wood manufacturing.pdf

8/17/2019 Wood manufacturing.pdf

1/55

!"#$" &'(

)*+,(&+-. *(/.&0,

&( 1''2 &(230)45

- 6"78$9:;


2/55

TECHNICAL ENGLISH IN WOOD INDUSTRY • Part 3

A distance learning practical course

Contents

Unit 1. "#$ #%&'()* (+ +,)-%',)$ . 3

Unit 2. "#$ #%&'()* (+ +,)-%',)$ .. 8

Unit 3. "$)/%-(0(1* )$02'$3 '( +,)-%',)$ 13

Unit 4. "$4#-(0(1* (+ +,)-%',)$ /2-,+24',)%-1 19

Unit 5. 56#(0&'$)%$& 25

Unit 6. 7$-$$)8 60*9((3 2-3 02/%-2'$& 31

Unit 7. :2-,+24',)%-1 '$4#-(0(1* (+ ;$-$$)& 2-3 60*9((3 38

Appendix.


3/55

>

Introduction

This course addresses primarily YOU, a student of the Wood Industry Faculty,

enrolled in the distance learning programme. No knowledge of wood industry

concepts is assumed, but if you work through the course you will certainly learn

some of the basic notions. All the reading material and part of the follow-up

activities are taken from English for Technical and Business Purposes in Wood

Industry by G. Chefneux et al., a book which I strongly recommend you for

further, in-depth study.

Structurally, the course consists of seven units, an appendix and a bibliography.

Below I give you a brief description of each unit, so that at any point in your

study you will know exactly what you are expected to do and why you are doing

it. The pattern is as follows:

A. UNDERSTANDING A PRINTED TEXT: In this section you are given a

passage to read, sometimes including a picture or table. You should first read it

through, several times if necessary, and then translate it using the key

vocabulary in Appendix.

B. SELF-ASSESSMENT: In this section you are given a set of questions to

check your understanding and several kinds of activity. It is designed to provide

you with practice material so that you can build up your vocabulary and get a

fairly clear idea of the progress you are making through this course.

General objectives

This course is intended:

- to introduce you to the contents of Wood Industry;

- to develop your knowledge of the language typical of the subject.


4/55

?

UNIT 1. The history of furniture I

Time span for study: 2 hours

Objectives

Upon completion of this unit, you should be able:

- to enumerate the most common pieces of furniture;

- to describe the most significant stages in the history of furniture.

A. UNDERSTANDING A PRINTED TEXT

Read the following text carefully, then translate it into Romanian using the

key vocabulary in Appendix.

@- 244$&&%=0$8 4(-4%&$ #%&'()* (+ +,)-%',)$ ,&,200* (9& #(9 3(/$&'%4 +,)-%',)$

#2& 3$;$0(6$3 (;$) 2 6$)%(3 (+ A8BCC *$2)&8 4(;$)%-1 +,)-%',)$ &'*0$& +)(/ '#$

(03$&' &,);%;%-1 6%$4$& +(,-3 %- '#$ '(/=& (+ 2-4%$-' D1*6'8 '( 9#2' %& 4(-&%3$)$3

'#$ #%1#$&' 6(%-' (+ 24#%$;$/$-' %- '#$ #%&'()* (+ +,)-%',)$E/2F%-18 '#2' (+ '#$ GH'#

4$-',)* %- I)2-4$8 '( '#$ @)' J(,;$2, 2-3 @/$)%42- K#2F$) &'*0$& (+ '#$ 02'$ GL'#

4$-',)*M

"#$)$ 2)$ /2-* '$)/& ,&$3 %- %3$-'%+*%-1 6%$4$& (+ +,)-%',)$8 =,' %- '#$ $-3 '#$*

42- 200 =$ %-40,3$3 %- +%;$ =2&%4&N '#%-1& '( &%' (-8 '( 0%$ (-8 '( $2'8 9()F8 9)%'$ 2-3

602* 2'8 '( 6,' '#%-1& %- 2-3 '( '2F$ (,' 9#$- -$$3$3 () '( ,&$ +() 3%&602* 6,)6(&$&O

%- ('#$) 9()3&8 4#2%)&8 &'((0&8 &$''$$&8 =$-4#$&O =$3& 2-3 4(,4#$&O '2=0$& 2-3 3$&F&O

4#$&'& 2-3 4,6=(2)3&O $0;$&M P-$ /2* 233 +() 4(/60$'%(- '#$ %-'$)%() 3$4()2'%(-8

'#%-1& 0%F$ 02/6&'2-3&8 40(4F&8 0((F%-1 102&&$& 2-3 &4)$$-&M

• Ancient Egypt


5/55

A

"#$ =2&%4 6%$4$& (+ D1*6'%2- +,)-%',)$ 9$)$ 4#2%)& 2-3 '#)(-$&8 =$3&8 =(Q$&8 4#$&'&8

2-3 &'((0&M "#$ D1*6'%2- 4#2%) (+'$- #23 2 &R,2)$ &$2' (- +(,) 42);$3 9((3$-

2-%/20 0$1& '#2' 200 +24$3 +()92)3& 2-3 9%'# 2 42);$3 &0(6%-1 =24F &,66()'$3 =*

,6)%1#' &'%0$&M "#$ &$2' 92& (+'$- /23$ (+ 40(&$0* 602%'$3 0$2'#$) &')269()F8 ()

&')(-1 +%=)(,& ), &')%6& -2%0$3 '( '#$ +)2/$M

P-$ 9%3$0* ,&$3 %'$/ 266$2)$3 %- '#$ :%330$ G?AEGTHB UVW8

-2/$0* '#$ +(03%-1 &'((0M .'& &$2' 4(-&%&'$3 (+ 2 )(9 (+ &')26& -2%0$3 () 10,$3 +)(/

)2%0 '( )2%08 () 2 )$/(;2=0$ &R,2)$ (+ 0$2'#$) &'%'4#$3 &( 2& '( +%' (;$) '#$ 4()-$)& (+

'#$ +)2/$M "#$ &'((0 0$1& $-3$3 9%'# 42);$3 3,4F =$2F& %-02%3 9%'# %;()*M

• Ancient Greece and Rome

"#$ /(&' 2'')24'%;$ 2-4%$-' X)$$F 6%$4$ (+ +,)-%',)$ %& '#$ 4#2%) 4200$3 !"#$%&$' .'&

&2=)$ 0$1& 9$)$ 1)24$+,00* 4,);$3 2-3 '#$ =24F /$/=$)& $Q'$-3$3 ,692)3& '(

&,66()' 2 4,);$3 4)$&'%-1 )2%0M "#$ 4#2%) =24F #$%1#' ;2)%$3N '#$ 0(9$) &$' ;2)%$'*

0$' '#$ &%''$) ',)- 2-3 ,&$ '#$ =24F 2& 2- 2)/)$&'O '#$ #%1#$) &'*0$ 92& ,&$3 +() /()$

+()/20 &%''%-1M

Y(/2- +,)-%',)$ /2F$)& ,&$3 2 ;2)%$'* (+ 9((3&8 2/(-1 9#%4# 9$)$ 4%'),&8 4$32)8

(0%;$9((3 2-3 (2FM "#$* 9$)$ $Q6$)'& 2' ;$-$$)%-1 2-3 %-02* 9()F 2-3 266$2) '(

#2;$ 3*$3 4$)'2%- 9((3& '( 1$' ;2)%2'%(-& %- 4(0(,)M "#$* 20&( %-02%3 6%$4$& (+

+,)-%',)$ 9%'# %;()*8 &%0;$)8 1(03 2-3 '()'(%&$ $00M

Y(/2- 4)2+'&/$- 9$)$ (+'$- +%-$ 42);$)& 2-3 '#$%) /$'20 2-3 &'(-$ &4,06'()&

6)(3,4$3 9()F (+ '#$ #%1#$&' 2)'%&')*M "2=0$ 0$1& 2-3 4#2%) =24F& 2-3 2)/&8

4,6=(2)3 +)%$Z$& 2-3 4()-%4$& 9$)$ (+'$- ;$)* +%-$M

• China and Japan

"#$ $2)0%$&' +,)-%',)$ (+ 2-4%$-' V#%-2 92& '#2' ,&$3 3,)%-1 '#$ [2- 3*-2&'* S>C>

UVE>>C @\WM @- $2)0* 4$-')20 6%$4$ 92& '#$ !)*+, 9#%4# 92& 2- 204(;$ 602'+()/

=$38 -()/200* &( 02)1$ '#2' %' 4(,03 =$ 20&( ,&$3 3,)%-1 '#$ 32* 2& 2 9%'#3)29%-1

2)$28 9%'# $-(,1# &624$ +() '9( () '#)$$ 6$(60$ '( )$40%-$ 9%'# '#$ ,&$ (+ 0(9

'2=0$&M

"#$ (03$&' &'((0 92& 2 +(03%-1 ]E'*6$M K2/$ 2& '#$ ]E$3 4#2%)8 %' 92& &$2' (+

#(-(,) +() %/6$)%20 2-3 )$0%1%(,& ,&$M V#%-$&$ +,)-%',)$ 92& 6)(3,4$3 %- 9((38 %-


6/55

B

-2',)20 () %- 024R,$)$3 &'2'$8 () /23$ +)(/ =2/=((M V2/6#() 9((38 9#%4# #2& 2

60$2&2-' &/$008 92& 62)'%4,02)0* &,%'2=0$ +() 4#$&'&M .- &(,'#$)- V#%-2 9((3& 9$)$

,&,200* 024R,$)$38 '( 6)('$4' '#$/ 212%-&' %-&$4'& 2-3 '( 6)(3,4$ 2 &,)+24$ '#2'

200(9$3 )$0%$+ 42);%-1 2-3 3$4()2'%(-M V#%-$&$ 024R,$)9()F 92& =)%00%2-'0*

$Q$4,'$38 ,&%-1 4(0(,)& '#2' %-40,3$3 ;$)/%0%(-8 )$3E=)(9-8 32)FE1)$$-8 =024F 2-3

1(03O 4#$&'&8 4,6=(2)3&8 2-3 &(/$ &4)$$-& 9$)$ +%''$3 9%'# /$'20 /(,-'&8

0(4F602'$&8 #%-1$& 2-3 4()-$)&M "#$ /$'209()F 92& (+'$- 4(,-'$)&,-F '( /2F$ %'

+0, 9%'# '#$ 9((39()FM

"#$ ^262-$&$ #23 =,%0'E%- 4,6=(2)3& 9%'# &0%3%-1 3(()&M "#$)$ 9$)$ 20&( &(/$

/(;2=0$ 4#$&'& 2-3 4#$&'&E(-E4#$&'&M P-$ %-'$)$&'%-1 6%$4$ 92& 2 42=%-$' 9%'#

'#)$$ () +(,) $0;$&M .' #23 2- (6$-$3 62)'8 2-3 2 62)' $-40(&$3 9%'# &/200

4,6=(2)3E3(()&8 9%'# 024R,$) 3$4()2'%(- 2-3 /$'20 /(,-'&M

• The Middle Ages in Europe (the Romanesque and Gothic Style)

I() 4$-',)%$&8 2- $-()/(,& ;2)%$'* (+ 42&F$'& 2-3 4#$&'& (+ /2-* $& 2-3 &%Z$&

#2;$ =$$- 6)(3,4$3 %- D,)(6$M .- '#$ $2)0* :%330$ @1$&8 '#$ Y(/2-$&R,$

4)2+'&/$- $/=$00%$3 42&F$'& 2-3 4#$&'& 9%'# ;$)* +%-$ 42);%-1 () ('#$)

()-2/$-'&M K(/$ 9$)$ =2-3$3 9%'# 3$4()2'%;$ %)(- &')269()F 2-3 '#$ $2)0%$&' $;$-

#23 %)(- 0(4F& 2-3 402&6&M _%3& 9$)$ +02'8 3(/$3 () 12=0$3M

X('#%4 4#$&'& (+ '#$ GA'#

4$-',)* 9$)$ ,&,200* 3$4()2'$3 (- '#$ +02' &,)+24$&8

62)'%4,02)0* (- '#$ +)(-'8 9%'# $440$&%2&'%420 /('%+&8 &,4# 2&N ')24$)*8 6(%-'$3

2)4#%-18 0%-$-+(038 +(0%21$8 +%-%20&8 +%1,)$& (+ F-%1#'&8 4(2'& (+ 2)/& () %$03&M

X('#%4 4,6=(2)3& 9$)$ $02=()2'$0* 3$4()2'$38 =$%-1 $Q6)$&&0* 3$&%1-$3 '( &'()$

2-3 3%&602* ;20,2=0$ %'$/& 0%F$ 1(03 6(''$)* 2-3 602'$&M

B. SELF-ASSESSMENT

1. Answer the following questions:

• `#2' 6$)%(3 %& 4(-&%3$)$3 '( =$ '#$ #%1#$&' 6(%-' (+ 24#%$;$/$-' %- '#$

#%&'()* (+ +,)-%',)$E/2F%-1a

• [(9 /2-* 42'$1()%$& 3($& +,)-%',)$ /2%-0* +200 %-'(a J2/$ '#$/M

• `#2' '*6$ (+ 0$1& 42- =$ +(,-3 9%'# !"#$%&$ 4#2%)&a


7/55

b

• `#* 9$)$ 9((3& ,&,200* 02R,$)$3 %- &(,'#$)- @-4%$-' V#%-2a

• V2- *(, 3$&4)%=$ '#$ 2-4%$-' ^262-$&$ 42=%-$'a

• `#2' 9$)$ Y(/2- +,)-%',)$ /2F$)& $Q6$)'& 2'a

•

`#2' 9$)$ '#$ /2%- $& (+ Y(/2-$&R,$ 42&F$' 2-3 4#$&' 0%3&a

•

V2- *(, '#%-F (+ &$;$)20 $440$&%2&'%420 /('%+& ,&$3 %- 3$4()2'%-1 X('#%4

4#$&'&a

2. Are the statements below true (T) or false (F), according to the facts in the

passage?

• "#$ D1*6'%2- +(03%-1 &'((0 266$2)$3 %- '#$ :%330$ M cc 0((F%-1 =M &'((0

?M cc +(03%-1 4M J(,;$2,

AM cc &2=)$ 3M /('%+&

BM cc 4)$&'%-1 $M )2%0

bM cc &0%3%-1 +M 2)4#%-1TM cc %)(- 1M 0$1&

HM cc $440$&%2&'%420 #M &')269()F

LM cc 6(%-'$3 %M 102&&


8/55

T

4. Fill in the gaps in the following text with the words randomly listed below:

-.*%/0 1*.2#+,0 3*1!0 2/.%#"#&+0 $/*40 1&5+4/.$5+!0 $4.*67&.!0 "*185/./90 $4#"/$0

%&5+4$'

"#$ =2&%4 6%$4$& (+ D1*6'%2- +,)-%',)$ 9$)$ 4#2%)& 2-3 '#)(-$&8 =$3&8

=(Q$&8 4#$&'&8 2-3 &'((0&M "#$ D1*6'%2- 4#2%) (+'$- #23 2 &R,2)$ cccc (- +(,)

42);$3 9((3$- 2-%/20 0$1& '#2' 200 +24$3 +()92)3& 2-3 9%'# 2 42);$3 &0(6%-1 cccc

&,66()'$3 =* ,6)%1#' ccccM "#$ &$2' 92& (+'$- /23$ (+ 40(&$0* 602%'$3 0$2'#$)

cccc8 () &')(-1 +%=)(,& ), &')%6& -2%0$3 '( '#$ ccccM

.- &(,'#$)- V#%-2 9((3& 9$)$ ,&,200* cccc8 '( 6)('$4' '#$/ 212%-&' %-&$4'&

2-3 '( 6)(3,4$ 2 &,)+24$ '#2' 200(9$3 )$0%$+ cccc 2-3 3$4()2'%(-M V#%-$&$

024R,$)9()F 92& =)%00%2-'0* $Q$4,'$38 ,&%-1 4(0(,)& '#2' %-40,3$3 cccc8 )$3E=)(9-8

32)FE1)$$-8 =024F 2-3 1(03O 4#$&'&8 4,6=(2)3&8 2-3 &(/$ &4)$$-& 9$)$ +%''$3 9%'#

/$'20 cccc8 0(4F602'$&8 #%-1$& 2-3 4()-$)&M "#$ /$'209()F 92& (+'$- cccc '( /2F$

%' +0, 9%'# '#$ 9((39()FM

Summary

.- '#%& ,-%' *(, #2;$ 0$2)-' '#$ +(00(9%-1 main %&&,$&N

E U2&%4200*8 furniture 42- =$ 3%;%3$3 %-'( +%;$ 42'$1()%$&N GW '#%-1& '( &%' (-8 >W '(

0%$ (-8 ?W '( $2'8 9()F8 9)%'$ 2-3 602* 2'8 AW '( 6,' '#%-1& %- 2-3 '( '2F$ (,' 9#$-

-$$3$38 2-3 BW '( ,&$ +() 3%&602* 6,)6(&$& S$M1M 4#2%)&8 &'((0&8 &$''$$&8 =$-4#$&O

=$3& 2-3 4(,4#$&O '2=0$& 2-3 3$&F&O 4#$&'& 2-3 4,6=(2)3&O $0;$&WO

E "#$ =2&%4 6%$4$& (+ +,)-%',)$ %- @-4%$-' D1*6' 9$)$ 4#2%)& 2-3 '#)(-$&8 =$3&8

=(Q$&8 4#$&'&8 2-3 &'((0& S62)'%4,02)0* +(03%-1 &'((0&WO

E "#$ /(&' 2'')24'%;$ 2-4%$-' X)$$F 6%$4$ (+ +,)-%',)$ %& '#$ 4#2%) 4200$3 !"#$%&$O

E @- $2)0* 4$-')20 6%$4$ %- @-4%$-' V#%-2 92& 2- 204(;$ 602'+()/ =$3 S!)*+, WO

E @- %-'$)$&'%-1 6%$4$ %- @-4%$-' ^262- 92& 2 42=%-$' 9%'# '#)$$ () +(,) $0;$&8

9%'# 024R,$) 3$4()2'%(- 2-3 /$'20 /(,-'&O

E .- '#$ $2)0* :%330$ @1$&8 '#$ Y(/2-$&R,$ 4)2+'&/$- $/=$00%$3 42&F$'& 2-3

4#$&'& 9%'# ;$)* +%-$ 42);%-1 () ('#$) ()-2/$-'&O

E X('#%4 4#$&'& (+ '#$ GA'#

4$-',)* 9$)$ ,&,200* 3$4()2'$3 (- '#$ +02' &,)+24$&8

62)'%4,02)0* (- '#$ +)(-'8 9%'# $440$&%2&'%420 /('%+&M


9/55

H

UNIT 2. The history of furniture II


Objectives


- to enumerate the most common pieces of furniture;

- to describe the most significant stages in the history of furniture.




• Italian Renaissance

"#$ %-'2)&%2 '$4#-%R,$ ()%1%-2'$3 %- /$3%$;20 .'20*8 2-3 =$42/$ #%1#0* 3$;$0(6$3

%- '#$ 02'$ GB'#

4$-',)*8 62)'%4,02)0* %- I0()$-4$M .-'2)&%2 %& 2 +()/ (+ 9((3

/2)R,$')*8 9#%4# %& /23$ +)(/ =0(4F& (+ 9((38 =(-$8 /('#$)E(+E6$2)08 &'(-$ ()

/$'20 2))2-1$3 %- 1$(/$')%4 62''$)-M @ 3$;$0(6/$-' (+ %-'2)&%2 92& '#$ e')(/6$ 0f

($%0e +()/8 =* 9#%4# '#$ %00,&%(- (+ '#$ '#)$$E3%/$-&%(-20 6%4',)$ 92& 4)$2'$3M

.'20%2- +,)-%',)$ 3%&602*& 2-4%$-' X)$$F 2-3 Y(/2- /('%+& &,4# 2& ,)-&8 1)%++%-&8

0$2;$& 2-3 +0(9$)&8 $0$/$-'& (+ '#$ 402&&%420 ()3$)& 0%F$ \()%48 .(-%48 V()%-'#%2-

2-3 ",&42-* 426%'20&8 +)%$Z$&8 ')%2-1,02) 12=0$&8 42)*2'%3&8 /*'#(0(1%420 &,=d$4'& (+

P)6#2$,&8 7$-,&8 V,6%38 :2)& $'4M

P-$ (+ '#$ /(&' 6)$4%(,& 2-3 %/6)$&&%;$ 6%$4$& (+ .'20%2- 02'$ Y$-2%&&2-4$

+,)-%',)$ %& 2 :%02-$&$ 42=%-$' (+ 3)29$)&8 /23$ (+ 6%-$ 2-3 ;$-$$)$3 9%'# $=(-*M


10/55

L

"#$ 920-,' 3)29$)& 9$)$ +24$3 9%'# $=(-*8 9%'# +)2/$& $/=(&&$3 &'$$0 602R,$&

32/2&4$-$3 %- 1(03 9%'# /*'#(0(1%420 &,=d$4'&M

• The Baroque

.- '#$ GT'# 4$-',)* .'20* =$42/$ '#$ &(,)4$ (+ '#$ =2)(R,$ &'*0$ (+ 2)4#%'$4',)$ 2-3

'#$- +,)-%',)$M "#$ )$&')2%-' (+ '#$ 402&&%420 0%-$& %- Y$-2%&&2-4$ +,)-%',)$ 92&

1)23,200* )$6024$3 =* $Q,=$)2-' ()-2/$-'&8 9%'# /2&& +(0%21$8 4,);%-1 4(-'(,)&8

&4)(009()F8 $Q6)$&&%;$ 2-3 3*-2/%4 +()/&M

I() $Q2/60$8 '2=0$& 2-3 &(/$ 42=%-$'& =$12- '( =$ &,66()'$3 (- 62%-'$3 () 1%03$3

&,=&'),4',)$& 9%'# 42);$3 -2F$3 +%1,)$& (+ -2%23&8 -$1)($&8 $210$&8 0%(-& 2-3

3(06#%-&M "2=0$ '(6& 4(-&%&'$3 (+ =)%00%2-'0* 4(0(,)$3 /2)=0$ &02=8 /2)=0$ /(&2%4

() 6%$')2E3,)2 9()FM

.- I)2-4$8 2' _(,%& ].7f& 4(,)'8 @-3)g V#2)0$& U(,00$ 3$;$0(6$3 &6$4%20

3$4()2'%;$ '$4#-%R,$&8 $&6$4%200* /2)R,$')*8 $/60(*%-1 '()'(%&$E$008 6$9'$) 2-3

=)2&&M

"#$ %-;$-'()* (+ )(*20 +,)-%',)$ %-40,3$3 +2%(-2=0$ 6%$4$& 0%F$ 4#$&'&8 4(-&(0$&8

32* =$3&8 2)/4#2%)& 2-3 '2=0$&M "2=0$& 9$)$ /23$ +() 2 9%3$ ;2)%$'* (+ ,&$&N

+(03%-1 '2=0$&8 +02'E'(66$3 '2=0$& &,66()'%-1 2 +%0%-1 42=%-$'8 42)3E'2=0$&8 3)$&&%-1E

'2=0$&M

• The Rococo

.- I)2-4$8 3,)%-1 '#$ _(,%& ]7 6$)%(38 '#$ Y(4(4( &'*0$ =$42/$ 6(6,02)M "#$

(;$)E$02=()2'$ 3$4()2'%(- /$2-' =)(-Z$E9()F 9%'# =,==0%-18 +0(9%-1 +()/& 2-3

+2-'2&'%4 3$&%1-& %- /2)R,$')*M

"#$ 02&' )$6)$&$-'2'%;$ 6%$4$ (+ '#$ I)$-4# Y(4(4( +,)-%',)$ &$$/& '( =$ '#$

4(//(3$N 2 4#$&' 9%'# '9( () '#)$$ 3)29$)&8 ()8 /()$ )2)$0*8 '9( /2%- 2-3 '9(&,=&%3%2)* 3)29$)&M "#$ +)(-'& 9$)$ +02' () =(9E$3M "#$* 9$)$ 3$4()2'$3 9%'#

/2)R,$')*8 () 62)R,$')*8 () 024R,$)9()F8 +%''$3 9%'# =)(-Z$ $&4,'4#$(-&8 3)29$)

#2-30$& 2-3 4()-$) /(,-'&M

• The Neo-classical furniture

"(92)3& '#$ $-3 (+ '#$ GTBC& '#$)$ 92& 2 )$24'%(- 212%-&' '#$ Y(4(4(


11/55

GC

$Q')2;212-4$&M K')2%1#' 0%-$& )$E266$2)$3 2& =2&%4 +$2',)$&M :()$ #(/$E1)(9-

9((3& 9$)$ $/60(*$3 %-&'$23 (+ #%1#E4(&' ')(6%420 ;2)%$'%$&M

_(,%& ]7. 4#2%)& #23 &')2%1#' 0$1&8 '26$)$3 2-3 &(/$'%/$& +0,'$38 )$$3$3 ()

&6%)200$3 2-3 3$&4$-3%-1 +)(/ 2 4,=$8 42);$3 9%'# )(&$''$& (- '#$%) (,'$) +24$&8

9#%4# )$6024$3 '#$ Y(4(4( 42=)%(0$ 0$1&M

J$9 '*6$& (+ 4#2%) =24F& 9$)$ '#$ (;20 () /$3200%(- F%-38 2-3 20&( &R,2)$ =24F&8

+02-F$3 =* 4(0,/-&8 9%'# ,6#(0&'$)$3 62)'& 9%'#%- '#$ +)2/$9()FM

• British furniture

@ &,//2)* (+ '#$ &'()* (+ U)%'% +,)-%',)$ %- '#$ 02'$ 0H'#

4$-',)* 42- =$

)$2&(-2=0* /23$ =* 0((F%-1 2' '#$ 3$&%1-& 2-3 9()F& (+ '#$ 0$23%-1 3$&%1-$)&N

V#%66$-320$8 @32/8 [$660$9#%'$ 2-3 K#$)2'(-M

V#%66$-320$ 92& 2 +2/(,& 4#2%) 3$&%1-$)8 4(/=%-%-1 Y(4(4( 3$&%1-&8 V#%-$&$E

&'*0$ %3$2& 2-3 )$;%;%-1 X('#%4 &'*0$&M [$ 23()-$3 #%& +,)-%',)$ 9%'# $QR,%&%'$

+)$'9()F %- V#%-$&$ '2&'$8 ,&%-1 %' +() $31%-1 '2=0$&8 42=%-$' 3(()& 2-3 =$3

42-(6%$&M [$ 20&( ,&$3 9%3$0* )%==(-9()F8 +),%'&921& 2-3 $Q211$)2'$3 42=)%(0$

0$1&8 %- 4(/=%-2'%(- 9%'# $00 ()-2/$-'M

"#$ 2)4#%'$4' Y(=$)' @32/ %-')(3,4$3 2 402&&%420 )$;%;20 %- U)%'% =,%03%-1 3$&%1-

2-3 %-'$)%() 3$4()2'%(-M [$ ,&$3 2-4%$-' X)$$F 2-3 Y(/2- /('%+&8 +$2',)%-1 &')%-1&

(+ +0(9$)&8 $00 ()-2/$-'8 &4)(00& (+ +(0%21$ 2-3 62%-'$3 62-$0& %- 0(9 )$0%$+8

&921& (+ 4()- #,&F&8 &6#%-Q$&8 ;2&$& 2-3 402&&%420 +%1,)$&8 9%-1$3 0%(-&8 1)%++%-&8

)2/ #$23&8 ')%6(3&8 402&&%420 %$03&8 242-'#,& 0$2;$&8 2-'#$/%(-&8 620/$''(&8 (;20

/$3200%(-&M K*//$')*8 ()3$) 2-3 +()/20%'* 6)$3(/%-2'$3 %- #%& 9()F&M

5-'%0 )$4$-'0*8 2 0%-$ ,&$3 '( =$ 3)29- =$'9$$- '#$ +%-$ 2)'& h 62%-'%-18 &4,06',)$

2-3 2)4#%'$4',)$ h 2-3 '#$ 3$4()2'%;$ 2)'&8 4#%$+0* )$6)$&$-'$3 =* +,)-%',)$M

Y$&$2)4# %-'( '#$ +%-$ 2)'& 92& 4(-3,4'$3 9%'# &(6#%&'%42'%(- 2-3 %-'$00%1$-4$8

9#%0$ '#$ &',3* (+ 3$4()2'%;$ 2)'& )$/2%-$3 &(/$#(9 /2)1%-20 2-3 È(9M .-

)$4$-' *$2)&8 #(9$;$)8 '#$ &%',2'%(- #2& 4#2-1$3 +() '#$ =$''$)M "(32*8 '#$ &',3* (+

'#$ +,)-%',)$ #%&'()* #2& =$4(/$ 2 4(/60$Q 2423$/%4 3%&4%60%-$M


12/55

GG

B. SELF-ASSESSMENT


• `#2' %& i%-'2)&%2j '$4#-%R,$a `#$)$ 3%3 %' +%)&' 266$2)a

•

`#2' &()' (+ /('%+& 3($& '#$ .'20%2- Y$-2%&&2-4$ +,)-%',)$ 3%&602*a J2/$

&(/$ (+ '#$/M

• `#%4# 2)$ '#$ /2%- +$2',)$& (+ '#$ U2)(R,$ &'*0$ %- +,)-%',)$a

• J2/$ &$;$)20 6%$4$& (+ +,)-%',)$ '( =$ +(,-3 2' _(,%& ].7f& 4(,)'a

• [(9 9(,03 *(, 3$+%-$ '#$ Y(4(4( &'*0$a

• `#%4# %& '#$ 02&' )$6)$&$-'2'%;$ 6%$4$ (+ '#$ I)$-4# Y(4(4( +,)-%',)$a X%;$

%' 2 ()' 3$&4)%6'%(-M

•

`#2' %& '#$ 3%++$)$-4$ =$'9$$- _(,%& ]7. 4#2%)& 2-3 '#(&$ %- '#$ Y(4(4(&'*0$a

• J2/$ &$;$)20 0$23%-1 3$&%1-$)& %- '#$ #%&'()* (+ U)%'% +,)-%',)$M


passage?

• "#$ %-'2)&%2 '$4#-%R,$ ()%1%-2'$3 %- /$3%$;20 .'20*8 2-3 =$42/$ #%1#0*

3$;$0(6$3 %- '#$ $2)0* GB'#

4$-',)*M ccc

• @ :%02-$&$ 42=%-$' (+ 3)29$)& %& (-$ (+ '#$ /(&' 6)$4%(,& 2-3 %/6)$&&%;$

6%$4$& (+ .'20%2- 02'$ Y$-2%&&2-4$ +,)-%',)$M ccc

• @-3)g V#2)0$& U(,00$ 3$;$0(6$3 &6$4%20 3$4()2'%;$ '$4#-%R,$& 3,)%-1 '#$

)$%1- (+ _(,%& ]7.M ccc

• Y(=$)' @32/j& 9()F %& 4#2)24'$)%&$3 =* 2&*//$')* 2-3 3%&()3$)M ccc

• V#%66$-320$ 4#2%)& #2;$ $Q211$)2'$3 42=)%(0$ 0$1&M ccc

3. Match the words in column A with those in column B to form collocations

as they appear in the text:

A B

GM cc %-'2)&%2 2M 602R,$&

>M cc ')%2-1,02) =M $00

?M cc &'$$0 4M )$0%$+


13/55

G>

AM cc /2)=0$ 3M '$4#-%R,$

BM cc 6%$')2E3,)2 $M '2=0$

bM cc '()'(%&$ +M 9()F

TM cc +(03%-1 1M 12=0$&

HM cc =$3 #M 42-(6*

LM cc 0(9 %M &02=


.&$/44/$0 9.*7/.$0 /$1541:/&+$0 4*6/./90 3&7;$:*6/90 1&%%&9/0 6*.85/4.


14/55

G?

UNIT 3. Terminology related to furniture


Objectives


- to use terminology related to furniture;

- to classify furniture pieces according to their purpose, use and functionality;

- to enumerate various sub-assemblies that furniture consists of.




@44()3%-1 '( '#$%) ;2)%(,& 6,)6(&$& 2-3 ,&$&8 +,)-%',)$ 6%$4$& 42- =$ 1)(,6$3

'(1$'#$) %-'( +,)-%',)$ &$'& +() %-'$)%() 3$4()2'%(-8 &,4# 2&N F%'4#$- +,)-%',)$8

-,)&$)* +,)-%',)$8 &',3* +,)-%',)$8 '$$-21$ +,)-%',)$8 0%;%-1E)((/ +,)-%',)$8

=$3)((/ +,)-%',)$8 #200 +,)-%',)$ 2-3 3%-%-1E)((/ +,)-%',)$M

I,-4'%(-200*8 +,)-%',)$ 6%$4$& 42- =$ 402&&%+%$3 2& +(00(9&N

• Storage furniture: =2)8 =$3E&%3$ '2=0$8 =((FE42&$8 =,%0'E%- 42=%-$'8 V#%-2

4,6=(2)38 4,6=(2)38 F%'4#$- =(2)38 0%-$- 4#$&'8 6$18 &$' (+ $0;$&8 &%3$=(2)38

92)3)(=$ S42=%-$'W8 '(%0$' '2=0$M

• Sitting furniture: 2)/4#2%)8 4#2%)8 4(24#8 0(,-1$ 4#2%)8 )(4F%-1 4#2%)8 &$''$$8

&'((0M

• Lounge and sleeping furniture: =$38 +(03%-1 &$''$$8 )g42/%$)M


15/55

GA

• Eating and working furniture: '2=0$8 &/200 '2=0$8 (;$)6(&%-1 '2=0$&8 9()F%-1

3$&FM

I,)-%',)$ %& /23$ ,6 (+ 2 &$)%$& (+ &%/60$ 2-3 4(/60$Q 62)'&8 9#%4# 42- 4(/=%-$

%-'( ;2)%(,& &,=E2&&$/=0%$& 2-3 2 9%3$ )2-1$ (+ 2&&$/=0%$&8 '#,& 24#%$;%-1

3%++$)$-' $& 2-3 ,&$&M

@44()3%-10*8 %- '#$ 42&$ (+ &'()21$ +,)-%',)$ 4(-&%&'%-1 (+ &$;$)20 62)'&8 '#$

+(00(9%-1 '*6$& (+ &,=E2&&$/=0%$& /2* =$ ,&$3N 0$11$3 +)2/$O 60%-'#O &0%3%-1k

#%-1$3 3(()O '(6k =(''(/k %-'$)/$3%2'$ 62-$0O &0%3%-1 62-$0 S'2=0$WO $0+O &%3$

62-$0 S9200WO &$62)2'%-1 62-$0 S9200WO =24F 62-$0O 3)29$)O &%-10$E+24$3k 3(,=0$E

+24$3 +)2/$O +)2/$3 62-$0O )(00M

"#$ +(00(9%-1 6%$4$& 42- =$ 233$3 '( '#$ 0(,-1$ 2-3 &0$$6%-1 +,)-%',)$N =$3 +)(-'O

=$3 &%3$&8 2-3 '( '#$ $2'%-1 +,)-%',)$N $Q'$-32=0$ 62-$0 S'2=0$WM

"#$ 4(-&'%',$-'& (+ '#$ &,=E2&&$/=0%$& 2)$ &%/60$ () /()$ 4(/60$Q 62)'& (+ '#$

+(00(9%-1 '*6$N &(0%3 9((3 62-$0&O ;$-$$)$3 62-$0&O $31$ =2''$-& S&(0%3 9((3

$31$&WO %-02%3 '(-1,$&O %-02%3 3(9$0&O 3(00%$&O &0%3$&O /(,03%-1&O 3$4()2'%;$

=21,$''$&O $0+ &,66()'%-1 F-(=&O 92)3)(=$ =2)&O 4)(9- /(,03%-1&O 0$1&O 2)/& $'4M

"#$ 3)29$)&8 2& &,=E2&&$/=0%$&8 #2;$ '#$ +(00(9%-1 62)'&N 3)29$) +)(-'O 3)29$)

&%3$O 3)29$) =24FO 3)29$) =(''(/O F-(=M

"#$ +)2/$3 62-$0& )$6)$&$-' &,=E2&&$/=0%$& /23$ (+ '#$ +(00(9%-1 62)'&N &'%0$&O

')2-&;$)&20 )2%0&O /(,03$3 62-$0&M

Y$6)$&$-'2'%;$ $Q2/60$& (+ &'()%-1 2-3 &%''%-1 +,)-%',)$ 4(/6(-$-'& 2)$ (9- %-

I%1M HMG 2-3 HM>8 )$&6$4'%;$0*M


16/55

GB

Fig. 8.1. Storing furniture

Upper part: GE4)(9- /(,03%-1O >E=24F '(6 )2%0O ?E&%3$ 62-$0O AE=24F 62-$0O BE

=24F 4$-')$ &'%0$O bE0(9$) )2%0O >BE$0+O >bE3$4()2'%;$ /(,03%-1O >TE'(6 602'$M

Lower part: TE'(6 602'$O HE,66$) 3(() )2%0O LE&%3$ 62-$0O GCE,66$) )2%0O GGE

/(,03$3 62-$0O G>E60%-'#O G?E3(() &'%0$O GAE0(9$) 3(() )2%0O GBEF-(=O GbE=(''(/

)2%0O GTE0(9$) 602'$O GHE=24F 62-$0O GLE3)29$) 3%;%3$)O >CE,-3$) 3)29$) 62-$0O >GE

3)29$) +)(-'O >>E3)29$) &%3$O >?E3)29$) =24FO >AE'(6 )2%0M


17/55


18/55

GT



A B

GM cc -,)&$)* 2M '(-1,$&

>M cc =$3E&%3$ =M 4#$&'

?M cc 0%-$- 4M 3$&F

AM cc )(4F%-1 3M +,)-%',)$

BM cc 9()F%-1 $M )2%0

bM cc #%-1$3 +M '2=0$

TM cc %-02%3 1M 4#2%)

HM cc 3)29$) #M 3(()

LM cc ')2-&;$)&20 %M +)(-'


3*44/+$0 $"#9#+,0 9&7/"$0 "/,,/90 3*,5/44/$0 -.*%/0 !+&3$0 -.&+40 %&5"9#+,$0

2/+//./9'

@44()3%-10*8 %- '#$ 42&$ (+ &'()21$ +,)-%',)$ 4(-&%&'%-1 (+ &$;$)20 62)'&8 '#$

+(00(9%-1 '*6$& (+ &,=E2&&$/=0%$& /2* =$ ,&$3N cccc +)2/$O 60%-'#O &0%3%-1k #%-1$3

3(()O '(6k =(''(/k %-'$)/$3%2'$ 62-$0O &0%3%-1 cccc S'2=0$WO $0+O &%3$ 62-$0 S9200WO

&$62)2'%-1 62-$0 S9200WO =24F 62-$0O 3)29$)O &%-10$E+24$3k 3(,=0$E+24$3 ccccO

+)2/$3 62-$0O )(00M

"#$ +(00(9%-1 6%$4$& 42- =$ 233$3 '( '#$ 0(,-1$ 2-3 &0$$6%-1 +,)-%',)$N =$3

ccccO =$3 &%3$&8 2-3 '( '#$ $2'%-1 +,)-%',)$N $Q'$-32=0$ 62-$0 S'2=0$WM

"#$ 4(-&'%',$-'& (+ '#$ &,=E2&&$/=0%$& 2)$ &%/60$ () /()$ 4(/60$Q 62)'& (+

'#$ +(00(9%-1 '*6$N &(0%3 9((3 62-$0&O cccc 62-$0&O $31$ cccc S&(0%3 9((3 $31$&WO

%-02%3 '(-1,$&O %-02%3 ccccO 3(00%$&O &0%3$&O /(,03%-1&O 3$4()2'%;$ ccccO $0+

&,66()'%-1 ccccO 92)3)(=$ =2)&O 4)(9- ccccO 0$1&O 2)/& $'4M


19/55

GH

Summary

.- '#%& ,-%' *(, #2;$ 0$2)-' '#$ +(00(9%-1 main %&&,$&N

E @44()3%-1 '( '#$%) purpose/use8 +,)-%',)$ 6%$4$& 42- =$ 402&&%+%$3 2&N !#41:/+

-5.+#45./0 +5.$/.< -5.+#45./0 $459< -5.+#45./0 4//+*,/ -5.+#45./0 "#2#+,;.&&%

-5.+#45./0 3/9.&&% -5.+#45./0 :*"" -5.+#45./ *+9 9#+#+,;.&&% -5.+#45./O

E @44()3%-1 '( '#$%) functionality8 +,)-%',)$ 6%$4$& 42- =$ 402&&%+%$3 2&N $4&.*,/

-5.+#45./0 $#44#+, -5.+#45./0 "&5+,/ = $"//6#+, -5.+#45./0 /*4#+, = 7&.!#+,

-5.+#45./O

E I,)-%',)$ %& /23$ ,6 (+ 2 &$)%$& (+ &%/60$ 2-3 4(/60$Q 62)'&8 9#%4# 42- 4(/=%-$

%-'( ;2)%(,& sub-assemblies 2-3 2 9%3$ )2-1$ (+ assemblies8 '#,& 24#%$;%-1

3%++$)$-' $& 2-3 ,&$&M


20/55

GL

UNIT 4. Technology of furniture manufacturing


Objectives


- to present the processing operations applied to the edge batten;

- to present the processing operations applied to the particleboard panel;

- to present the processing operations applied to veneer sheets;

- to present the manufacturing and processing operations applied to the sub-

assembly veneered and edged particleboard panel.




I,)-%',)$ 42- =$ /23$ $Q40,&%;$0* (+ 02)1$ &(0%3 9((3 () +)(/ &,=E2&&$/=0%$&

9#%4# %-4()6()2'$ %- '#$%) &'),4',)$ &(0%3 9((38 2& 9$00 2& ('#$) 9((3E=2&$3

/2'$)%20&8 0%F$N 62)'%40$=(2)3&8 +%=)$=(2)3&8 60*9((38 ;$-$$)& $'4M

I() %-&'2-4$8 '#$ &'),4',)$ (+ 2 '(6 602'$ 42- =$ %00,&')2'$3 2& &$$- %- +%1M HM? =$0(9N

"#$ &6$4%+%4 /2-,+24',)%-1 (6$)2'%(-& (+ &,4# 2 &,=E2&&$/=0* 2)$N


21/55

>C

a. Processing operations applied to the edge batten (made of solid wood):

E trimming E 2 4)(&&4,''%-1 (6$)2'%(- 9#%4# $0%/%-2'$& '%/=$) $-3&O

E sectioning E 2 4)(&&4,''%-1 (6$)2'%(-8 42))%$3 (,' '( $0%/%-2'$ 3$+$4'& () '(

)(,1#0* $ '#$ $31$O

E ripping E 2 0(-1%',3%-20 4,''%-1 (+ '%/=$) %- ()3$) '( 24#%$;$ '#$ &6$4%+%$3 9%3'#

(+ '#$ $31$ =2''$-8 %-40,3%-1 '#$ -$4$&&2)* (;$)&%Z$O

E straightening E 2- (6$)2'%(- 9#%4# $0%/%-2'$& '#$ $;$-',20 =$-3 S3$+0$4'%(-W (+

'#$ 62)' 3,$ '( )('2)* /%00%-18 =* /$2-& (+ 9#%4# 2 &/(('# &,)+24$ %& (='2%-$3O '#%&

&,)+24$ )$6)$&$-'& 2 )$+$)$-4$ +() +,)'#$) 6)(4$&&%-1 (6$)2'%(-&O

E edge straightening E =* ,&%-1 '#$ &')2%1#'$-$3 &,)+24$ 2& )$+$)$-4$ +()

6(&%'%(-%-1 '#$ +$-4$ =2)O

E planing - =* 9#%4# '#$ 24',20 '#%4F-$&& (+ '#$ $31$ %& (='2%-$38 %-40,3%-1

'(0$)2-4$&8 244()3%-1 '( '#$ &'2-32)3O

E tonguing E 2- (6$)2'%(- =2&$3 (- '#$ )('2)* /%00%-1 6)%-4%60$8 9#%4# 4,'& '#$ $31$

'(-1,$8 -$4$&&2)* +() 2&&$/=0%-1 %' 9%'# '#$ 62)'%40$=(2)3 62-$0O '#$ 6)(4$&&%-1

244,)24* (,03 200(9 (+ 2 6, +%'O

E crosscutting for size and angle E 9#%4# %& '#$ +%-20 6)(4$&&%-1 (+ '#$ $31$

0$-1'#M

b. Processing operations applied to the particleboard panel :

E length and width sizing E 4(-&%3$)%-1 '#2' '#$ =2''$- $31$ %& '( =$ 2660%$3 (-0*

(- (-$ 0(-1%',3%-20 $31$ (+ '#$ 62-$08 '#$ 62)'%40$=(2)3 42- =$ 4,' '( %'& +%-20

0$-1'#O 2& +2) 2& '#$ 9%3'# (+ '#$ 62-$0 %& 4(-4$)-$38 2- (;$)&%Z$ #2& '( =$ +()$&$$-O

'#$ +%-20 9%3'# &%Z%-1 %& '( =$ 3(-$ (-0* 2+'$) $31%-1O

E grooving E (6$)2'%(- =* /$2-& (+ 9#%4# '#$ &%Z$3 62)'%40$=(2)3 62-$0 %& 1)((;$3

%- ()3$) '( =$ d(%-$3 9%'# '#$ $31$ =2''$-&O

E glue spreading S%- '#$ 1)((;$W h 42))%$3 (,' =* /$2-& (+ &(/$ )('2)* 3$;%4$&8

62)'0* %//$)&$3 %-'( 2- 23#$&%;$M


22/55

>G

c. Processing operations applied to veneer sheets:

E length veneer sizing, 4(-&%3$)%-1 -$4$&&2)* (;$)&%Z$O

E width veneer sizing, (6$)2'%(- =* 9#%4# '#$ ;$-$$) $31$& 2)$ )$1,02)%&$3 %-

()3$) '( =$ d(%-$3O

E veneer jointing E =* ,&%-1 1,//$3 626$)8 +,&%=0$ '#)$23 () =* 10,%-1O

E sizing and trimming E '#$ +%-20 ;$-$$) $$' &%Z%-1 =$+()$ 10,%-1O

E end consolidation E =* 2660*%-1 1,//$3 626$) &')%6& (- '#$ d(%-$3 ;$-$$) $$'

$-3& '( 6)$;$-' 4)24F%-1M

d. Manufacturing and processing operations applied to the sub-assembly

veneered and edged particleboard panel :

E edge batten gluing E (6$)2'%(- =* 9#%4# &(0%3 9((3 =2''$-& 2)$ 2660%$3 '( '#$

62)'%40$=(2)3 $31$&O

E sanding (+ '#$ $31$3 62-$08 ,&%-1 2=)2&%;$ '((0&8 (6$)2'%(- 9#%4# 0$23& '( '#$

0$;$00%-1 (+ '#$ &(0%3 9((3 $31$& 9%'# '#$ 62-$08 )$&,0'%-1 %- 62)200$0 +24$&8

23$R,2'$ )(,1#-$&& (+ '#$ &,)+24$& 2-3 =$''$) 4(2'%-1 4(-3%'%(-&O

E glue spreading (- =('# &%3$& (+ '#$ =()3$)$3 2-3 &2-3$3 62-$08 ,&%-1 2 )(00$)

10,$ &6)$23%-1 /24#%-$O

E surface veneering E (6$)2'%(- =* 9#%4# '#$ e&2-39%4#e +()/$3 =* '#$ $31$3

62)'%40$=(2)3 62-$08 '#$ +24$ ;$-$$) 2-3 '#$ =24F ;$-$$) 2)$ 6)$&&$3 %- 2 #('E602'$-

6)$&&O

E panel conditioning E (6$)2'%(- 9#%4# $-&,)$& '#$%) 4((0%-18 2 /()$ $;$-

3%&')%=,'%(- (+ '#$ /(%&',)$ 4(-'$-' (- 4)(&&E&$4'%(-8 2& 9$00 2& '#$ $R,%0%=)2'%(- (+%--$) &')$&&$&O

E width sizing, moulding and rebating - (6$)2'%(-& =* 9#%4# '#$ ;$-$$)$3 62-$0

%& =)(,1#' '( +%-20 9%3'#8 2 3$4()2'%;$ 6)(+%0$ (+ '#$ &(0%3 9((3 $31$ %& (='2%-$3

2-3 '#$ )$=2'$ +() /(,-'%-1 '#$ =24F 62-$0 (- '#$ ('#$) 0(-1%',3%-20 $31$ %& 4,'O

E length sizing with edge moulding E (6$)2'%(-& 9#%4# 200(9 +() (='2%-%-1 '#$


23/55

>>

+%-20 62-$0 0$-1'#8 &%/,0'2-$(,&0* 9%'# /%00%-1 2 3$4()2'%;$ /(,03%-1O

E drilling E (6$)2'%(- =* 9#%4# 4*0%-3)%420 #(0$& 2)$ =()$3 +() '#$ 3(9$0 d(%-'&O

E surface and edge sanding E (6$)2'%(-& 9#%4# $-&,)$ '#$ +%-20 &/(('#-$&& (+

=('# &,)+24$ 2-3 $31$&8 9%'# 2 ;%$9 '( 4(2'%-1O

E finishing (+ '#$ )$23* 2&&$/=0$3 6)(3,4'8 =* &6)2*E4(2'%-1M

B. SELF-ASSESSMENT


•

`#%4# 2)$ '#$ &,=E2&&$/=0%$& '#2' %-4()6()2'$ %- '#$%) &'),4',)$ &(0%3 9((3

2-3 ('#$) 9((3E=2&$3 /2'$)%20&a

• J2/$ 2' 0$2&' +%;$ 6)(4$&&%-1 (6$)2'%(-& 2660%$3 '( '#$ $31$ =2''$-M

•

`#%4# 2)$ '#$ 6)(4$&&%-1 (6$)2'%(-& 2660%$3 '( '#$ 62)'%40$=(2)3 62-$0a

• V2- *(, $-,/$)2'$ '#$ 6)(4$&&%-1 (6$)2'%(-& 2660%$3 '( ;$-$$) $$'&a

• J2/$ 2' 0$2&' +%;$ 6)(4$&&%-1 (6$)2'%(-& 2660%$3 '( '#$ &,=E2&&$/=0*M

• `#2' 3( *(, ,-3$)&'2-3 =* i&,)+24$ ;$-$$)%-1ja

• `#2' #266$-& 3,)%-1 '#$ $31$ =2''$- 10,%-1 (6$)2'%(-a

• .- 9#2' (6$)2'%(- '#$ ;$-$$) $31$& 2)$ )$1,02)%&$3 %- ()3$) '( =$ d(%-$3a


passage?

• ")%//%-1 %& 2 4)(&&4,''%-1 (6$)2'%(- 9#%4# $0%/%-2'$& '%/=$) $-3&M ccc

• \$+$4'& 2)$ $0%/%-2'$3 =* /$2-& (+ '(-1,%-1M ccc

•

U* &')2%1#'$-%-18 '#$ $;$-',20 =$-3 () 3$+0$4'%(- (+ '#$ 62)' 3,$ '( )('2)*

/%00%-1 %& )$/(;$3M ccc

• "#$ 6)(4$3,)$ (+ 2660*%-1 1,//$3 626$) &')%6& (- '#$ d(%-$3 ;$-$$) $$'

$-3& '( 6)$;$-' 4)24F%-1 %& 4200$3 i$-3 4(-&(0%32'%(-jM ccc

• K,)+24$ 2-3 $31$ &2-3%-1 %& 42))%$3 (,' %- ()3$) '( (='2%- 2 3$4()2'%;$

6)(+%0$ (+ '#$ &(0%3 9((3 $31$M ccc


24/55

>?



A B

GM cc $31$ 2M +%'

>M cc )('2)* =M '#)$23

?M cc 62)'%40$=(2)3 4M &6)$23%-1

AM cc 6, 3M /%00%-1

BM cc 9%3'# $M d(%-'%-1

bM cc 10,$ +M 62-$0

TM cc ;$-$$) 1M =2''$-

HM cc 1,//$3 #M 626$)

LM cc +,&%=0$ %M &%Z%-1


6*.4#1"/3&*.90 %$45./0 6"*4/+0 3*44/+$0 6*+/"0 ,"5#+,0 $6./*9#+,0 *3.*$#2/0

2/+//.#+,0 .&5,:+/$$'

[$)$ 2)$ &(/$ 6)(4$&&%-1 (6$)2'%(-& 2660%$3 '( 2 &,=E2&&$/=0*N

E edge batten ____ E (6$)2'%(- =* 9#%4# &(0%3 9((3 ____ 2)$ 2660%$3 '( '#$

62)'%40$=(2)3 $31$&O

E sanding (+ '#$ $31$3 62-$08 ,&%-1 ____ '((0&8 (6$)2'%(- 9#%4# 0$23& '( '#$

0$;$00%-1 (+ '#$ &(0%3 9((3 $31$& 9%'# '#$ 62-$08 )$&,0'%-1 %- 62)200$0 +24$&8

23$R,2'$ ____ (+ '#$ &,)+24$& 2-3 =$''$) 4(2'%-1 4(-3%'%(-&O

E glue spreading (- =('# &%3$& (+ '#$ =()3$)$3 2-3 &2-3$3 62-$08 ,&%-1 2 )(00$)

10,$ ____ /24#%-$O

E surface ____ E (6$)2'%(- =* 9#%4# '#$ e&2-39%4#e +()/$3 =* '#$ $31$3 ____

62-$08 '#$ +24$ ;$-$$) 2-3 '#$ =24F ;$-$$) 2)$ 6)$&&$3 %- 2 #('E ____ 6)$&&O

E ____ conditioning E (6$)2'%(- 9#%4# $-&,)$& '#$%) 4((0%-18 2 /()$ $;$-

3%&')%=,'%(- (+ '#$ ____ 4(-'$-' (- 4)(&&E&$4'%(-8 2& 9$00 2& '#$ $R,%0%=)2'%(- (+

%--$) &')$&&$&O


25/55

>A

Summary

.- '#%& ,-%' *(, #2;$ 0$2)-' '#$ +(00(9%-1 main %&&,$&N

E "$4#-(0(1* (+ +,)-%',)$ /2-,+24',)%-1 %-40,3$& '#$ +(00(9%-1 (6$)2'%(-&N

E l)(4$&&%-1 (6$)2'%(-& 2660%$3 '( '#$ edge battenN 4.#%%#+,0 $/14#&+#+,0 .#66#+,0

$4.*#,:4/+#+,0 /9,/ $4.*#,:4/+#+,0 6"*+#+,0 4&+,5#+,0 1.&$$1544#+, -&. $#>/ *+9

*+,"/O

E l)(4$&&%-1 (6$)2'%(-& 2660%$3 '( '#$ particleboard panelN "/+,4: *+9 7#94:

$#>#+,0 ,.&&2#+,0 ,"5/ $6./*9#+, O

E l)(4$&&%-1 (6$)2'%(-& 2660%$3 '( '#$ veneer sheetsN "/+,4: *+9 7#94: $#>#+,0

2/+//. ?+4#+,0 $#>#+, *+9 4.#%%#+,0 /+9 1&+$&"#9*4#&+O

E l)(4$&&%-1 (6$)2'%(-& 2660%$3 '( '#$ '#$ &,=E2&&$/=0* veneered and edged

particleboard panelN /9,/ 3*44/+ ,"5#+,0 $*+9#+,0 ,"5/ $6./*9#+,0 $5.-*1/

2/+//.#+,0 6*+/" 1&+9#4#&+#+,0 7#94: $#>#+,0 %&5"9#+, *+9 ./3*4#+,0 "/+,4: $#>#+,

7#4: /9,/ %&5"9#+,0 9.#""#+,0 $5.-*1/ *+9 /9,/ $*+9#+,0 -#+#$:#+, M


26/55

>B

UNIT 5. Upholsteries


Objectives


- to classify upholstery materials;

- to describe methods of fixing various filling materials;

- to describe methods of fixing various covering and decoration materials.




@44()3%-1 '( '#$ 4(-&'),4'%(- &*&'$/8 ,6#(0&'$)%$& 42- =$ +%Q$3 () 3%&/(,-'2=0$M

@44()3%-1 '( '#$ -2',)$ (+ '#$ /2'$)%20& ,&$38 '#$* 42- =$ 402&&%420 2-3 /(3$)-M

"#$ classical upholstery %& 24#%$;$3 +)(/ ')23%'%(-20 /2'$)%20& ,&%-1 /2-,20

/$'#(3&M Modern upholstery ,&$& &$/%E6)(3,4'&8 0%F$ +$0'E'*6$ /2'&8 1,//$3

/2'&8 $02&'%4 4()$& 2-3 '#$* 2)$ /2-,+24',)$3 =* /$4#2-%420 6)(4$&&%-1M

56#(0&'$)%$& 42- =$ ,&$3 +() &%''%-1 +,)-%',)$ S4#2%)&8 2)/4#2%)&W 2-3 +() 0(,-1%-1

+,)-%',)$ S=$38 &$''$$8 4(,4#WM

"#$ &%''%-1 ,6#(0&'$)* %& /2%-0* /2-,+24',)$3 %- +%Q$3 4(-&'),4'%(-8 9#%0$ '#$

0(,-1%-1 (-$ %& /2-,+24',)$3 %- 3%&/(,-'2=0$ &'2'$8 2& 6%00(9& 2-3 /2'')$&&$&8

9%'# () 9%'#(,' =,%0'E%- &6)%-1&M

Classification of Upholstery Materials

56#(0&'$)* /2'$)%20& 42- =$ 402&&%+%$3 2& +(00(9&N


27/55

>b

E supporting materials E /23$ (+ &(0%3 9((3 () /$'200%4 +)2/$&8 60*9((38

4#%6=(2)3 () +%=)$=(2)3 62-$0&8 $'4M8 '#$%) )(0$ =$%-1 '( &,66()' '#$ ,6#(0&'$)*

&'),4',)$O

E springing materials E 9#%4# $-&,)$ '#$ $02&'%4%'* (+ '#$ ,6#(0&'$)*8 2& 9$00 2& %'&

0(-1 0%+$O '#$* 2)$ +()/$3 (+ 3%++$)$-' '*6$& (+ &6)%-1&8 &,4# 2&N #$0%420 () &6%)20

&6)%-1&8 #()%Z(-'20 &6)%-1& S+%1M HMBW8 &%-$ &6)%-1& () Z%1Z21 &6)%-1&8 &6)%-1E9%)$

-$'&8 +%Q$3 %- /$'20 +)2/$&8 $02&'%4 &6)%-1 4()$& S+%1M HMbW8 $02&'%4 4()$& (+ &6(-1*

/2'$)%20&8 6%00(9& 2-3 /2'')$&&$& (+ &6(-1* /2'$)%20&8 9%'# () 9%'#(,' =,%0'E%-

&6)%-1&O

Fig. 8.5. Horizontal springs Fig. 8.6. Springs and elastic cores:

2 E #$0%420 &6)%-1O = E #$0%420 4(-&(0%32'%(-

&6)%-1O 48 3 E $02&'%4 4()$&M

E consolidation materials &,4# 2&N #$/6 '9%-$8 ()' &6%)20 &6)%-1&8 9%)$ &'260$&8

+2&'$-$)&8 402/6&8 2-3 ('#$)&M

E filling materials 9#%4#8 244()3%-1 '( '#$%) &(,)4$8 42- =$N ;$1$'2=0$ /2'$)%20&

S&$2 1)2&&8 620/ 0$2;$&W8 2-%/20 /2'$)%20& S+,)8 9((0W8 &*-'#$'%4 /2'$)%20&

S$Q62-3$3 6(0*,)$'#2-$8 &*-'#$'%4 6(0*2/%3$ +%=)$&8 6(0*$&'$) +%=)$&8 $'4MWM "#$*

42- =$ ,&$3 2& &,4# () 2& &$/%E6)(3,4'& S;$1$'2=0$ +%=)(,& /2'&8 %-'$)E9(;$- /2'&8

1,//$3 /2'&8 &*-'#$'%4 /2'& (+ $Q6$-3$3 6(0*,)$'#2-$8 /(,03$3 6%00(9& (+

6(0*,)$'#2-$ +(2/&8 ,6#(0&'$)* 4(''(-WO

E covering and decorating materials, &,4# 2&N '#$ ,6#(0&'$)* +24%-18 )$&%&'2-4$

0%-$-8 =24F 0%-$-8 '#$ $31$ 4()38 $'4MO

E accessories, %M$M /2'$)%20& +() ,6#(0&'$)* +%-%%-1 2-3 +%Q%-18 &,4# 2& #2-30$&8

&'260$&8 )(&$''$&8 ,6#(0&'$)* -2%0&8 +2&'$-$)&8 =%'4#$&8 3$4()2'%;$ -2%0& $'4M


28/55

>T

I%1M HMT (9& '#$ &'),4',)$ (+ 2- ,6#(0&'$)* &'),4',)$ 9%'# #$0%420 &6)%-1&M

Fixing of Filling Materials

I%Q%-1 '#$ +%00%-1 /2'$)%20& 42- =$ 3(-$ %- &$;$)20 92*&8 244()3%-1 '( '#$

,6#(0&'$)* '*6$M "#,&8 9%'# +%Q$3 ,6#(0&'$)*8 '#$ +%00%-1 /2'$)%20& (+ ;$1$'2=0$8

2-%/208 &*-'#$'%4 () 4(/=%-$3 -2',)$ 9%00 =$ 6024$3 (- 2 6)('$4'%(- 02*$) /23$ (+

&24F40('#8 +$0' () +$0'E'*6$ /2'8 6024$3 (;$) '#$ &6)%-1&M

`%'# 402&&%420 ,6#(0&'$)*8 '#$ +%00%-1 /2'$)%20& 2)$ /23$ (+ 2' 0$2&' '9( 02*$)&N 2

&24F40('# %& &'%'4#$3 (;$) '#$ &$2 1)2&&8 +()/%-1 '#$ +%)&' 02*$)8 2-3 '#$ &$4(-3 02*$)

%& (+ ,6#(0&'$)* 4(''(-8 9%'# 2 '#%4F-$&& (+ GCE>C//8 (;$) 9#%4# 2 &')2%-$3 40('# %&

+%Q$38 9#%4# %& '#$- &'%'4#$3 '( '#$ +%)&' 2-3 '#$ &24F40('#M

@-('#$) +%00%-1 /2'$)%20 %& $Q62-3$3 6(0*,)$'#2-$8 9#%4# 0((F& 0%F$ &/(('# 623&8

(+ ;2)%(,& '#%4F-$&&8 () 623& 9%'# 2 1)((;$3 &,)+24$8 (,' (+ 9#%4# 6%00(9& (+

;2)%(,& '#%4F-$&& 42- =$ (='2%-$3 =* d(%-%-1 2-3 10,%-1M "#$ 6(0*,)$'#2-$

)$&%3,$&8 (='2%-$3 9#%0$ 4,''%-18 42- =$ /%-4$3 2-3 ,&$3 %- '#$ 6%00(9 %--$)

&'),4',)$ +() ,6#(0&'$)*8 6)(;%3%-1 +0$Q%=%0%'* 2-3 0(-1 ,&$+,0 0%+$M

l(0*,)$'#2-$ +(2/&8 2& +%00%-1 /2'$)%20&8 2)$ '( =$ +%Q$3 2& +(00(9&N

E 9%'# +%Q$3 ,6#(0&'$)*8 '#$ 6(0*,)$'#2-$ 02*$) 9%00 =$ +%Q$3 '( '#$ &6)%-1& () $02&'%4

4()$ =* /$2-& (+ 10,%-18 &'%'4#%-1 () &'260%-1 (;$) '#$ 6)('$4'%(- 02*$) S&24F40('#WO

E 9#$- +%Q%-1 %' (- 2 )%1%3 +)2/$8 '#$ 6(0*,)$'#2-$ 02*$) 9%00 =$ 10,$3 9%'# 4(-'24'

23#$&%;$& 2-3 '#$ 623 9%00 =$ 3)%00$38 &( '#2' '#$ 2%) %- '#$ 6(0*,)$'#2-$ =$


29/55

>H

3%&4#2)1$3 3,)%-1 '#$ ,6#(0&'$)* 4(/6)$&&%(-O

E 9#$- ,&%-1 &$/%E+0$Q%=0$ () +0$Q%=0$ &')269()F 2& &,66()'%-1 $0$/$-'8 '#$

6(0*,)$'#2-$ 02*$) 9%00 =$ +%Q$3 3%)$4'0* (-'( '#$ &,66()' () (;$) 2 9$00E&')$'4#$3

40('#M .- '#%& 42&$8 3$'24#2=0$ 6(0*,)$'#2-$ 6%00(9& (+ 3%++$)$-' &'),4',)$& 2)$ ,&$3M

"( %-4)$2&$ '#$ +0$Q%=%0%'* 2-3 '#$ 4(/+()' (+ '#$ ,6#(0&'$)* 9%'# 6(0*,)$'#2-$

+%00%-18 /(,03$3 6%00(9& 42- =$ /2-,+24',)$3 '#2' 2)$ &%Z$3 244()3%-1 '( '#$ &$2' ()

'#$ =24FM K%''%-1 6%00(9& 42- 20&( #2;$ =,%0'E%- &6)%-1&8 '#,& %-4)$2&%-1 '#$%) ,&$+,0

0%+$8 )$3,4%-1 '#$ 9$%1#' 2-3 *%$03%-1 2 +0$Q%=%0%'* 3$1)$$ 23d,&'$3 '( '#$ +,-4'%(-

(+ '#$ 6%$4$ (+ +,)-%',)$M

Fixing of Covering and Decoration Materials

V(;$)%-1 /2'$)%20& &,4# 2& 40('#8 0$2'#$)8 () 0$2'#$) &,=&'%','$8 )$6)$&$-' '#$3$4()2'%;$ 02*$) (+ '#$ ,6#(0&'$)*M "#$ 3)29%-18 '$Q',)$ 2-3 4(0(,) (+ '#$ 40('#&

-$$3 '( /2'4# '#$ 4(0(,)8 +%-%%-18 2)4#%'$4',)$ 2-3 &'*0$ (+ '#$ +,)-%',)$ 6%$4$M

"#$ 4(;$)%-1 /2'$)%20& 9%00 =$ +%Q$3 '( '#$ +)2/$ () &,66()' (+ '#$ +,)-%',)$ 6%$4$8

9%'# ,6#(0&'$)* -2%0& () &'260$&8 2' 2 3%&'2-4$ (+ >CE?C//M "#$ 40('# 9%00 =$

&')$'4#$3 '( 2;(%3 2-* +(03&8 '#$ 3)29%-1 (+ '#$ 40('# =$%-1 &*//$')%4200* 6024$3

212%-&' '#$ ,6#(0&'$)* 2Q%&M

"#$ $31$ 4()3 %& +2&'$-$3 =* /$2-& (+ &'%'4#%-18 10,%-1 () #%33$- +2&'$-$)&M

"#$ 3$4()2'%;$ -2%0& 9%00 =$ +%Q$3 2' $R,20 %-'$);20& (+ >CE?C//8 20%1-$3 212%-&'

'#$ $31$ () '#$ 4(-'(,) (+ '#$ +,)-%',)$ 6%$4$M

B. SELF-ASSESSMENT


• `#%4# 2)$ '#$ 4#2)24'$)%&'%4& (+ 402&&%420 ,6#(0&'$)*a

• `#%4# 2)$ '#$ 4#2)24'$)%&'%4& (+ /(3$)- ,6#(0&'$)*a

• `#2' %& '#$ 3%++$)$-4$ =$'9$$- &%''%-1 2-3 0(,-1%-1 ,6#(0&'$)*a

•

J2/$ &$;$)20 &,66()'%-1 /2'$)%20&M

• [(9 /2-* '*6$& (+ &6)%-1& 42- *(, '#%-F (+a


30/55

>L

• \$+%-$ i244$&&()%$&j 2-3 1%;$ &(/$ $Q2/60$&M

• [(9 %& '#$ $31$ 4()3 +2&'$-$3 '( '#$ ,6#(0&'$)* +24%-1a

• `#2' %& '#$ &'2-32)3 3%&'2-4$ =$'9$$- ,6#(0&'$)* -2%0& () &'260$&a


passage?

• Y$&%&'2-4$ 0%-$- %& 2 ;$)* %/6()'2-' +%00%-1 /2'$)%20 (+ 2-%/20 ()%1%-M ccc

• "#$ 6(0*,)$'#2-$ 02*$) %& +%Q$3 '( '#$ &6)%-1& () $02&'%4 4()$ =* /$2-& (+

10,%-18 &'%'4#%-1 () &'260%-1 (;$) '#$ &24F40('#M ccc

• [$/6 '9%-$ 2-3 402/6& 2)$ 02)1$0* ,&$3 9%'# 2 ;%$9 '( $-&,)%-1 '#$

$02&'%4%'* (+ '#$ ,6#(0&'$)*M ccc

• `#$- ,&%-1 +0$Q%=0$ &')269()F 2& &,66()'%-1 $0$/$-'8 '#$ 6(0*,)$'#2-$

02*$) %& +%Q$3 3%)$4'0* (-'( '#$ &,66()' () (;$) 2 9$00E&')$'4#$3 40('#M ccc

• "#$ 3)29%-1 (+ '#$ 9$00E&')$'4#$3 40('# (,03 =$ 2&*//$')%4200* 6024$3

212%-&' '#$ ,6#(0&'$)* 2Q%&M ccc



A B

GM cc +$0*E'*6$ 2M 4()3

>M cc $02&'%4 =M &'260$

?M cc 0(,-1%-1 4M +,)-%',)$

AM cc #$0%420 3M 0%-$-

BM cc #$/6 $M /2'$)%20

bM cc 9%)$ +M 4()$

TM cc +%00%-1 1M '9%-$

HM cc )$&%&'2-4$ #M &6)%-1LM cc $31$ %M /2'


5$/-5"0 ?+#+,0 6*9$0 $*1!1"&4:0 ,.*$$0 6#""&70 ,.&&2/90 6&"


31/55

?C

`%'# 402&&%420 ,6#(0&'$)*8 '#$ cccc /2'$)%20& 2)$ /23$ (+ 2' 0$2&' '9(

02*$)&N 2 &24F40('# %& &'%'4#$3 (;$) '#$ &$2 cccc8 +()/%-1 '#$ +%)&' 02*$)8 2-3 '#$

&$4(-3 02*$) %& (+ ,6#(0&'$)* cccc8 9%'# 2 '#%4F-$&& (+ GCE>C//8 (;$) 9#%4# 2

&')2%-$3 40('# %& +%Q$38 9#%4# %& '#$- &'%'4#$3 '( '#$ +%)&' 2-3 '#$ ccccM

@-('#$) +%00%-1 /2'$)%20 %& $Q62-3$3 cccc8 9#%4# 0((F& 0%F$ &/(('# cccc8

(+ ;2)%(,& '#%4F-$&&8 () 623& 9%'# 2 cccc &,)+24$8 (,' (+ 9#%4# 6%00(9& (+ ;2)%(,&

'#%4F-$&& 42- =$ (='2%-$3 =* cccc 2-3 10,%-1M "#$ 6(0*,)$'#2-$ )$&%3,$&8 (='2%-$3

9#%0$ 4,''%-18 42- =$ /%-4$3 2-3 ,&$3 %- '#$ cccc %--$) &'),4',)$ +() ,6#(0&'$)*8

6)(;%3%-1 +0$Q%=%0%'* 2-3 0(-1 cccc 0%+$M

Summary

.- '#%& ,-%' *(, #2;$ 0$2)-' '#$ +(00(9%-1 main %&&,$&N

E Upholsteries 42- =$ 402&&%+%$3 2& -#@/9 () 9#$%&5+4*3"/8 1"*$$#1*" () %&9/.+8

,&$3 +() $#44#+, () "&5+,#+, +,)-%',)$O

E Upholstery materials %-40,3$ '#$ +(00(9%-1N $566&.4#+, %*4/.#*"$0 $6.#+,#+,

%*4/.#*"$0 1&+$&"#9*4#&+ %*4/.#*"$0 -#""#+, %*4/.#*"$0 1&2/.#+, *+9 9/1&.*4#+,

%*4/.#*"$0 2-3 *11/$$&.#/$O

E Fixing the filling materials 42- =$ 3(-$ %- &$;$)20 92*&8 244()3%-1 '( '#$

,6#(0&'$)* '*6$M "#,&8 9%'# +%Q$3 ,6#(0&'$)*8 '#$ +%00%-1 /2'$)%20& 9%00 =$ 6024$3

(- 2 6)('$4'%(- 02*$) /23$ (+ &24F40('#8 +$0' () +$0'E'*6$ /2'8 6024$3 (;$) '#$

&6)%-1&O

E Covering materials )$6)$&$-' '#$ decorative 02*$) (+ '#$ ,6#(0&'$)*8 2-3 9%00 =$

+%Q$3 '( '#$ +)2/$ () &,66()' (+ '#$ +,)-%',)$ 6%$4$8 9%'# ,6#(0&'$)* -2%0& ()

&'260$&8 2' 2 3%&'2-4$ (+ >CE?C//M "#$ 40('# 9%00 =$ &')$'4#$3 '( 2;(%3 2-* +(03&8

'#$ 3)29%-1 (+ '#$ 40('# =$%-1 &*//$')%4200* 6024$3 212%-&' '#$ ,6#(0&'$)* 2Q%&M


32/55

?G

UNIT 6. Veneer, plywood and laminates


Objectives


- to define and classify veneer, plywood and laminates;

- to briefly present each type of veneer, plywood and laminates .




Definition and Classification

"#$ 3$+%-%'%(-& (+ '#$ /2%- '$)/& )$+$))%-1 '( ;$-$$)& 2-3 02/%-2'$& 2)$

&'2-32)3%&$3M "#,&N

a) Veneers 2)$ '#%- 9((3$- $$'& #2;%-1 2 '#%4F-$&& (+ 0$&& '#2- b //8 (='2%-$3

=* )('2)* 4,''%-1 () &0%4%-1M

@44()3%-1 '( '#$ 4,''%-1 6)(4$&&8 9$ 3%&'%-1,% =$'9$$-N

; $"#1/9 ;$-$$)&8 (='2%-$3 =* /$2-& (+ 2 F-%+$ 3)%;$- %- 2- (&4%002'%-1 /(;$/$-'

62)200$0 '( '#$ &,66()' &,)+24$ (+ '#$ 9((3 +0%'4#O

; .&4*.


33/55

?>

'#%4F-$&& +() $24# )('2'%(- (+ '#$ 0(1O

; :*"-;.&4*.


34/55

??

; %#@/9 60*9((3 E 9#(&$ %--$) 60%$& 2)$ (+ 2 &6$4%$& 3%++$)$-' +)(/ '#2' (+ '#$

(,'$) 60%$&M

I,-4'%(-200*8 60*9((3 +200& %-'( &$;$)20 42'$1()%$&N

E 60*9((3 -&. ,/+/.*" 5$/O

; $6/1#*" 60*9((3 E 9%'# 4$)'2%- &6$4%20 +$2',)$& +() &6$4%+%4 6,)6(&$&8 &,4# 2&N

; #+4/.#&. 60*9((38 ,&$3 (-0* %- 40(&$3 &624$&8 ,-3$) -()/20 2%)E#,/%3%'* 2-3

'$/6$)2',)$ 4(-3%'%(-&O

; /@4/.#&. 60*9((38 )$&%&'2-' '( 92'$) 2-3 #%1# #,/%3%'*O

E 60*9((3 -&. .*#"7*< 7*,&+$8 10,$3 2-3 6)('$4'$3 (- =('# &%3$& 9%'# 6#$-(0E

=2&$38 92'$)E)$&%&'2-' 23#$&%;$&O

; *#.1.*-4 60*9((38 $'4M

@44()3%-1 '( '#$ 3$1)$$ (+ &,)+24$ 6)(4$&&%-18 60*9((3 62-$0& 42- =$N ;$-$$)$3O

/$02/%-$E+24$3O $-2/$00$3O 4(2'$3 9%'# 3$4()2'%;$ +(%0&O $-1)2;$3 9%'# )$0%$+

3)29%-1&8 $'4M

l0*9((3 42- 20&( =$ (='2%-$3 =* 4(/=%-%-1 9((3 9%'# ('#$) /2'$)%20&M "#,&8 '#$

+(00(9%-1 '*6$& 42- =$ %3$-'%+%$3N

; ./#+-&.1/9 60*9((3 E %- 9#%4# ;$-$$) %& %-'$)9(;$- 9%'# 102&& +%=)$&8 42)=(-

+%=)$&8 '$Q'%0$ +%=)$& $'4MO

; 1*$/9 60*9((3 E 9#%4# #2& 2 /$'20 $$' (+ &'$$08 20,/%-%,/8 0$238 () 4(66$) (-

(-$ () =('# &%3$&O

; *$3/$4&$ 60*9((3 E 4(;$)$3 9%'# 2&=$&'(& 02*$)& (- (-$ () =('# +24$& S-( 0(-1$)

/2-,+24',)$3 =$42,&$ (+ &$)%(,& #$20'# #2Z2)3 '#2' 2&=$&'(& 6(&$&WM

c) Blockboard %& 2 =(2)3 4(-&%&'%-1 (+ 2 4()$ /23$ (+ &(+'9((3 &')%6& 2-3 4(;$)$3

9%'# &'),4',)20 ;$-$$)& (- =('# +24$&8 9%'# '#$ 1)2%- 6$)6$-3%4,02) '( '#$ 3%)$4'%(-

(+ '#$ &')%6& S+%1M LM>WM @44()3%-1 '( '#$ ;$-$$) &6$4%$& ,&$38 =0(4F=(2)3& 42- =$

6)(3,4$3 +)(/ =$$4#8 0%/$8 203$) () 6(602)M


35/55

?A

Fig. 9.2. Blockboard: G E 4()$ &')%6&O > E +24$ ;$-$$)M

d) Densified laminated boards 2)$ 62-$0& (='2%-$3 =* 10,%-1 2-3 6)$&&%-1 &$;$)20

;$-$$) $$'&8 (-$ 2=(;$ '#$ ('#$)8 &( '#2' '#$ 1)2%- 3%)$4'%(- (+ 2 ;$-$$) $$'

(,03 =$ ()%$-'$3 %- 2 62)'%4,02) 92* )$02'%;$ '( '#$ 1)2%- 3%)$4'%(- (+ '#$ $$'

2=(;$ 2-3 =$-$2'# %'M "#%& '*6$ (+ =(2)3& %& (='2%-$3 2' #%1# 6)$&&,)$ S(;$) B

:l2WM "#$ 4(/6)$&&%(- 3$1)$$ )2-1$& +)(/ >Cn S9%'# 0(9E3$-&%'* 02/%-2'$3

=(2)3&W '( ABn S9%'# #%1#E3$-&%'* 02/%-2'$3 =(2)3&WM

@44()3%-1 '( '#$ ()%$-'2'%(- (+ '#$ ;$-$$) 02*$)&8 +(,) '*6$& (+ 3$-&%+%$3 02/%-2'$3

=(2)3& 2)$ 6)(3,4$3 S+%1M LM?WN

E '*6$ @ E 9#$)$ 200 (+ '#$ ;$-$$)& 2)$ 6024$3 9%'# '#$%) 1)2%- %- '#$ &2/$ 3%)$4'%(-

2-3 9#%4# #2;$ #%1# =$-3%-1 2-3 '$-&%0$ &')$-1'#& (- '#%& 62)'%4,02) 3%)$4'%(-O

E '*6$ U E 9#$)$ 2 6$)6$-3%4,02) 02*$) %& 6024$3 2+'$) BEGC 02*$)& (+ ;$-$$)& 9%'#

62)200$0 +%=)$&O

E '*6$ V E 9#$)$ 1)2%- 3%)$4'%(- 20'$)-2'$& 2' LCm 9%'#%- $24# 62%) (+ 23d(%-%-1

02*$)&8 %- 2 &%/%02) 92* '( &'2-32)3 60*9((3O

E '*6$ \ E 9#$)$ 1)2%- 3%)$4'%(- 20'$)-2'$& 2' GBEABm 9%'#%- $24# 62%) (+ 23d(%-%-1

02*$)&8 %- 2 &%/%02) 92* '( &'2)E$3 60*9((3M


36/55

?B

Fig. 9.3. Types of densified laminated boards

e) Panelled frames 4(-&%&' (+ 2 &(0%3 9((3 +)2/$ 4(;$)$3 9%'# ;$-$$) $$'& ()

;2)%(,& =(2)3& S60*9((38 +%=)$=(2)3 $'4MW (- =('# +24$&8 '#$ 4()$ (+ '#$ =(2)3

=$%-1 #(00(98 () +%00$3 9%'# 9((3 &')%6&8 42)3=(2)3 &')%6& () ;$-$$)&8 2))2-1$3 %-

3%++$)$-' $& S2& (9- %- +%1M LMAWM

f) Laminated moulded elements 2)$ 6)(3,4'& 9%'# 2 '#)$$E3%/$-&%(-20

4(-+%1,)2'%(-8 (='2%-$3 =* 10,%-1 2-3 6)$&&%-1 ;$-$$)&M "#$* 2)$ R,%'$ &%/%02) '(

60*9((38 '#$ 3%++$)$-4$ 4(-&%&'%-1 %- '#$ $ S('#$) '#2- +02'W (+ '#$ 6)(3,4'8

(='2%-$3 =* /$2-& (+ /$/=)2-$ 6)$&&$& () &6$4%20 =$-3%-1 d%1&M

Fig. 9.4. Panelled doors with: 2 E 1)%3 4()$O = E #(-$*4(/= 4()$O 4E &6%)20& 4()$M


37/55

?b

B. SELF-ASSESSMENT


• [(9 42- *(, 3$+%-$ i;$-$$)&ja

•

`#2' '*6$& (+ ;$-$$) 3( *(, F-(9 244()3%-1 '( '#$ 4,''%-1 6)(4$&&a

• V2- *(, 402&&%+* ;$-$$)& 244()3%-1 '( '#$%) ,&$a

• `#2' 3( *(, ,-3$)&'2-3 =* i60*9((3ja

• `#2' '*6$& (+ 60*9((3 2)$ 6)(3,4$38 %+ *(, 9$)$ '( 4(-&%3$) '#$%)

&'),4',)$a

• [(9 %& )$%-+()4$3 60*9((3 (='2%-$3a

• `#2' '*6$ (+ =(2)3& 2)$ (='2%-$3 2' 6)$&&,)$& #%1#$) '#2- B :l2a

•

`#2' %& '#$ 3%++$)$-4$ =$'9$$- 02/%-2'$3 /(,03$3 $0$/$-'& 2-3 60*9((3a


passage?

• Y('2)*E4,' ;$-$$)& 2)$ (='2%-$3 =* '2-1$-'%20 4,''%-1 (+ 2 0(1 )('2'%-1

2)(,-3 %'& 0(-1%',3%-20 2Q%&M ccc

• \$4()2'%;$ ;$-$$)& 2)$ ,&$3 '( 6)(3,4$ 60*9((3& 2-3 ('#$) 02/%-2'$&M ccc

•

V2&$3

60*9((3 #2& 2 /$'20 $$' (+ &'$$08 20,/%-%,/8 0$238 () 4(66$) (-

(-$ () =('# &%3$&M ccc

• l2-$00$3 +)2/$& 2)$ (='2%-$3 =* 10,%-1 2-3 6)$&&%-1 &$;$)20 ;$-$$) $$'&8

(-$ 2=(;$ '#$ ('#$)M ccc

• "#$ $ (+ 2 02/%-2'$3 /(,03$3 $0$/$-' %& (='2%-$3 =* /$2-& (+

/$/=)2-$ 6)$&&$& () &6$4%20 =$-3%-1 d%1&M ccc



A B

GM cc )('2)* 2M +0%'4#

>M cc 9((3 =M 60*9((3

?M cc 4,''%-1 4M 02*$)&

AM cc &'),4',)20 3M $31$


38/55

?T

BM cc &'2)E$3 $M 23#$&%;$

bM cc 6#$-(0E=2&$3 +M +)2/$

TM cc '$-&%0$ 1M 4,''%-1

HM cc 23d(%-%-1 #M ;$-$$)

LM cc 62-$00$3 %M &')$-1'#


*"9/.0 %/%3.*+/0 "*%#+*4/90 ?#,$0 ,.*#+0 $://4$0 6"


39/55

?H

UNIT 7. Manufacturing technology of veneers and plywood


Objectives


- to describe the manufacturing process and techniques used in producing

veneers and plywood .




Decorative veneers 2)$ 6)(3,4$3 %- Y(/2-%2 +)(/ #(/$E1)(9- &(+'9((3 2-3

#2)39((3 &6$4%$&8 &,4# 2&N &%0;$) +%)8 02)4#8 &6),4$8 (2F8 /260$8 920-,'8 4#$))*E')$$8

6$2)E')$$8 203$)8 2 $0/8 =$$4#8 $'4M8 2& 9$00 2& $Q('%4 &6$4%$&M \,$ '( '#$%)

3%;$)&%'*8 '#$&$ 2)$ 3%;%3$3 %-'( '#)$$ 402&&$&N )$3 $Q('%4 &6$4%$&8 920-,'

&,=&'%','%-1 &6$4%$& 2-3 ;2)%(,& $Q('%4 &6$4%$&M

"#$ /2-,+24',)%-1 '$4#-(0(1* (+ ;$-$$)& %-40,3$& &$;$)20 (6$)2'%(-&M @+'$) '#$

0(1& #2;$ =$$- ,-0(23$38 '#$* 2)$ R,2-'%'2'%;$0* 2-3 R,20%'2'%;$0* 244$6'$38 '#$-

&'()$38 6)$&$);$3 2-3 6)$62)$3 +() &29%-1M "#$ 6)$62)2'()* (6$)2'%(-& 4(-&%&' (+N

4,''%-1 '( 0$-1'#8 &'$2/%-1 () =(%0%-18 3$=2)F%-1 2-3 40$2-%-1 S&269((3 () )(' 2)$

)$/(;$3W8 +0%'4# 6)$62)2'%(-M

\$4()2'%;$ ;$-$$)& 2)$ &29- 9%'# ;$)'%420 () #()%Z(-'20 &0%4$)& () 9%'# &6$4%20

)('2)* 4,''%-1 /24#%-$& 9%'# K'2* _(1 &*&'$/8 9#%4# +%Q$& '#$ 0(1 () +0%'4#

$44$-')%4200* %- '#$ 02'#$M "#%- ;$-$$)& 42- 20&( =$ (='2%-$3 =* /$2-& (+


40/55

?L

0(-1%',3%-20 &0%4%-1M

@+'$) 4,''%-18 '#$ ;$-$$) $$'& 2)$ 3)%$3 %- '#$ ()3$) %- 9#%4# '#$* 9$)$ 4,'M

"#$)$+()$8 602'$ 3)*$)& 42- =$ ,&$38 2& 9$00 2& =$0' () )(00$) 3)*$)&M "( %-4)$2&$ 2%)

;$0(4%'*8 /(3$)- 3)*%-1 ',--$0& #2;$ =$$- $R,%66$3 9%'# 2 &$)%$& (+ 2%) ',=$& 9%'#

&0%' -(ZZ0$&8 '#$ ;$-$$) ')2-&6()' =$%-1 6)(;%3$3 =* 62%)& (+ )(00$)& 6024$3 =$'9$$-

'9( 4(-&$4,'%;$ -(ZZ0$E',=$&M "#%& 6%$4$ (+ $R,%6/$-' %& )$+$))$3 '( 2& e-(ZZ0$E

',=$& )(00$) 3)*$)eM

\)* ;$-$$)& %- 624F21$& (+ G> () >A $$'& 2)$ &%Z$3 9%'# ;$-$$) 40%66$)&8 '#$-

1)23$3 244()3%-1 '( R,20%'* 402&&$& 2-3 =,-30$3 9%'# #$/6 '9%-$M @+'$) '#2'8 '#$*

2)$ &'()$3 (- 602'+()/& %- &'()21$ )((/& 9%'# 2 )$02'%;$ 2%)E#,/%3%'* (+ bBn 2-3

2- 2%) '$/6$)2',)$ (+ 2=(,' >CmVM

Structural veneers 2)$ ,&,200* 6)(3,4$3 +)(/ =$$4#8 0%/$8 6(602) 2-3 &(+'9((3&M

@+'$) 4,''%-1 '( 0$-1'#8 '#$)/20 ')$2'/$-' 2-3 3$=2)F%-18 '#$ 0(1 %& +%Q$3 %- '#$

)('2)* 4,''%-1 /24#%-$8 9#%4# %& 6)(;%3$3 9%'# 2 4$-')%-1 ,-%'8 2-3 '#$-

')2-&+()/$3 %-'( 2 4(-'%-,(,& $$' (+ ;$-$$)8 9#%4# %& )$$0$3 (- 2 =(==%-M

5-3$)&%Z$3 ;$-$$)& h (='2%-$3 +)(/ -(-E4*0%-3)%420 62)'& (+ 0(1&8 2& 9$00 2& ,-4,'

&6%-30$ 4()$& h 2)$ 4#%66$3 2-3 ,&$3 +() /2-,+24',)%-1 62)'%40$=(2)3& () 2& +,$0M

"#$ &,%'2=0$ ;$-$$)& 2)$ 4,' 9%'# 40%66$)&8 %- ()3$) '( )$/(;$ 3$+$4'& 2-3 '( (='2%-

'#$ 3$&%)$3 $& 2-3 3%/$-&%(-&M \)*%-1 42- =$ 6$)+()/$3 2+'$) 40%66%-18

&%/%02)0* '( '#$ 3)*%-1 (+ 3$4()2'%;$ ;$-$$)&8 () =$+()$ 40%66%-18 9#$- '#$

4(-'%-,(,& ;$-$$) $$' %& ,-)$$0$3 3%)$4'0* %-'( '#$ 3)*$)M .- '#%& 42&$8 2' '#$ e3)*

$-3e (+ '#$ ',--$0 '#$ 3)%$3 4(-'%-,(,& ;$-$$) $$' $Q%'& (-'( 2 4(-;$*()8 9#%4#

42))%$& %' '( '#$ 40%66$)M

@+'$) 1)23%-18 '#$ ;$-$$) $$'& 9%'# 3$+$4'& 2)$ )$62%)$3N '#$ 3$+$4'& 2)$ )$/(;$3

=* &'2/6%-1 2-3 )$6024$3 9%'# 62'4#$& (+ 266)(6)%2'$ ;$-$$)M D-3 &60%'& 2)$

4(-&(0%32'$3 9%'# 1,//$3 626$) &')%6&M "#$ )$62%)%-1 (+ ;$-$$)& %& 02=(,)E%-'$-&%;$ 2-3 42- =$ /%-%/%&$3 =* $0%/%-2'%-1 '#$ +2,0'& 9#%0$ 40%66%-1 ;$-$$)&8

$;$- %+ '#%& 0$23& '( 2 /,4# &/200$) R,2-'%'* (+ 4(/60$'$ $$'& 2-3 2 02)1$)

R,2-'%'* (+ +2,0'0$&& ;$-$$) &')%6&M

"#$ 6)(4$&&%-1 (+ '#$ ;$-$$) &')%6& 2+'$) 3)*%-1 %-;(0;$& $31$ &')2%1#'$-%-18 10,$

&6)$23%-1 2-3 $31$E'(E$31$ ;$-$$) d(%-'%-18 ,&%-1 0$-1'# () 4)(&& +$$3$)&M V)(&&

+$$3 /24#%-$& 2)$ 6)$+$))$38 2& '#$* 2)$ /()$ 6)(3,4'%;$ 2-3 1$-$)2'$ 0$&& 9((3


41/55

AC

92&'$M "#$ 3%&23;2-'21$ %& '#2' '#$* 3( -(' 200(9 (+ '#$ 4#(%4$ (+ &')%6& 9#%4# 9%00

+()/ '#$ $-'%)$ $$'8 2-3 '#%& 9%00 0$23 '( 2 0(9$) R,20%'* (+ '#$ =(2)3M

.- ()3$) '( (='2%- 60*9((38 ;$-$$)& 2)$ 10,$3 =* /$2-& (+ )(00$) &6)$23$)&8 4,)'2%-

10,$ &6)$23$)& () $Q'),3$)&M 7$-$$) 624F& 2)$ +()/$3 4())$&6(-3%-1 '( '#$

'#%4F-$&& (+ '#$ &'),4',)$ '( =$ (='2%-$3M "#$ 10,$3 ;$-$$) 624F& 2)$ +%)&' 4(03E

6)$&&$3 '( 4(-&(0%32'$ '#$ &'),4',)$8 2-3 '#$- '#$* 2)$ %-')(3,4$3 %- /,0'%E32*0%1#'

6)$&&$& =* /$2-& (+ $0$;2'()&M

@+'$) 6)$&&%-18 62-$0& 2)$ &'()$3 '( )$24# 2 &'2-32)3 /(%&',)$ 4(-'$-' 2-3

'$/6$)2',)$M "#$- '#$* 2)$ &%Z$38 &2-3$38 1)23$3 2-3 &'()$38 )$23* +() 3$0%;$)* ()

+,)'#$) 6)(4$&&%-1 2& &,=E2&&$/=0%$& (+ ;2)%(,& +,)-%',)$ 6)(3,4'&M

B. SELF-ASSESSMENT


• `#2' 0(420 &6$4%$& (+ 9((3 2)$ 3$4()2'%;$ ;$-$$)& 6)(3,4$3 +)(/a

• V2- *(, -2/$ +%;$ (6$)2'%(-& 6)%() '( &29%-1a

• `#2' &()' (+ 3)*$)& 42- =$ ,&$3 +() 3)*%-1 ;$-$$) $$'&a

• `#2' #266$-& '( ,-3$)&%Z$3 ;$-$$)&a

•

`#$- 42- '#$ 3)*%-1 6)(4$&& =$ 42))%$3 (,' %- '#$ 42&$ (+ &'),4',)20

;$-$$)&a

• [(9 2)$ $-3 &60%'& 4(-&(0%32'$3a

• `#2' '*6$ (+ (6$)2'%(-& 2)$ %-;(0;$3 %- '#$ 6)(4$&&%-1 (+ ;$-$$) &')%6&a

• `#2' %& '#$ /2%- 3)29=24F (+ 4)(&& +$$3 /24#%-$&a


passage?

• .- ()3$) '( (='2%- 60*9((38 ;$-$$)& 2)$ 10,$3 =* /$2-& (+ )(00$) &6)$23$)&8

4,)'2%- 10,$ &6)$23$)& () $Q'),3$)&M ccc

• "#$ 3$+$4'& (+ ;$-$$) $$'& 2)$ )$/(;$3 =* &'2/6%-1 2-3 )$6024$3 9%'#

62'4#$& (+ 266)(6)%2'$ ;$-$$)M ccc


42/55

AG

• @+'$) 6)$&&%-18 62-$0& 2)$ &'()$3 '( )$24# 2 &'2-32)3 /(%&',)$ 4(-'$-' 2-3

'$/6$)2',)$M ccc

• \$4()2'%;$ ;$-$$)& 2)$ &29- 9%'# ;$)'%420 () #()%Z(-'20 40%66$)&M ccc

• \)* ;$-$$)& 2)$ &'()$3 %- )((/& 9%'# 2 )$02'%;$ 2%)E#,/%3%'* (+ HBnM ccc



A B

GM cc 3$4()2'%;$ 2M 4()$

>M cc #(/$E1)(9- =M &0%4$)

?M cc #()%Z(-'20 4M ;$-$$)

AM cc 602'$ 3M ',--$0

BM cc 3)*%-1 $M &6$4%$&

bM cc ;$-$$) +M ')$2'/$-'

TM cc '#$)/20 1M &')2%1#'$-%-1

HM cc &6%-30$ #M 40%66$)

LM cc $31$ %M 3)*$)


-//9/.$0 /@4.59/.$0 $://40 $6./*9#+,0 1&"90 7*$4/0 %5"4#;9*


43/55

A>

Summary

.- '#%& ,-%' *(, #2;$ 0$2)-' '#$ +(00(9%-1 main %&&,$&N

E "#$ /2-,+24',)%-1 '$4#-(0(1* (+ veneers %-40,3$& &$;$)20 (6$)2'%(-&M @+'$) '#$

0(1& #2;$ =$$- ,-0(23$38 '#$* 2)$ R,2-'%'2'%;$0* 2-3 R,20%'2'%;$0* 244$6'$38 '#$-

&'()$38 6)$&$);$3 2-3 6)$62)$3 +() &29%-1M "#$ 6)$62)2'()* (6$)2'%(-& 4(-&%&' (+N

4,''%-1 '( 0$-1'#8 &'$2/%-1 () =(%0%-18 3$=2)F%-1 2-3 40$2-%-18 +0%'4# 6)$62)2'%(-O

E Decorative veneers 2)$ &29- 9%'# ;$)'%420 () #()%Z(-'20 &0%4$)& () 9%'# )('2)*

4,''%-1 /24#%-$&M "#%- ;$-$$)& 42- 20&( =$ (='2%-$3 =* /$2-& (+ 0(-1%',3%-20

&0%4%-1M @+'$) 4,''%-18 '#$ ;$-$$) $$'& 2)$ 3)%$3 %- '#$ ()3$) %- 9#%4# '#$* 9$)$

4,'M "#$)$+()$8 6"*4/ 9.


44/55

A?

APPENDIX

KEY VOCABULARY

Unit 1. "#$ #%&'()* (+ +,)-%',)$ .

204(;$ 602'+()/ =$3 62' 4, 204(;

2)/)$&' =)2ţ S02 +('(0%,8 &42,-W

=2-3 S9%'#W 2 0$12 S4,W

=$3 62'

=$-4# =2-4ă

=,%0'E%- o-Z%3%'

42);$3 &4,06'2'

42&F$' 42&$'ă

4#2%) &42,-

4#$&' 023ă

4#$&'E(-E4#$&' &4)%-

402&6 260%4ă /$'20%4ă

4(2' (+ 2)/& =02Z(-

4()-%4$ 4()-%şă

4(,4# 42-26$2

4(,-'$)&,-F /$'209()F 244$&()%% o-1)(62'$

4)2+'&/2- /$&$)%2ş8 /$ş'$ş,12)

4)$&'%-1 )2%0 0$1ă',)2 ()%Z(-'20ă 2 &6ă'2),0,%

4,6=(2)3 =,+$'

3$&F =%)(,

3(/$3 =(0'%'

3,4F =$2F 4%(4 3$ )2ţă S()-2/$-' 6%4%(2)$ &42,-W

$/=$00% 2 o-+),/,&$ţ2

+%-%20 $Q')$/%'2'$ 3$4()2'%;ă

+%''$3 9%'# 6)$;ăZ,' 4,

+(03%-1 &'((0 '2=,)$' 60%2-'

+(0%21$ +),-Z%ş

+)2/$ )2/ă8 423),


45/55

AA

+)%$Z$ +)%Ză

+,)-%',)$ /(=%0ă

12=0$3 o- 3(,ă 26$

10,$3 o-40$%2'

#%-1$ =202/2

%-02%3 ()-2'8 o-4),&'2'

%-02* 9()F o-4),&'2)$

%)(- &')269()F 2)/ă',) ă 3$ +%$)

%;()* +%03$ş

024R,$)$3 0ă4,%'

024R,$)9()F 0$/- 0ă4,%'

02/6&'2-3 02/6232)8 &+$ş-%4

0$2'#$) &')269()F o/60$'%',) ă 3%- 4,)$0$ 3$ 6%$0$

0%3 42624

0%-$-+(03 60%&$,

0(4F o-4,%$'(2)$

0(4F602'$ 62+'20ă

0((F%-1 102&& (10%-3ă

/2F$ +0, 9%'# 2 23,4$ 02 24$02ş% -%;$0 4,

/$'20 /(,-'& 244$&()%% /$'20%4$

-2%0$3 =ă',' o- 4,%$ 6(%-'$3 2)4#%-1 (1%;ă

)2%0 ')2;$)&ă S3$ /(=%0ăW

)$40%-$ 2 &'2 o-'%-&8 2 &$ (3%#-%

)$0%$+ 42);%-1 &4,06',) ă o- )$0%$+

), ')$&'%$

&2=)$ 0$1& 6%4%(2)$ o-&ă =%2'$

&4)$$- 62)2;2-

&$2' ş$Z,'

&$''$$ =2-4#$'ă

$0+ S60M $0;$&W 6(0%ţă8 )2+'

%$03 &4,'

&0%3%-1 3(() ,şă 4,0%&2-'ă

&0(6%-1 =24F &6ă'2) ,ş() o-40%-2'


46/55

AB

&'%0$ /(-'2-'

&'%'4#$3 4,&,'

&'((0 '2=,)$'

&')26 4#%-1ă

&')%6 +pş%$

'2=0$ /2&ă

'()'(%&$ $00 =212 S42)2624$ 3$ ţ$&'(2&ăW

')24$)* /('%; 3$4()2'%;

;$-$$)%-1 +,)-%),%)$

;$)/%0%(- 6,)6,)%,

Unit 2. "#$ #%&'()* (+ +,)-%',)$ ..

242-'#,& 0$2;$& +),-Z$ 3$ 242-'

23()- 2 ()-2

2-'#$/%(-k 620/$''$ ()-2/$-' 3$ +()/2 ,-$% +),-Z$ 3$ 620/%$)

2)/4#2%) +('(0%,

=$3 42-(6* =20324#%- 3$ 62'

=(-$ (&

=(9E$3 2)4,%'

=)2&& 202/ă

42=)%(0$ 0$1& 6%4%(2)$ 2)4,%'$

426%'20 426%'$0

42)3E'2=0$ /2&ă 3$ d(4

42)*2'%3 42)%2'%3ă

4(//(3$ 4(/(3ă

4(-&(0$ S'2=0$W 4(-&(0ă S/ă&,ţă &6)%d%-%'ă 3$ 6$)$'$W

4()- #,&F& 6ă-,ş% 3$ 6(),/=

4()-$) /(,-'& 260%4$ 3$ 4(0ţ

3)29$) &$)'2)

3)$&&%-1E'2=0$ /2&ă 3$ '(20$'ă

$=(-* 2=2-(&

$31$ 2 '%;%

$&4,'4#$(-k /$3200%(- /$320%(-

+%0%-1 42=%-$' 42)'('$4ă8 +%ş%$)8 3,026 3$ 24'$


47/55

Ab

+0,'$3 42-$02'

+(03%-1 '2=0$ /2&ă 60%2-'ă

+)$'9()F ')2+()2d

+),%'&921& 1#%)02-3$ 3$ +),4'$

12=0$ +)(-'(-

1%03$3 2,)%'

1)%++%- 1)%+(-

%-'2)&%2 %-'2)&%$

0(9 )$0%$+ =2&()$0%$+

/2)=0$ &02= 0$&6$3$ 3$ /2)/,) ă

/2)R,$')* /2)4#$'ă)%$

/('#$)E(+E6$2)0 &%3$+

62)R,$')* ()-2/$-'2ţ%$ 4, 62)4#$'

6$9'$) 20%2d 3$ 4(&%'() ş% 60,/=

6%$')2E3,)2 9()F ()-2/$-'2ţ%$ 4, q6%2') ă 3,) ăr

)2/ #$23 426 3$ =$)=$4

)$$3$3 4, )%Z,)%

)$&')2%-' )$ţ%-$)$

)%==(-9()F ()-2/$-'2ţ%$ 4, 62-10%4%

&4)(00 42)',ş

&4)(009()F ()-2/$-'2ţ%$ 4, 42)',ş$$00 4(4#%0%$

'2=0$ '(6 'ă =0%$ 3$ /2&ă

'26$)$3 4(-%4

')%6(3 ')$6%$3

,6#(0&'$)$3 '26%ţ2'

,)- ,)-ă

9%-1$3 0%(- 0$, o-2)%62'

Unit 3. "$)/%-(0(1* )$02'$3 '( +,)-%',)$

=24F 62-$0 62-(, &62'$

=$3 +)(-' 426ă' 3$ 62'

=$3 &%3$ 02'$)20ă 3$ 62'

=$3E&%3$ '2=0$ -(6'%$) ă


48/55

AT

=((FE42&$ =%=0%('$4ă

=(''(/ 62-$0 6024ă %-+$)%(2) ă

=)24$ 4(0ţ2) S02 &42,-W

V#%-2 4,6=(2)3 ;%')%-ă

4)(9- /(,03%-1 4()(2-ă S02 /(=%0ăW

3(00* (6)%'()

3(,=0$E+24$3 +)2/$ )2/ă 3,=0, 60242'ă

3)29$) &$)'2)

$31$ =2''$- =()3,) ă

$Q'$-32=0$ 62-$0 'ă =0%$ 6$-'), /2&ă $Q'$-&%=%0ă

+)2/$3 62-$0 'ă =0%$ 4, )2/ă

#%-1$3 3(() ,şă 4, =202/20$

%-02%3 3(9$0 4$6 260%42'

%-02%3 '(-1,$ 02/=ă 260%42'ă

%-'$)/$3%2'$ 62-$0 6024ă %-'$)/$3%2) ă

F-(= =,'(- ') ă1ă'()

0$11$3 +)2/$ 423), 4, 6%4%(2)$

0%-$- 4#$&' 023ă 3$ 2ş'$)-,'

0(,-1$ 4#2%) ş$Z0(-1

/(,03$3 62-$0 62-(, 6)(+%02'

/(,03%-1 0$Z$-ă8 ş%64ă 6)(+%02'ă (;$)6(&%-1 '2=0$& /$&$ &,6)26,&$

6$1 4,%$)

60%-'# &(40,

)g42/%$) 3%;2-

)(4F%-1 4#2%) =202-&(2)

)(00 ),0(,

&$62)2'%-1 62-$0 S9200W 6$)$'$ 3$&6ă) ţ%'()

$0+ &,66()'%-1 F-(= =,'(- &,6()' 6(0%ţ$

&%3$ 62-$0 S9200W 6$)$'$ 02'$)20

&%3$=(2)3k 4,6=(2)3 =,+$'

&%-10$E+24$3 +)2/$ )2/ă &%/60, 60242'ă

&0%3$ 10%&%$) ă8 1#%32d

&0%3%-1 3(() ,şă 4,0%&2-'ă


49/55

AH

&(0%3 9((3 62-$0 'ă =0%$ 3%- 0$/- /2&%;

&'%0$ /(-'2-'

&')$'4#$) 0$1ă',) ă 6%4%(2)$

'(%0$' '2=0$ /2&ă 3$ '(20$'ă

'(6 62-$0 6024ă &,6$)%(2) ă

')2-&;$)&20 )2%0 ')2;$)&ă S02 /(=%0ăW

;$-$$)$3 62-$0 'ă =0%$ +,)-%),%'ă

92)3)(=$ 3,026 3$ #2%-$

Unit 4. "$4#-(0(1* (+ +,)-%',)$ /2-,+24',)%-1

4(2'%-1 +%-%&2)$O 24(6$)%)$2 &,6)2+$ţ$0()

4)(&&4,''%-1 )$'$Z2)$O 'ă%$)$ ')2-&;$)&20ă

3(9$0 d(%-' o/=%-2)$ 4, 4$6,)% 4%0%-3)%4$

3)%00%-1 =,)1#%$)$

$31$ 42-'

$31$ =2''$- =()3,) ă

$31$ &')2%1#'$-%-1 o-3)$6'2)$ 2 42-',0,%

$31$3 62-$0 62-(, =()3,)2'

$31%-1 '%;%)$

$-3 4(-&(0%32'%(- 4(-&(0%32)$ 426$'$

+$-4$ =2) )%10ă 3$ 1#%32d

+%=)$=(2)3 6024ă 3%- +%=)$ 3$ 0$/- SlI_W

+%-%%-1 +%-%&2)$

+,&%=0$ '#)$23 +%) +,Z%=%0

10,$ &6)$23%-1 260%42)$ 23$Z%;

10,%-1 o-40$%$)$

1)((;%-1 +)$Z2)$ ,0,4

1,//$3 626$) #p)'%$ 1,/%+%42'ă

#('E602'$- 6)$&& 6)$&ă 4203ă

0$-1'# &%Z%-1 3$=%'2)$ 02 0,-1%/$

/(,03%-1 6)(+%02)$

(;$)&%Z$ &,6)23%/$-&%,-$

62)'%40$=(2)3 6024ă 3%- 2ş4#%% 3$ 0$/- Sl@_W

602-%-1 )%-3$0,%)$


50/55


51/55


52/55

BG

=$-3%-1 d%1 ş2=0(- 3$ 4,)=2)$

=$-3%-1 &')$-1'# )$Z%&'$-ţă 02 o-4(;(%$)$ &'2'%4ă

=0(4F=(2)3 62-$0

42)3=(2)3 42)'(-

42&$3 60*9((3 60242d =0%-32'

3$4()2'%;$ ;$-$$) +,)-%) $&'$'%4

3$-&%+%$3 02/%-2'$3 =(2)3 6024ă 3%- 0$/- &')2'%+%42' 3$-&%+%42'

$-2/$00$3 $/2%02'

$-1)2;$3 1)2;2'

+0%'4# 6)%&/ă S3$ 0$/-W

1)2%- +%=) ă

#20+E)('2)*E4,' ;$-$$) +,)-%) 3$),02' $Q4$-')%4 S+,)-%) &$/%3$),02'W

02/%-2'$3 /(,03$3 $0$/$-' $0$/$-' /,02' 3%- +,)-%)$

02/%-2'$& 6)(3,&$ &')2'%+%42'$

/$02/%-$E+24$3 /$02/%-2'

/$/=)2-$ 6)$&& 6)$&ă 4, /$/=)2-ă

(;$)0266$3 02*$)& &')2',)% &,6)26,&$

62-$00$3 +)2/$ 6024ă 4$0,02) ă

60* &')2' S3$ +,)-%)W

60*9((3 +() )2%092* 921(-& 60242d 6$-'), ;21(2-$ 3$ /2)+ ă

)$%-+()4$3 60*9((3 60242d 2)/2')('2)* 4,''%-1 3$),02)$

)('2)*E4,' ;$-$$) +,)-%) 3$),02' 4$-')%4

&0%4$3 ;$-$$) +,)-%) 'ă%2' 602-

&0%4%-1 'ă%$)$ 602-ă

&'2)E$3 60*9((3 60242d &'$02'

&'),4',)20 ;$-$$) +,)-%) '$#-%4

'$-&%0$ &')$-1'# )$Z%&'$-ţă 02 ')24ţ%,-$

Unit 7. :2-,+24',)%-1 '$4#-(0(1* (+ ;$-$$)& 2-3 60*9((3

=$0' 3)*$) %-&'202ţ%$ 3$ ,&42)$ 4, =2-3ă

=(==%- =(=%-ă S3$ o-+ ăş,)2)$ 2 +,)-%),0,% 3$),02'W

=(%0%-1 +%$)=$)$

40%66%-1 'ă%$)$ 4, +(2)+$42E1#%0('%-ăW


53/55

B>

4(03E6)$&& 2 6)$&2 02 )$4$

4(-;$*() ')2-&6()'()

4,)'2%- 10,$ &6)$23$) /2ş%-ă 3$ 260%42' 23$Z%; 6)%- ',)-2)$

3$=2)F%-1 4(d%)$

3)* $-3 S(+ '#$ ',--$0W 426ă' ,&42' S20 ',-$0,0,% 3$ ,&42)$W

3)*%-1 ',--$0 ',-$0 3$ ,&42)$

$31$ &')2%1#'$-%-1 o-3)$6'2)$ 2 42-',0,%

$31$E'(E$31$ ;$-$$) d(%-'%-1 o/=%-2)$ 426 02 426 2 +,)-%)$0()

$Q'),3$) /2ş%-ă 3$ $Q'),32'O $Q'),3$)

+$$3$) 20%/$-'2'()O /$42-%&/ 3$ 2;2-&

+0%'4# 6)%&/ă S3$ 0$/-W

10,$ &6)$23%-1 260%42)$ 23$Z%;

1)23$ 2 &()'2

1,//$3 626$) #p)'%$ 1,/%+%42'ă

#$/6 '9%-$ &+(2) ă 3$ 4p-$6ă

#()%Z(-'20 &0%4$) /2ş%-ă 3$ 'ă%2' 602- ()%Z(-'20ă

02'#$ &'),-1

0(1 =,ş'$2-

/,0'%E32*0%1#' 6)$&& 6)$&ă /,0'%$'2d2'ă

-(ZZ0$E',=$& )(00$) 3)*$) %-&'202ţ%$ 3$ ,&42)$ 4, )(0$ ş% 3,Z$

602'$ 3)*$) %-&'202ţ%$ 3$ ,&42)$ 4, 60ă4%)$$0 2 o-+ ăş,)2 S6$ =(=%-ăW

)(00$) 3)*$) %-&'202ţ%$ 3$ ,&42)$ 4, )(0$

)(00$) &6)$23$) /2ş%-ă 3$ 260%42' 23$Z%; 4, ;20ţ,)%

)(' 6,')$12%

)('2)* 4,''%-1 /24#%-$ 3$),0()

&2-3 2 ş0$+,%

&269((3 20=,)-

&29%-1 +$) ă&'),%)$

&%Z$ 2 +()/2'%Z2

&0%' -(ZZ0$ 3,Ză

&6%-30$ 4()$ )(0ă S3$ 02 3$),02)$W

&'2/6%-1 /2')%ţ2)$O ş'2-ţ2)$

&'$2/%-1 2=,)%)$


54/55

B?

,-3$)&%Z$3 &,=3%/$-&%(-2'

,-)$$0 2 3$&+ ăş,)2 S3$ 6$ =(=%-ăW

;$-$$) 40%66$) +(2)+$4ăE1#%0('%-ă 6$-'), +,)-%)$

;$-$$) &')%6 +pş%$ 3$ +,)-%)

;$)'%420 &0%4$) /2ş%-ă 3$ 'ă%2' 602- ;$)'%420ă


55/55

BIBLIOGRAPHY

V#$+-$,Q8 XM $' 20M S>CCCW A+,"#$: -&. B/1:+#1*" *+9 C5$#+/$$ D5.6&$/$ #+ E&&9 F+95$4.;.&%N+M U,4,)$ş'%N D3%',)2 "$#-%4ăM

wood manufacturing.pdf

Documents