What are the key International What are the key International regulations governing the prohibition regulations governing the prohibition of child labour ,and do you think they of child labour ,and do you think they

are successful?are successful?

Prepared By:Prepared By:

1.Falguni Moyeed1.Falguni Moyeed

2.Arifur Khan2.Arifur Khan

3.Md.Rahat.3.Md.Rahat.

Slide ContentSlide Content

What is child labour?What is child labour? Why child labour?Why child labour? Reasons of child labour.Reasons of child labour. International regulation on child labour.International regulation on child labour. International Programme on the International Programme on the

Elimination of Child Labour.Elimination of Child Labour. Recent Fact of 2010 and Whether Recent Fact of 2010 and Whether

Legislations have failed, Or not.Legislations have failed, Or not. RecommendationRecommendation

What is child Labour?What is child Labour?

The term “child labour” is often The term “child labour” is often defined as:defined as:

Work that deprives children of their Work that deprives children of their childhood.childhood.

Deprive their potential and their Deprive their potential and their dignity, dignity,

Which is harmful to physical andWhich is harmful to physical and Mental developmentMental development

Why Child Labour?Why Child Labour?

Poverty .Poverty . Over population.Over population. IlliteracyIlliteracy AdultAdult Unemployment . Unemployment . Urbanization Urbanization

International International Regulations on the child Regulations on the child

labourlabour The Convention on the Rights of the The Convention on the Rights of the

Child is the first legally binding Child is the first legally binding international instrument .international instrument .

The Convention sets out these rights The Convention sets out these rights in 54 articles and two Optional in 54 articles and two Optional ProtocolsProtocols . .

The Four core principles of theThe Four core principles of theConvention are :Convention are :

Non-DiscriminationNon-Discrimination . . Devotion to the best interests of the Devotion to the best interests of the

childchild . . The right to life, survival and The right to life, survival and

developmentdevelopment Respect for the views of the child.Respect for the views of the child.

International Labour International Labour Organisation (ILO) Organisation (ILO)

Conventions set out by ILO:Conventions set out by ILO:

Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138):Tthis :Tthis fundamental convention sets the general minimum age fundamental convention sets the general minimum age for admission to employment or work at 15 years and the for admission to employment or work at 15 years and the minimum age for hazardous work at 18. minimum age for hazardous work at 18.

Worst Form of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182)::this fundamental convention defines as a "child" a person this fundamental convention defines as a "child" a person under 18 years of age. It requires ratifying states to under 18 years of age. It requires ratifying states to eliminate the worst forms of child labour, including all eliminate the worst forms of child labour, including all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage and the sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labour, including serfdom and forced or compulsory labour, including forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict; child prostitution and pornography; using armed conflict; child prostitution and pornography; using children for illicit activities, in particular for the children for illicit activities, in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs; production and trafficking of drugs;

International Programme International Programme on the Elimination of Child on the Elimination of Child

Labour :Labour :

Organization who is working for it Organization who is working for it calledcalled

IPEC (IPEC (International Programme on the International Programme on the

Elimination of Child LabourElimination of Child Labour ) )

Strategy taken by IPEC:Strategy taken by IPEC: Motivating a broad alliance of partners to Motivating a broad alliance of partners to

acknowledge and act against child labour.acknowledge and act against child labour. Carrying out a situational analysis to find out about Carrying out a situational analysis to find out about

child labour problems.child labour problems. Assisting with developing and implementing national Assisting with developing and implementing national

policies on child labour problems.policies on child labour problems. Strengthening existing organizations and setting up Strengthening existing organizations and setting up

institutional mechanisms.institutional mechanisms. Supporting direct action with (potential) child workers Supporting direct action with (potential) child workers

for demonstration purposes, including time-bound for demonstration purposes, including time-bound programmes to address worst form of child labour.programmes to address worst form of child labour.

Replicating and expanding successful projects into the Replicating and expanding successful projects into the programmes of partners.programmes of partners.

Mainstreaming child labour issues into socio-Mainstreaming child labour issues into socio-economic policies, programmes and budgets.economic policies, programmes and budgets.

Recent facts on the child Recent facts on the child labour in 2010labour in 2010 And Why And Why Legislation has Failed:Legislation has Failed:

The global number of child labourers stands at 215 The global number of child labourers stands at 215 million, only seven million less than in 2004.million, only seven million less than in 2004.

Among 5-14 year olds, the number of children in Among 5-14 year olds, the number of children in child labour has declined by 10 per cent and the child labour has declined by 10 per cent and the number of children in hazardous work by 31 per number of children in hazardous work by 31 per cent.cent.

There has been a welcome 15 per cent decrease in There has been a welcome 15 per cent decrease in the number of girls in child labour and a 24 per cent the number of girls in child labour and a 24 per cent decline in the number of girls in hazardous work. decline in the number of girls in hazardous work. Boys, however, saw their work increase, both in Boys, however, saw their work increase, both in terms of incidence rates and in absolute numbers. terms of incidence rates and in absolute numbers. The extent of hazardous work among boys remained The extent of hazardous work among boys remained relatively stable.relatively stable.

There has been an alarming 20 per cent increase in There has been an alarming 20 per cent increase in child labour in the 15-17 years age group – from 52 child labour in the 15-17 years age group – from 52 million to 62 million.million to 62 million.

RecommendationsRecommendations Single action or isolated measures against child labour Single action or isolated measures against child labour

will not have a lasting impact. Actions must be part of will not have a lasting impact. Actions must be part of an overall national plan.an overall national plan.

To develop effective national (and international) To develop effective national (and international) policies and programmers, extensive research must be policies and programmers, extensive research must be undertaken to determine the state of child labour.undertaken to determine the state of child labour.

Child labour is often viewed as an unavoidable Child labour is often viewed as an unavoidable consequence of poverty. Without greater awareness consequence of poverty. Without greater awareness about the extent and exploitative nature of child labour, about the extent and exploitative nature of child labour, the conditions for change will not occur.the conditions for change will not occur.

Government action against child labour often ends with Government action against child labour often ends with making laws.making laws.

Initiatives against child labour traditionally come from Initiatives against child labour traditionally come from non-governmental organizations that have limited non-governmental organizations that have limited resources. It needs to work together with other resources. It needs to work together with other segments of civil society — the media, educators, artists segments of civil society — the media, educators, artists and parliamentarians — should also be enlisted in the and parliamentarians — should also be enlisted in the fight.fight.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:PRIMARY SOURCES:

1.Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138), International Labour Standard by Subject, <http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/subjectE.htm#s03> accessed 26 October 2010

2.Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182) , International Labour Standard by Subject, <http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/subjectE.htm#s03> accessed 26 October 2010

SECONDARY SOURCES: Articles: Douglas A. Galbi, ‘Child Labor and the Division of Labor in the Early English Cotton

Mills’, <http:// www.galbithink.org/fw.htm> accessed 23 October 2010. International Labour Office, ‘Child Labour: A textbook for the university students’,

First Edition (2004). Morad Kordi, ‘A Model for Assessing Child Labor Law and Regulations in Iran’,

European Journal of Social Sciences – Volume 14, Number 4 (2010) <http://www.eurojournals.com/ejss_14_4_06.pdf> accessed 25 October 2010.

MISCELLANEOUS: Websites: <http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article- 1312764/Britains-

child.slaves-New-book-says-misery-helped-forge-Britain.html> accessed 23 October 2010.

Child labor, < http://www.childlabor.in/causes-of-child-labour.htm News, ‘Daily mail UK’ > accessed 23 October 2010. International Labour Standard by Subject,

<http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/subjectE.htm#s03> accessed 26 October 2010. International Labour Organisation,

<http://www.ilo.org/ipec/Action/lang--en/index.htm> accessed 24 October 2010. International Labour Organisation, <http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---

dgreports/---dcomm/documents/publication/wcms.12 6685.pdf

Thank YouThank You