s.

� DMB minimum viscosity has been added to 2,000 mm2/s.

� The appearance clause has been amended



11 October 2010

13

Distillate fuels Standard ISO 8217:2010

DMX DMA DMZ DMB

max. 5.500 6.000 6.000 11.00min. 1.400 2.000 3.000 2.000

kg/m3 max. - 890.0 890.0 900.0 ISO 3675 or ISO 12185 (see also 7.1) min. 45 40 40 35 ISO 4264

mass % max. 1.00 1.50 1.50 2.00 ISO 8754 (see also 7.2) °C min. 43.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 ISO 2719 (see also 7.3)

mg/kg max. 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 IP 570mg KOH/g max. 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 ASTM D664 mass % max. - - - 0.10 (e) ISO 10307-1 (see also 7.4)

g/m3 max. 25 25 25 25 (f) ISO 12205, IP 388 mass % max. 0.30 0.30 0.30 - ISO 10370mass % max. - - - 0.30 ISO 10370

°C max. -16 - - - ISO 3015 winter quality °C max. -6 -6 -6 0 ISO 3016

summer quality °C max. 0 0 0 6 ISO 3016 Clear & Bright (j) e, f, g (see also 7.4)

volume% max. - - - 0.30 (e) ISO 3733 mass % max. 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 ISO 6245

wear Scar (µm) max. 520 520 520 520 (g) ISO 12156-1a 1 mm2/s = 1 cStb Not withstanding the limits given, the purchaser shall define the maximum sulfur content in accordance with relevant statutory limitations. See Annex C.c Due to reasons stated in Annex D, the implementation date for compliance with the limit shall be 1 July 2012. Until such time, the specified value is given for guidance. For distillate fuels the precision data is currently being developedd Purchasers should ensure that this pour point is suitable for the equipment on board, especially if the ships operate in cold climatese If the sample is not clear and bright the total sediment by hot filtration and water tests shall be required, See 7.4 and 7.6f If the sample is not clear and bright the test cannot be undertaken and hence oxidation stability limit shall not applyg If the sample is not clear and bright the test cannot be undertanken and hence lubricity limit shall not applyh This requirement is applicable to fuels with a sulfur content below 500mg/kg (0.05 mass%)j If the sample is dued and not transparent, then the water limit and test method as given in 7.6 shall apply

Ash Lubricity, corrected wear scar diameter (wsd 1,4) at 60°C (h)

Characteristics

ISO 3104

Carbon residue – micro method Cloud point

Appearance Water

Acid Number

Carbon residue – micro method on the 10% (V/V) distillation residue

Test method reference Catagory ISO-F-

Unit Limit

Pour point (upper) (d)

Kinematic viscosity at 40°C (a)mm2/s

Density at 15 °C Cetane Index Sulfur (b)Flash point Hydrogen sulfide ©

Total sediment existent Stability



11 October 2010

14

ISO 8217:2010 - New tests

SodiumOxidation stability

CCAILubricity

(for samples with S <0.05%)

H2SH2S

Acid numberAcid number

ResidualsDistillates



11 October 2010

15

ISO 8217:2010 - Changes for HFO

HFO

� RMA 10 has been added.

� RMG and RMK have been expanded to include additional viscosity grades.

� RMF and RMH categories have been removed.

� Sulfur limits have not been tabulated (controlled by statutory requirements).

� Potential Total Sediment (TSP) has been assigned as the reference test method. Accelerated Total Sediment (TSA) has been added as an alternative test method.

� Ash limit values have been reduced for many of the categories.

� Vanadium limit values have been reduced (unchanged for RMB 30) except RMG 380 (slightly increased)

� Aluminium plus silicon limit values have been reduced.

� The criteria for assessing whether a fuel contains used lubricating oil have been amended.



11 October 2010

16

Residual fuels Standard ISO 8217:2010

RMA RMB RMD RME10 30 80 180 180 380 500 700 380 500 700

Kinematic viscosity at 50 °C (b) mm²/s max. 10.00 30.0 0 80.00 180.0 180.0 380.0 500.0 700.0 380.0 500.0 700.0 ISO 3104

Density at 15 °C kg/m³ max. 920.0 960.0 975.0 991.0 991.0 991.0 991.0 991.0 1010.0 1010.0 1010.0 ISO 3675 or ISO 12185 (see also 7.1)

CCAI max. 850 860 860 860 See Annex B

Sulfur (c) mass % max. ISO 8754 (see also 7.2)

Flash point °C min. 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 ISO 2719 (see also 7.3)

Hydrogen sulfide (d) mg/kg max. 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 IP 570

Acid Number (e) mg KOH/g max. 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 ASTM D664

Total Sediment Potential mass % max. 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 ISO 10307-2 Procedure A

Carbon residue –micro method mass % max. 2.50 10.00 14.00 15.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 ISO10370

Pour point (upper) - winter quality (f) max. 0 0 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 ISO 3016

Pour point (upper) - summer quality max. 6 6 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 ISO 3016

Water Volume% max. 0.30 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 ISO3733

Ash mass % max. 0.040 0.070 0.070 0.070 ISO6245

Vanadium mg/kg max. 50 150 150 150 IP 501, IP 470 or ISO 14597 (see also 7.8)

Sodium mg/kg max. 50 100 100 50 IP 501, IP470

Aluminium plus silicon mg/kg max. 25 40 40 50 IP 501, IP 470 or ISO 10478 (See also 7.8)

a This category is based on previous distillate DMC category specified in ISO8217:2005, Table 1b 1 mm2/s = 1 cStc The purchaser shall define the maximum sufur content in accordance with relevant statutory limitations. See Clause 0.3 and Annex Cd Due to reasons stated in Annex D the implementation date for compliance with the limit shall be 1 July 2012. Until such time, the specified value is given for guidancee See Annex Hf Purchasers shall ensure that this pour point is suitable for the equipment on board, especially if the ship may operate in cold climates

mg/kg Used lubricating oil (ULO): Zinc

PhosphorusCalcium

60

100

60

IP 501 or IP 470Ca > 30 and Zn > 15

orCa > 30 and P > 15

0.50

0.150

450

100

°C

2.5

0.100

350

20.00

870 870

Statutory requirements

2.00 2.00

2.5

0.10

RMKCatagory ISO-F-

RMG Test method reference Unit LimitCharacteristics

0.10



11 October 2010

17

ISO 8217:2010 - Aluminium+Silicon

Al+Si new maximum limit;

1. RMA10 – 25 mg/kg

2. RMB30 – 40 mg/kg

3. RMD80 – 40 mg/kg

4. RME180 – 50 mg/kg

5. RMG180/380/500/700 – 60 mg/kg

6. RMK380/500/700 – 60 mg/kg

Engine builders have recommended that after on board treatment the fuel entering the engine should contain less than 15 mg/kg.



11 October 2010

18

ISO 8217:2010 - CCAI

Calculated Carbon Aromaticity Index (CCAI)

� Not a new discovery…

� Limit of 870 included for all RMG and RMK residual grades

� RMB, RMD and RME have 860 as the limit, RMA has 850 as the limit

� DNVPS Statistics: Only 0.02% of MFO 380 delivered globally exceed 870

CCAI = ρ – 81 – 141*log([log(ν+0,85)] + 483*log((T+273)/323)



11 October 2010

19

ISO 8217:2010 – Fuel Combustion Analysis (IP 541/06)

Fuel combustion analyses - FCA

� Alternative method is the IP 541/06 – Fuel Combustion Analyses (FCA)

� Annex F expanded to include the IP541/06: Alternative ignition and combustion quality test method

� Clause 6.3 – Annex F provides a basis for suppliers & purchasers to agree ontighter ignition quality characteristics – “where the ignition quality is known to be critical”



11 October 2010

20

ISO 8217:2010 – Amendments of “Clause 5”

� General requirements have been expanded

� Emphasis on ‘any component’ that renders the fuel unacceptable

� FAME as a blend component not allowed

� New Annex B – Deleterious materials

� ISO & CIMAC – initiated research on the analysis & interpretation of the chemical composition and the levels at which the materials can cause operational problems



11 October 2010

21

ISO 8217:2010 Clause 5 – FAME

� In marine industry today there is no known generalised experience with biodiesel, or biodiesel blends.

� ISO asked IMO to consider the status of biodiesel fuels, and blends of the same with petroleum based fuels, with regards to the MARPOL Convention

� The previous marine fuel standard ISO 8217:2005 specifically refers to petroleum derived products only, thereby excluding any bio-derived products.

� Due to the practice of blending, it is almost inevitable, that some marine distillates, and even perhaps marine residual fuels, could contain a limited proportion of biodiesel.



11 October 2010

22

ISO 8217:2010 : New Clause 5 (General Requirements)

5.1 The fuel shall conform to the characteristics and limits given in Table 1 or Table 2, as appropriate, when tested in accordance with the methods specified.

5.2 The fuels shall be homogeneous blends of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum refining. This shall not preclude the incorporation of additives intended to improve some aspects of the fuel’s characteristics and performance. The fuels shall be free from both inorganic acids and used lubricating oils.

5.3 Fuels shall be free from any material that renders the fuel unacceptable for use in marine applications.

5.4 The fuel shall be free from bio-derived materials o ther than ‘de minimis’ levels of FAME (FAME shall be in accordance with the requirements of EN 14214 or ASTM D6751). In the context of this international standard, ‘de minimis’ means an amount that does not render the fuel unacceptable for use in marine applications. The blending of FAME shall not be allowed. NOTE : See Annex A

5.5.The fuel should not contain any additive at the concentration used in the fuel, or any added substance or chemical waste…



11 October 2010

23

ISO 8217:2010 - Lubricity test for Distillate fuels

� Required for distillates with sulphur < 0.050% mass (500 mg/kg)

� Too low lubricity may result in fuel pump seizures

� PCS HFRR (High Frequency Reciprocating Rig) System



11 October 2010

24

ISO 8217: 2010 Clause 5 – chemical contaminants

Precautionary and additional measures

� Additional GC-MS screening of bunker sample (prior to using fuel)

� In depth forensic analyses: Head-space GCMS, FTIR and SEM

� Trend of more contaminated fuels in the market

� The risk of getting contaminated fuel is higher in some geographical area



11 October 2010

25

Safeguarding life, property and the environment

www.dnv.com

fuel quality - update · håkon b. thoresen 11 october 2010 fuel quality - update intertanko istec...

Documents