work group behaviour

8/7/2019 Work Group Behaviour

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WORK GROUP BEHAVIOUR


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OVERVIEW

Definition of a Group

Nature of Groups

A Model of Group Formation and Development

Types of Groups

Reasons for Group Formation

Stages of Group Development

Characteristics of Groups

Group Norms

Decision-Making Concepts

Definition of Decision-Making Decision-Making Methods

The Final Decision

Characteristics of an Effective Decision-Making


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DEFINITION OF A GROUP

A collection oftwo or

more interacting

individuals with a

stablepattern of

relationships who share

common goals and who

perceive themselves asbeing a group.


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NATURE OF GROUPS

There must be two or moreindividuals for there to be

a group.

They must interact with

each other in some

manner.

Accomplish a common

goal.


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A Model of Group Formation and Development

Types of Groups

Formal

-Command group

-Task group

Informal

-Interest group-Friendship group

- Small group

-Large group

-Primary group

-Secondary group

-Coalitions-Membership group

-Reference group

Reasons forGroup

Formation

-Security need

satisfaction

-Social need

satisfaction

-Esteem need

satisfaction

-Proximity and

attraction

-Group goals

-Economic

reasons

Stages of Group

Development

1. Forming

2. Storming

3. Norming

4. Performing

5. Adjourning

Some Group

Characteristics

-Composition

-Status

-Group Structure

-Leadership

-Roles

-Size of a Group

End Results

-Performance

-Satisfaction

-Development

Feedback


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TYPES OF GROUPS

Formal Group The relationship is defined by the

organizational structure.

These groups are formed by the organizationto carry out specific tasks.

Command groups - represented in theorganizational chart. Permanent in nature.

Members report to common supervisors.Functional reporting relationship exists.

Task groups - it is a group that is formed tocomplete a task.


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Informal Group

Groups that share relationships or alliances

that are not formally structured or determined

by the organizational chart.

Interest groupspeople working together for

a common interest and not because of any

organizational chart.

Friendship groupsthe focus is on people

bonding together and sharing common

characteristics.

(CONT.) TYPES OF GROUPS


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Small groups

Only a few members.

Face-to-face interaction and better communication is possible.

Large groups

Members is very high.

Personal interaction is not possible.

Primary group

It is made up of members who have similar and loyalties and has a feeling offriendship towards each other.

Secondary groups

They share same values and beliefs, but because of the size of the group, theydo not interact often with each other

Coalitions

They are created by members for a specific purposed and do not have a formalstructure.

Membership groups

They are the groups to which individual actually belongs.

Reference groups

It is actually the groups to which an individual would like to belong.

OTHER TYPES INCLUDE:


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STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENTThe five-Stage Model:

Adjourning/MourningCompletion, the group has served its purpose

PerformingAchieving the purpose, members work

together to get their job done

NormingAgreeing purpose and conduct

StormingResolving differences, marked withconflict and confrontation

FormingGroup members get to know eachother and begin to develop ground

rules


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CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUPS

Composition- Most groupactivities require a variety of

skills and knowledge.

Research studies show that

heterogeneous groupsarelikely to perform more

effectively.

Status The status assigned

to a particular position istypically a consequence of

certain characteristics that

differentiate one position from

other positions.


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(CONT.) CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUPS

Group Structure - It

helps shape the

behavior of its

members, predict the

behavior and guide theperformance of the

group as a whole.

Leadership - Leaders

behavior has a

significant impact on the

group behavior andperformance . Style of a

leader is imitated by the

members of the group.


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Roles - Set of behavior

pattern which an

individual occupying a

certain position in society

is expected to display.

Dimensions of role are:

Expected role

Perceived role

Enacted role

Size of a Groupgroups of 5-

7 members exercise the best

elements of both small and

large groups.

Social Loafingthe tendencyfor individuals to extend less

effort when working collectively

than when working

individually.

(CONT.) CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUPS


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GROUP NORMS Are the standards shared by members of a group, and

they have certain characteristics that are important to

group members.

First, norms are formed only with respect to things that

have significance for the group. Second, norms are accepted in various degrees by group

members.

Third, norms may apply to every group member, or they

may apply to only some group members.

In work groups, the most common norm relates to

productivity, and group productivity norms specify

acceptable production behaviour.


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DEFINITION OF DECISION-MAKING

Decision making can be

regarded as the mental

processes (cognitive

process) resulting in the

selection of a course ofaction among several

alternatives. Every

decision making process

produces a final choice. Theoutput can be an action or

an opinion of choice.


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Problem identification. What is the problem?

What is wrong with the current situation?

Problem analysis. View the current situation as a balancebetween restraining forces and helping forces. What are the

forces in play in your group's situation?

Criteria selection. What are the goals of the finaldecision?

Solution generation. Generate as many solutions as possible. Avoid

groupthink by listing many solutions.

Solution evaluation and selection. Measure each solutionagainst the criteria from step three.

Solution implementation. Enact the chosen

solution.

DECISION-MAKING METHODS

1. STANDARD AGENDA DEVELOPED BY JOHN DEWEY


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2. BRAINSTORMING

POPULARIZED BYALEXFAICKNEYOSBORN

Brainstormingis a group creativity technique designed to

generate a large number of ideas for the solution of aproblem. It involves group members verbally suggesting

ideas or alternative courses of action.

Group members are encouraged to generate as many ideas

about a particular topic as they can. Every idea is written

down and judgments about ideas are saved until later,when the group returns to all of the ideas and selects those

that are most useful.


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3. NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUEORIGINALLY DEVELOPED BYDELBECQ AND VANDEVEN

The nominal group technique is a structured

decision making process in which group members

are required to compose a comprehensive list of

their ideas or proposed alternatives in writing.

It is a decision making method for use among

groups of many sizes, who want to make their

decision quickly, as by a vote, but want everyone's

opinions taken into account (as opposed to

traditional voting, where only the largest group is

considered).


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THE FINAL DECISION

Consensus

Compromise

Majority VoteDecision by Leader

Arbitration


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CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EFFECTIVE

DECISION-MAKING

It focuses on what is important It is logical and consistent.

It acknowledges both subjective and objectivethinking and blends analytical with intuitivethinking.

It requires only as much information andanalysis as is necessary to resolve a particulardilemma.

It encourages and guides the gathering of

relevant information and informed opinion. It is straightforward, reliable, easy to use, and

flexible.


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Thanks for listening!

work group behaviour

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