women's rights in islamwoman's rights in islam edited by maulawi muhammad yasinn bin...

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In the Name of Allah,the Most Gracious,the Most Merciful.

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www.irf.net

bmomjyefqdkol


B.A(Geo;), B. Ed, M.Ed, Ph.D (Edn)(Tsukuba University, Janpan),

Diploma in Daiyah (Al-Azahar), Yangon.


Woman's Rightsin

Islam

Edited byMaulawi Muhammad Yasinn Bin Badi-ul-Huseinn

AuthorDr. Zakir Naik

President, Islamic Research FoundationMumbai, India

www.irf.net

Translated byDr. Hla Hla Win

B.A(Geo;), B.Ed, MEd, Ph.D (Edn)(Tsukuba University, Japan),

Diploma in Daiyah (Al-Azahar, Yangon)


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a'gufwmvSvS0if;

B.A(Geo) ,B.Ed, M.Ed, Ph.D(Edn), (Tsukuba University, Japan),

Diploma in Diyah(Al-Azahar),Yangon.


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Woman's Rights in IslamMODERNISING OR OUTDATED?

PART I


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(34) ukd ñTef;qkdvkdygonf/

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jzpfMuonf/}} (4 ;34)

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jzpfonf/


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tcGif hta&;udk EI dif;,SOfvufcHygu tpövmrfrS ay;aom trsdK;orD;

tcGifhta&;onf acwfaemufusaeonf [laomtcsuftwGuf jiif;y,fp&m

r&Sdyg/

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jzpfonf/

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(tcGifhta&;)rsm;ESifh tqifhtwef;rsm;udk ay;tyfcJhonf/


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aeygonf/

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ESifh ausmfMum;rI &SmazG&efrSm ta&;rBuD;yg/}

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acs/ ¤if;onf tusdK;wlyl;aygif;rI oabmudkaqmifNyD;? qefUusifaomoabmudk

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rjyKyg/

tpövmrfhtrsdK;orD;tcGifhta&;(0g) &ydkifcGifh ESifh ywfoufí us,fjyefYaom

u@BuD;(6)ckcGJí wifjyoGm;ygrnf/

¤if;u@BuD;rsm;rSm -

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(2) pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m tcGifhta&;?

(3) vlrIa&;qdkif&m tcGifhta&;?

(4) ynma&;qkdif&m tcGifhta&;?

(5) w&m;Oya'qkdif&m tcGifhta&;ESifh

(6) EdkifiHa&;qdkif&m tcGifhta&;rsm;[lí cGJjcm;xm;Edkifonf/


trsdK;orD;rsm;\ 0dnmOfykdif;qkdif&m tcGifhta&;

yxrOD;qHk;taeESifh trsdK;orD;rsm;\ 0dnmOfydkif;qdkif&m (emrfydkif;qdkif&m)

tcGifhta&;taMumif;udk tao;pdwfwifjyoGm;ygrnf/

taemufwkdif;om;rsm;taeESifh tpövmrfbmomudk em;vnfrItvGJqHk;

udpö&yfrSm tpövmrf\ trwokcbHk(*sEéof)qdkonfrSm a,musfm;rsm;twGufom

jzpfonf/ trsdK;orD;rsm;twGuf r[kwf[k ,lqaejcif;jzpfonf/

þrSm;,Gif;aom ,lqcsufudk trsKd;orD;u@? usrf;ydk'f(124)tm;jzifh

y,fzsufEdkifonf/

]]odkY&mwGif rnfolrqdk a,musfm;jzpfap? rdef;rjzpfap? aumif;jrwfaom

usifh0wfwdkYudkusifhrltHh? 4if;jyif xdkol onf ]rktfrifef} ouf0if,HkMunfolvnf;

jzpfthH? odk YjzpfvQif xdkuJYodk Yaomolwdk Yonf ]*sEéwf} trw okcbHkodk Y 0if

a&muf(pHjref;)Mu&rnfhtjyif xdkolwdk Yonf ESdyfpufn§if;yrf;jcif;udkvnf;

pdk;pOf;rQcHMu&rnfr[kwfay/}} ( 4;1 24)

xkdYjyif ysm;ydwkef;aumifu@? usrf;ydk'f (97)wGif

]]rnfolrqkd a,musfm;jzpfap? rdef;rjzpfap (rktfrifeftjzpfESif h) aumif;

jrwfaomtusifhoDvukd usifhrlaqmufwnfcJhaomf? 4if;jyif xkdolonf rktfrifef

ouf0if,HkMunfol(vnf;) jzpfcJhaomf rvGJ{uef igt&Sifjrwfonf xkdoltm;

oefY&Sif; pifMu,faomtouf&Sifjcif;rsKd;jzifh touf&Sifapawmfrlayrnf/

xkdrSwyg; rkcspifppf igt&Sifjrwfonf xkdolwkdYtm; ¤if;wdkY\ tusKd;ukd 4if;wdk Y usifhrl

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ay;qyfawmfrl ayrnf/}} (16 ; 97 )

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qdkEkdifygovm;/ (odkY) acwfaemufusoGm;onf[kqdkEdkifygovm;/

rdef;rwGif 0dnmOfr&Sd[laom . . .

taemufwkdif; rD'D,mrsm;\ tjcm;aom rSm;,Gif;pGmem;vnfxm;onfh


todynmwpfckrSm rdef;rwGif 0dnmOfr&Sd[laom t,ltqjzpfonf/ þ

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rdef;rwGif 0dnmOfr&Sd[laom} ,lqcsufjzpfonf/

usm;?r ESpfrsdK;pvHk;wGif wlnDaom 0dnmOfobm0&Sd

tpövmrfwGif a,musfm;ESifhrdef;r ESpfrsdK;pvHk;wGif wlnDaom0dnmOf

obm0&SdaomaMumifh usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef? trsKd;orD;u@? usrf;ydk'f (1)wGif

atmufygtwdkif; wifjyxm;onf/

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awmfrlaom t½Sifjrwfukd aMumuf&GHU(½kdao) Mu ukefavmh/ xkdt½Sifjrwfonf

toifwkdYtm; toufwpfacsmif;wnf;rS zefqif;awmfrlcJhavonf/ 4if;jyif

xkdt½Sifjrwfonf xkdtoufwpfacsmif; wnf;rSyif 4if;\ Muif&mMuifbufukd

vnf; zefqif;awmfrlcJhav\/}} (4 ; 1 )

tvm;wl ysm;ydwkef;aumifu@? usrf;ydk'f (72) wGifvnf; ...

]]xdkrSwyg; tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwdkYtzdkY toifwdkY (trsdK;tpm;xJ)

rSyif ZeD;Muif&mrsm;udk jyKvkyfawmfrlcJhavonf/}} (16;72)

xdkYjyif aqG;aEG;wdkifyifjcif;u@? usrf;ydk'f (11)wGifvnf;-

]](xdkt&Sifjrwfonfyif) rdk;aumif;uifrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? urÇmajrudk

vnf;aumif;? zefqif; awmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmfrl\/xdkt&Sifjrwfonfyif

toifwd k Ytzk d Y toifwd k Y\trsK d;tpm;xJrS yifMuif&mMuifzufrsm;ud k

zefqif;awmfrlcJh\/}} (42 ; 11)

a,mufsm;ESifhrdef;r\ emrf0dnmOf obm0wlnDaejcif;udk toifhtaeESifh

tpövmrf\ xkdtcGifhta&;rsm;udk acwfrDjcif;[kac:rnfavm (okdY) acwfaemuf

usaeNyD[k ajymrnfavm/

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif &Sif;vif;pGm wifjyxm;onfhtcsufrSm- tv’m[f

t&Sifjrwf(�)onf ol\ (zefqif;xm;aom ½l[f) 0dnmOfudk vlom;\cEmudk,f


twGif;rIwfoGif;onf[k azmfjyxm;onf/

[*sfjyKjcif;u@? usrf;ydk'f (29)wGif-

]]wpfzef igt&Sifjrwfonf (vlom;\) xdkajr½kyfudk pepfwus NyD;pD;atmif

jyKvkyf(zefqif;)awmfrlí ,if;(ajr½kyfwGif;)ü rdrd txHawmfrS toufZD0defudk

rIwfoGif;awmfrlvdkufaomtcg toif wdkYonf xdkvlom;\ a&SUarSmufwGif ysyf0yf

OD;csMuavukef/}} ( 15 ; 29 )

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]]xdkYaemuf xdkt&Sifjrwfonf ¤if;tm; aexm;usepGm jyKvkyf awmfrlí 4if;(\

cEmudk,f twGif;)ü rdrdtxHawmfrS toufZD0defudk rIwf oGif;awmfrlcJh\/ }}

( 32 ; 9)

þae&mwGiftv’m[ft&Sifjrwf(�)onf rdrd\ xHawmfrS toufZD0efudk

rIwfoGif;awmfrlcJhonf[k rdefYawmfrljcif;rSm jrm;ajrmifaom bk&m;udk todtrSwf

jyKudk;uG,faom 0g'rsm;rS ,HkMunfaom ]vl0ifpm;jcif;}]vl0ifpm;jcif;}]vl0ifpm;jcif;}]vl0ifpm;jcif;}]vl0ifpm;jcif;} wpfrsdK; r[kwfyg/

þusrf;ydk'frS qdkvkdcsufrSm- teEÅbkef;awmf&Sif tv’m[ft&Sif(�)\

t<uif;rJh ÓPfawmftm;jzifh t&Sifjrwf\ zefqif;xm;aom 0dnmOfobm0udk

vlom;tm; ¤if;ESifheD;pyfvmatmif jyKvkyfay;vdkufonf[k qdkvdkonf/

þae&mwGiftm'rf(�)ESifh a[mif0g(�)ESpfOD;pvHk;udk qdkvdkonf/ ¤if;wkdY

ESpfOD;pvHk;tm; tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf(�)\ ½l[f(0dnmOf)udk xnfhoGif;ay;cJhjcif;

jzpfonf/

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¤if;\ udk,fpm;vS,f? ,HkyHktyfESif;jcif;cH&oljzpfaMumif; nOfhc&D;u@? usrf;ydk'f

(70)wGif..

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jrifhjrwfapawmfrlcJh avonf/}} (17;70)

0rf;enf;ygw,f/ þae&mwGif tm'rf(�)\ uav; (rsdK;quf)[k

qdk&mwGif trsKd;om;ESifh trsKd;orD; ESpfOD;pvkH;udkqdkvdkonf/


tcsdKUaom bmoma&;qdkif&m usrf;*efrsm;? Oyrm-or®musrf;wGif

tm'rf(�)\ZeD; a[mif0g(�)tm; vlom;rsdK;EG,frsm;\ usqHk;jcif;ESifh

ywfoufí jypfwif½IHUcsxm;onfudk awGUEdkifonf/

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif MuiSef;rsm;u@? usrf;ydk'f (19 rS 27)ü

tm'rf(�)ESifha[mif0g (�) \tjzpftysufudk tBudrf(12)Budrfxufrenf;

rdefYMum;xm;onfudk awGUEdkifonf/

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tv’m[ft&Sif(�)\ trdefYawmfudk em;raxmif? rvdkufemchJjcif;jzpfNyD;? aemifw

&NyD; ESpfOD;pvHk;u r*fazG&wf vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifh awmif;cHcJhMuNyD;? ESpfOD;pvHk;

cGifhvTwfjcif;cHcJh&jcif; jzpfaMumif; twddtvif; azmfjyxm;onf/

y#doaEaqmifjcif; om;zGm;jcif;aMumifh trsKd;orD;*kPf&nfrao;odrf

or®musrf;wGif Genesis ac: urÇmOD;usrf;\ tcef;(3)wGifrl a[mif0g

(�) wpfOD;wnf;uom vlom;\ usqHk;jcif;tay: wm0ef&Sdoa,mif a&;om;

xm;jcif; jzpfonf/

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aMumifh vlom;xkwpf&yfvHk;onf tjypfom; (jypfrIom;aumif)rsm;tjzpf

arG;zGm;jcif;cHcJhMu &onf[k ,HkMunfaeMuonf/ or®musrf;\ urÇmOD;usrf; (3

; 16)wGif ...

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ay;jcif;cH&aom tjypf'Pf[k qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf/

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rdef;rrsm;\ *kPfodu©m? t&nftaoG;udk tqifhtwef;jrifhay;xm;onfudk

awGU&\/

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wefbdk;xm;Mu}} [krdefYqdkxm;onf/

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ywfoufí (þodk Y)av;eufpGm trdef Yay;awmfrlcJ h\/ 4if;\rdcifrSm

tm;tifcsnfheJYrItay:ü tm;tifcsnfheJYrIudk cHpm;vsuf 4if;tm; (rdrd0rf;wGif;)

vG,fyd kufcJ hav\/ xdkrSwyg; ESpfESpfajrmufaomtcgomvQif 4if;tm;

EdkYjzwfav\/}} (31 ;14)

tvm;wl azmfjycsufrsdK;udk oJawmifydkYrsm;u@? usrf;ydk'f(15)wGif

vnf;azmfjyxm;onf/

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ESpfyg;ESifhywfoufí aumif; pGmjyKpk&ef av;eufpGmtrdefYay;awmfrlcJh\/}}

(46 ; 15)

rdbrsm;tm; MuifempGmqufqH&eftwGuf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf(�)rS

rdefYawmfrlxm;onfrSm ]]rdcifrsm;onf olrwdk Y\ om;orD;rsm;udk arG;zGm;]]rdcifrsm;onf olrwdk Y\ om;orD;rsm;udk arG;zGm;]]rdcifrsm;onf olrwdk Y\ om;orD;rsm;udk arG;zGm;]]rdcifrsm;onf olrwdk Y\ om;orD;rsm;udk arG;zGm;]]rdcifrsm;onf olrwdk Y\ om;orD;rsm;udk arG;zGm;

ay;cJ hpOf emusifcHpm;cJ h&aom emusifrIa0'emaMumif h ¤if;wk d Ytm;ay;cJ hpOf emusifcHpm;cJ h&aom emusifrIa0'emaMumif h ¤if;wk d Ytm;ay;cJ hpOf emusifcHpm;cJ h&aom emusifrIa0'emaMumif h ¤if;wk d Ytm;ay;cJ hpOf emusifcHpm;cJ h&aom emusifrIa0'emaMumif h ¤if;wk d Ytm;ay;cJ hpOf emusifcHpm;cJ h&aom emusifrIa0'emaMumif h ¤if;wk d Ytm;

MuifempGm qufqHMu}}MuifempGm qufqHMu}}MuifempGm qufqHMu}}MuifempGm qufqHMu}}MuifempGm qufqHMu}} [krdefYawmfrlxm;onfudk Munfhjcif;jzifh usrf;jrwf

uk&ftmefrS rdef;rrsm;\ oaE¨aqmifjcif;ESifh rD;zGm;jcif;udk taMumif;jyKvQuf

rdef;rom;rsm;\ *kPfodu©mESifh tqifhtwef;udk rESdrfhcsbJ jr§ifhwifxm;ayonf/

tpövmrfrS rdef;rrsm;\ oaE¨aqmifjcif;ESifhywfoufí *kPfodu©m

jr§ifhwifxm;jcif;udk toifhtaeESifh þtcGifhta&;onfacwfrDonf[k ,lqrnf


avm? acwfaemufusaeNyD pGyfpGJrnfavm/

ouú0g[fw&m;onfomvQif . . .

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf(�)xHawmfyg;wGifum; ]ouú0g[f} (tv’m[f

t&Sifjrwf(� )tm; cspfaMumuf½dkao cefYjim;vQuf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf

rdefYawmfrlxm;onfh trdefYawmfrsm;udk vdkufemusifhrlí wm;jrpfxm;aom

vkyf&yfrsm;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;) onfomvQif ta&;BuD;qHk;aom pHEIef;jzpfonf/

twGif;aqmifrsm;u@? usrf;ydk'f (13)wGif ..

]]tdk-vlcyfodrf;wdkY/ {uefrvJG igt&Sifjrwfonf toifwkdYtm; a,musfm;

wpfa,muf? rdef;r wpfa,mufrS (pwif)zefqif;awmfrlcJ h\/ xd k Y jyif

igt&Sifjrwfonf toifwdkYtcsif;csif; wpfOD;udkwpfOD; cJGjcm;odjrifrSwfrdMutHh

aomiSm vlrsdK;pk toD;oD;? rsdK;EG,ftoG,foG,f jyKvkyfawmfrlcJh\/ {uefpifppf

toifwdkYteuf (tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf tm;) taMumuf&GHUqkH;? tjypfrsm;rS trsm;qkH;

MuOfa&Smifaom olonfomvQif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf txHawmfü tjrifhjrwf

qkH;aomoljzpf\/}} (49 ; 13)

tpövmrfomoem\ pHEIef;wGif vdiftrsdK;tpm;? tom;ta&mif?tpövmrfomoem\ pHEIef;wGif vdiftrsdK;tpm;? tom;ta&mif?tpövmrfomoem\ pHEIef;wGif vdiftrsdK;tpm;? tom;ta&mif?tpövmrfomoem\ pHEIef;wGif vdiftrsdK;tpm;? tom;ta&mif?tpövmrfomoem\ pHEIef;wGif vdiftrsdK;tpm;? tom;ta&mif?

ZmwftedrfhtjrifhESifh <u,f0csrf;omr?I tqifhtwef;rsm;onf ta&;BuD;ZmwftedrfhtjrifhESifh <u,f0csrf;omr?I tqifhtwef;rsm;onf ta&;BuD;ZmwftedrfhtjrifhESifh <u,f0csrf;omr?I tqifhtwef;rsm;onf ta&;BuD;ZmwftedrfhtjrifhESifh <u,f0csrf;omr?I tqifhtwef;rsm;onf ta&;BuD;ZmwftedrfhtjrifhESifh <u,f0csrf;omr?I tqifhtwef;rsm;onf ta&;BuD;

aom pHñTef;rsm; r[kwfyg/ tv’m[ft&Sifjrwaom pHñTef;rsm; r[kwfyg/ tv’m[ft&Sifjrwaom pHñTef;rsm; r[kwfyg/ tv’m[ft&Sifjrwaom pHñTef;rsm; r[kwfyg/ tv’m[ft&Sifjrwaom pHñTef;rsm; r[kwfyg/ tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf(f(f(f(f(�) ) ) ) ) a&SUawmfarSmufwGifa&SUawmfarSmufwGifa&SUawmfarSmufwGifa&SUawmfarSmufwGifa&SUawmfarSmufwGif

]ouú0g[f}onfomvQif vlom;wpfOD;tm; aumif;usdK; qdk;jypfay;jcif;wGif]ouú0g[f}onfomvQif vlom;wpfOD;tm; aumif;usdK; qdk;jypfay;jcif;wGif]ouú0g[f}onfomvQif vlom;wpfOD;tm; aumif;usdK; qdk;jypfay;jcif;wGif]ouú0g[f}onfomvQif vlom;wpfOD;tm; aumif;usdK; qdk;jypfay;jcif;wGif]ouú0g[f}onfomvQif vlom;wpfOD;tm; aumif;usdK; qdk;jypfay;jcif;wGif

t"dupHEIef; jzpfonf/t"dupHEIef; jzpfonf/t"dupHEIef; jzpfonf/t"dupHEIef; jzpfonf/t"dupHEIef; jzpfonf/ xkdvlom;\ vdiftrsdK;tpm;onfaomfvnf;aumif;?

tjcm;pHEIef;rsm;onfvnf;aumif;? ta&;rBuD;yg/tifr&m;rfrsdK;EG,fu@? usrf;ydk'f

(195)wGif ...

]]taMumif;aomfum; igtoQifjrwfonf toifwk d YteufrS rnfonfh

aumif;rIjyKaomol\ aumif;rIukdrQ tv[ó tcsnf;ESD; jzpfap awmfrlonf

r[kwfaomaMumifhwnf;/ xkdaumif;rIjyKolonf a,mufsm;jzpfap? rdef;rjzpfap?

toifwkdY tnrn tcsif;csif; wpfOD;onfwpfOD;\ tpdwftykdif;(jzpfay&m

trdefYawmfvnf; wpfrsKd;wpfpm;wnf;yif) jzpfacsonf/}} (3 ; 195)


wzef r[mrdwfrsm;u@? usrf;ydk'f (35)wGif

]]rkcs{uef ]rkpfvifrf} a,musfm;rsm;onf vnf;aumif;? ]rkpfvifrf} rdef;rrsm;

onfvnf;aumif;? ]rktfrifef} a,musfm;rsm;onfvnf;aumif;? ]rktfrifef}

rdef;rrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? trdefYawmfudk vdkufemnMuonfh a,musfm;rsm;onf

vnf;aumif;? trdef Yawmfudk vdkufemonfh rdef;rrsm;onfvnf;aumif;?

opöm0g'Da,musfm; rsm;onfvnf;aumif;? opöm0g'D rdef;rrsm;onf

vnf;aumif;? onf;cHMuukefaom a,musfm;rsm;onfvnf;aumif;?

onf;cHMuukef aom rdef;rrsm;onfvnf;aumif;?ed0gww&m;xm;&SdMuaom

a,musfm;rsm;onfvnf;aumif;? ed0gww&m;xm;&SdMuaom rdef;rrsm; onf

vnf;aumif;? tvSL'gejyKMuukefaom a,musfm;rsm;onf vnf;aumif;?

tvSL'gejyKMuukefaom rdef;rrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? qGd,mrf OykofoDv

aqmufwnfMuukefaom a,mufsm;rsm;onf vnf;aumif;? qGd,mrf OykofoDv

aqmufwnfMuukefaom rdef;rrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? rdrdwdkY\ t&Suf t*Fgrsm;udk

apmifhxdef;Muukefaom a,musfm;rsm;onfvnf;aumif;? rdrdwdkY\t&Suf

t*Fgrsm;udk apmifhxdef;Muukefaomrdef;rrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? tv’m[f

t&Sifjrwftm; rsm;pGm atmufarYwo? owd&Muukefaom a,musfm;rsm;onf

vnf; aumif;? atmufarYwo owd&Muukefaom rdef;rrsm;onf vnf; aumif;?

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf xdkolwdkY(tm;vHk;wdkY)tzkdY (tjypfrS) vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifhESifh

BuD;us,fvSpGmaomtusKd;udk tqifoifh jyKvkyfpDrHí xm;&SdNyD; jzpfawmfrlay

ownf;/}} ( 33 ; 35 )

txufyg tm,ofawmf\ ñTef;qdkcsuft& tpövmrfomoemwGif usm;?r

ESpfOD;pvHk;twGuf tDrmef (,HkMunfrIo'´gw&m;)xm;&Sd&ef vdktyfouJhokdY

qGvm;of wnfaqmufjcif;? qGD,mrf Oykofwnfaqmufjcif;? Zum;of

(qif;&Jom;'geaMu;)ay;jcif; ponfwm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmif&ef twlwlyif

jzpfonf/

odkYaomf tpövmrfwGif trsdK;orD;rsm;twGuf tcsdKUaom vdkufavsmrI

rsm;vnf; &Sdonf/ Oyrm- trsdK;orD;wpfOD;onf udk,f0efaqmifaeaom tcsdef

umv (odkY) rD;,yfaoG;ay:aeaom umvwGif ?olronf qGD,mrfOykof

apmifhxdef;&ef rvdkyg/ aemifolr ydkí usef;rmvmaomtcsdefwGif tpm;xkd;í


OykofoDv apmifhxdef;Edkifayonf/xkdYjyif rD;,yfaoG;ay:aepOfumvESihf uav;

rD;zGm;NyD;p umvrsm;wGif olrtaeESifh qGvm;wfwnfaqmuf&efvnf; rvdk

tyfyg/ olrtm; olr\ usef;rma&; tajctaet& tavQmhay;xm;NyD;?

aemifwGifvnf; tpm;jznfhay;&ef rvdkay/

udk,fusifhodu©mydkif;qdkif&m wm0efrsm;rSm a,musfm;ESifh rdef;ronf

twlwlyifjzpf&m þuJhodkYaom tpövmrf\ tcGifhta&;onf acwfrDygoavm/

acwfaemufusaeygNyDavm/

trsdK;orD;rsm;\ pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m tcGifhta&;

,ckwpfzef uREfkyfwkdYonf tpövmrfrSay;xm;aom pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m

tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk qef;ppfMunfhMuygpdkY/

tpövmrfwGif pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif;

rsm;pGmuwnf;u ay;cJhygonf/ txl;ojzifh taemufwkdif;xuftvQif ESpfaygif;

(1300) ausmfuwnf;u tcGifhta&;ay;xm;NyD; jzpfonf/

t&G,fa&muf rGwfpvifrftrsdK;orD;wpfOD;taeESifh olronf tysdKjzpfap?

tdrfaxmifusNyD;jzpfap? olronf olrydkif Opömypönf;rsm;udk rnfolwpfOD;

wpfa,mufESifhrQrwdkifyifbJ rdrdBudKufovkd pDpOfEkdifonf? (odkYr[kwf) pGefYvTwf

Edkifonf/

taemufwkdif;wGif vufxyfxm;onfh trsdK;orD;tm; olrydkifqdkif

oifhonfhh Opömypönf;rsm;udk ydkifqdkifcGifhay;&rnfavm/ Opömypönf;rsm;udk rnfolESifhrQ

rwdkifyifbJ pGefYvTwfcGifhjyK&rnfavm[laomtcsufudk (1870)ckESpfwGif yxrOD;qHk;

taeESifh t*FvefEdkifiHwGif todtrSwfpjyKcJhonf/

trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif;(1300) uwnf;u tcGifhta&;

ay;xm;onfhtcsufudk uREfkyfvHk;0 oabmwlygonf/ þonfrSm a&S;a[mif;

tcGifhta&;rsm;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfrS ar;vdkonfhtcsufrSm þtcGifhta&;rSm

acwfrDygao;vm;/ acwfaemufusaeygNyDvm;/

tpövmrfwGif trsdK;orD;wpfOD;onf tvkyfvkyfvdkaom qE´&Sdygu

vkyfEdkifygonf/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif vnf;aumif;? cdkifvHkaom rnfonfh


Mo0g'awmfwGif vnf;aumif;? trsdK;orD;tm; tvkyfvkyfjcif;rS wm;jrpfjcif;?

[efYwm;jcif; r&Sdyg/ xkdokdY r[efYwm;rIonf ¤if;\ vkyf&yfonf w&m;r0if

pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; rvkyfoa&GU ¤if;onf tpövmrfhw&m;Oya'udk razmufzsuf

oa&GU xkdokYd tvkyf vkyfjcif;udk [efYwm;rnf r[kwfyg/

odkYaomf olrwkdYtaeESifh olrwdkY\ tvStyESifh udk,fcE¨mudk jyoNyD;?

pD;yGm;&Sm&aom tvkyfrsdK;? Oyrm- ½kyf&Sifo½kyfaqmifrsm;tjzpf? armf',fvkyfief;

vkyfjcif;rsdK;udk cGifhrjyKonfrSm obm0usonf/ trsdK;orD;rsm; rvkyf&[k

wm;jrpfxm;aom oufarG;0rf;aMumif;vkyfief;ESifh tvkyftudkifrsm;onf

trsdK;om;rsm;twGuf vkyf&ef roifhavsmfay/ Oyrm-t&ufESifh tazsmf,rum

vkyfief;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;/

Oyrm- avmif;upm;0dkif;rsm;wGif avmif;upm;rItrsdK;rsdK;? usifh0wf

oDvESifh rudkufnDaom? r½dk;om;aomvkyfief;rsm;tm;vHk;onf a,musfm;ESifh

rdef;r ESpfrsdK;pvHk;twGuf wm;jrpfxm;onf/ ppfrSefaom tpövmrfhvlYtzGJUtpnf;

onf rdef;r(trsdK;orD;)rsm;tm; q&m0efuJhokdYaom oufarG;0rf;aMumif;rI

vkyfief;rsdK;vkyf&ef awmif;qkdayonf/ tvm;wl om;zGm;rD;,yf txl;ukrsm;?

trsdK;orD;olemjyK? trsdK;orD; q&mrrsm; ponfjzifh vkyfief;rsm;vdktyfonf/

tpövmrfwGif rdom;pktwGuf aiGa&;aMu;a&; wm0efonf trsdK;orD;ü

r&Sd? trsdK;om;rsm;\ ycHk;ay:wGifom wm0ef&Sdonf/ olrwdkYtaeESifh olr\

pm;0wfaea&;twGuf tvkyfvkyf&ef rvdk/

vufawGY taetxm;t& tcsdKUaom tajctaersm;wGif ESpfOD;pvHk;rS

rdom;pk vdktyfcsufudk rjynfhrDEdkifaomtcg trsdK;orD;tvkyfvkyf&ef wm0ef&Sd

vmayonf/

þae&mwGifvnf; olrtm; tvkyfvkyf&ef rnfolurQ wGef;tm;ray;&/

olr\ vGwfvyfaom qE´t&om vkyfap&rnf/

txufwGif azmfjyxm;aom oufarG;0rf;aMumif;tvkyfrsm;tjyif

trsdK;orD;rsm;taeESifh tdrfwGifaexkdifNyD; vkyfudkifEdkifaom tvkyfrsm; ?tyfcsKyf

twwfynm? pufcsKyfjcif;? t0wfESifh tvSty 'DZdkifemvkyfjcif;? tdk;zkwfjcif;?

tdrfoHk;ypönf;rsm;? (jcif;?yvHk;) ponfwdkY ,ufvkyfjcif;wdkY jyKvkyfEdkifonf/ xkdYtjyif


olrwdkYtaeESifh puf½Hkrsm;ESifh tdrfwGif;pufrI vkyfief;rsm;uJhodkY trsdK;orD;rsm;

vkyfEdkif&ef oifhavsmfaom tao;pm;tvkyfrsm; vkyfEdkifonf/

tpövmrfrS a,musfm;ESifhrdef;r twlwuG a&maESmaexkdifjcif;udk

cGifhrjyKaomaMumifh a,musfm;ESifh rdef;roD;oefYcGJí vkyfEdkifaomtvkyfrsdK;udk vkyfEdkif

onf/ vkyfydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ olrwdkYtaeESifh olr\trsdK; r[kwfaom?wpfenf;qdkaomf

vufxyfydkifcGifh&Sdaom a,mufsm;rsm;ESifhtwl a&maESmvkyfydkifcGifh r&Sd/ odkYaomf

olr\zcif? tpfudk? olr\ cifyGef;wdkYESifh a&maESm vkyfEdkifcGifh&Sdonf/ þudpötwGuf

taumif;qkH;OyrmrSm uREfkyfwdkY\ r[mwrefawmfjrwf(�)\ ZeD;cwD*sm

ocifrBuD; (g) yifjzpfonf/

ocifrBuD;onf olracwf olrtcgwGif tatmifjrifqHk;aom vkyfief;&Sif

trsdK;orD;rsm;wGif wpfOD;tygt0if jzpfonf/ olronf olr\Muif,mawmf

(cifyGef;) jrwfwrefawmf(�)rS wpfqifhta&mif;t0,f vkyfief;udk uRrf;usifpGm

vkyfaqmifcJhonf/

trsdK;om;ESifh,SOfvQif trsdK;orD;rsm;wGif aiGa&;?aMu;a&; vkHNcHKrIydk&Sdonf/

uREfkyfa&SUydkif;wGif aqG;aEG;oGm;cJhonfhtwkdif;? rdom;pkwpfcktwGif;ü aiGa&;

aMu;a&; wm0efonf trsdK;orD;\ykcHk;ay:wGif r&SdbJ trsdK;om;\ycHk;ay:

wGifom vHk;0&Sdayonf/

rdef;rwpfOD;onf olrvufrxyfrD tysdKpifb0wGif olr\ pm;0wf

aea&;twGuf zcifjzpfolESifh tpfudk?armifrsm;wGif wm0ef&Sdovkd olrvufxyf

NyD;aomtcgwGif olr\cifyGef;ESifh om;wdkYu olr\aiGa&;aMu;a&; wm0eft00udk

,l&efvkdayonf/olr tdrfaxmif&ufom;usaomtcg vufcH&&Sdaom0ifaiG

tay:üom rDScdk&ayonf/ olrtaeESifh vufaqmiftjzpf vufcH&&SdEdkifonf/

Oyrm-olrtaeESifh vufxyfaomtcg ]r[m&f} ac: ]r*Fvmcef;0ifvufaqmif}

tm; vufcHcGifh&Sdonf/

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef? trsKd;orD;rsm;u@? usrf;ydk'f (4)wGif-

]]xkdYjyifw0 toifwkdYonf (rdrdwkdY\) ZeD; rdef;rwkdYtm; 4if;wkdY\]r[&f} ukd

MunfjzLpGm ay;Muukefavmh/}} ( 4 ; 4)


tpövmrfhw&m;awmfESifhtnD jyKvkyfonfh vufxyfxdrf;jrm;aom r*FvmyGJ

twGuf ]r[&f} ay;jcif;onf 0g*spfAf rjyKrae&wm0efwpf&yf jzpfayonf/

rGwfpvifrfvlYtzGJUtpnf;wGif usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif azmfjyxm;aom

r[m&f (r*Fvmcef;0ifaMu;)twGuf tcsdKUolrsm;u 151 ½lyD ? 786 ½lyDomay;NyD;?

r*Fvm {nfhcHyGJtwGuf odef;aygif;rsm;pGmaom ½lyDrsm;oHk;pGJMuonfudkawGU&\/

Oyrm-{nfhcHyGJtwGuf tcif;tusif; ? yef;yGifhrsm;tvSqifjcif;? aeYvnfpm ESifh

npmpm;yJGrsm;twGuf ½lyDodef;aygif;rsm;pGm tukeftuscHxm;ayonf/

tpövmrfwGif r[m&ftwGuf tenf;qHk;(odkdY) tjrifhqHk;?trsm;qHk; rnfrQ

jzpf&rnf[k uefYowfxm;jcif; r&Sday/ vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;taeESifh r*Fvm{nfhcHyGJ

twGuf ajrmufrsm;pGmaom ½lyDrsm;oHk;pGJvQif r[m&faMu;onfvnf; {nfhcHyGJ

wGifoHHk;ouJhodkY ydkírsm;rsm; jzpfoifhonf/

tpövmrfh,Ofaus;rItwGif;odkY rodrom 0yfwGm; 0ifa&mufvmaom

,Ofaus;rIrsm; &Sdayonf/ txl;ojzifh tdE´d,wkdufi,fESifh teD;wpf0dkuf

{&d,mrsm;wGifjzpfonf/

tdEd,wkdufi,fwGif owdkYom;rS owdkYorD;twGuf ]a'gif&D} tenf;i,f

om ay;aomfvnf;? owdkYorD;rS a&cJaowåmwpfvHk;? w,fvDADG;&Sif; wpfvkH;?

tdrfcef;wpfcef; ? um;wpfpD;ponfjzifh tvdk&SdwwfMuonf/ owkdYom;\

aiGaMu;ajyvnfrI tqifhay:rlwnfí ]a'gif&D} rsm;pGm wifoifhygonf/

tu,fí owdkYom;jzpfolonf bGJU&wpfOD; jzpfyg u owdkYorD;zufrS

wpfodef;cefY arQmfvifhEdkifovdk ? tif*sifeD,mwpfOD;jzpfygu oHk;odef;cefY

arQmfvifhEdkifonf/ a'gufwmwpfOD; jzpfygu ig;odef;cefY arQmfvifhEdkifcGifh &Sdonf/

a'gif&D} awmif;qkdjcif;ESifhywfoufí a,musfm;wpfOD;onf rdef;r

wpfOD;xHrS (owdkYom;onf owdkYorD;xHrS) oG,f0kdufaomfvnf;aumif;? wkduf½kduf

aomfvnf;aumif; a'gif&Dawmif;qdkjcif;udk tpövmrfrS wm;jrpfonf/

orD;ysdK\ rdbrsm;rS ¤if;wdkY\ vGwfvyfaomqE´t& wpfpHkwpf&m

ypönf;Opömrsm; ay;urf;ygu vufcH EdkifcGifh&Sdaomfvnf; orD;ysdK\ rdbrsm;xHrS

oG,f0dkufíaomfvnf;aumif;? wkduf½dkufaomfvnf;aumif;? ypönf; wpfpHkwpf&m


awmif;qdkcGifh r&Sdyg/

trsKd;orD;wpfOD; tvkyfvkyfygu (rvkyfrjzpf vkyfp&mrvdkaomfvnf;)

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orD;ESifhqdkifaom vlrIa&;qdkif&m tcGifhta&;rsm;

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txl; wifjyvdkonfhtcsufrSm rdef;uav;y#doaE¨ zsufqD;jcif;jzpfonf/

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usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef? acGvdyfxm;jcif;u@? usrf;ydk'f (8-9)wGif

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usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef? MuiSef;rsm;u@? usrf;ydk'f (151) wGif

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tvm;wl nOfhc&D;u@? usrf;ydk'f (31)wGif

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tpövmrfjyefvnfrxGef;um;rD tma&Asa'owGif rdef;uav;wpfOD;

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uav;onf) cH&avonf/


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trdkifEdkyg0ifEIef;udk ppfaq;NyD;? a,mufsm;av;? rdef;uav; oaEöm;vm;[k

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xdef;odrf;&ma&mufaMumif;qdkvdkonf/


rdef;uav;oaEom; zsufcsrIrSm tdEd,EkdifiHwGif? &mpkESpfaygif;rsm;pGm

qufwdkufjzpfay:cJhaomjyóem wpfckjzpfonfudk awGUEkdifonf/ (1901)pm&if;

t& a,musfm;av;ESifh rdef;uav;tcsdK;rSm (1000 ;972) rS (1981) wGif (1000

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ulnDEdkifrnf[k ,lq&onf/

tpövmrfrS oif\uav;onf a,musfm;uav; jzpfap? rdef;uav;

jzpfap? oif rowfoifhaMumif;ñTefMum;xm;onf/ þtcGifhta&;onf

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oifonf usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef ysm;ydwkef;aumifu@? usrf;ydk'f (58-

59)udkzwfvQif

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tpövmrfhtvdkt& orD;rdef;uav;wpfa,mufudk rSefrSefuefuef

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vnf;aumif;? pDrHjyKvkyfí ay; oem;awmfrlcJh\/ (30;21)


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y#dnmOf 0efcHcsufudk ,lxm;NyD; vnf; jzpfMuavownf;/ }} ( 4; 21)

wpfzef trsKd;orD;u@? usrf;ydk'f (19)wGif

]] toifwddkYtzkdY rdef;rwdkYtm; t"r®enf;jzifh tarG (ypönf;)tjzpf odrf;ydkufjcif;onf

w&m;ouf0if onfr[kwfay/}} ( 4 ;19)

tpövmrf htvkdt& vufxyfxdrf;jrm;rnfh a,mufsm;ESif hrdef;r

ESpfOD;ESpfzufpvHk;rS rdrdwdkYoabmwlnDcsuft&om vufxyfxdrf;jrm;&rnf

jzpfonf/ owkdYorD;avmif;\ rdcif?zcif ESpfOD;pvHk;\ wkdufwGef;csufudkyif olr

oabmrwlnDygu jiif;y,fEdkiffcGihf&Sdonf/

]]rdef;uav; wpfa,mufonf olr\qE´udk qefYusifNyD;? olr\ zcif\

twif;tMuyf zdtm;ay;NyD;? vufxyfxdrf;jrm;jcif;udk wrefawmfjrwf(�)xH

oGm;a&mufwdkifMum;&m? wrefawmfjrwf(�)rS xkd xdrf;jrm;vufxyfjcif;trIudk

ysufapcJhonf/}} (qG[D;[kvfAdkcg&Dusrf; twGJ(7)? tcef;(43)? ['D;qftrSwf -69)

]]orD;rdef;uav; wpfa,mufonf zcifrS vufxyfxdrf;jrm;&ef zdtm;ay;

jcif;cH&onf/ xkdrdef;uav;onf wrefawmf(�) xH oGm;a&muf avQmufxm;

aomtcg wrefawmf(�)rS rdefYawmfrlonfrSm-]oifronf oifrESpfoufygu

vufxyf xdrf;jrm;a&;udpöudk qufEdkifrnf (odkYr[kwfygu) zsufodrf;vdku

zsufodrf;Edkifonf}} [k rdeYfawmfrlcJh\/ (rkpfe'f t[fr'f?['D;qftrSwf 2469 )

þonf vufxyfxdrf;jrm;a&;twGuf a,musfm; ESifhrdef;r (owdkYom;

avmif;ESifh owkdYorD;avmif;) ESpfOD;pvHk;\ oabmwlnDcsuf vdktyfonf/

tpövmrfwGif trsdK;orD;rsm;udk 'home-maker' tdrfudkjyKvkyfaomol?tdrfudkjyKvkyfaomol?tdrfudkjyKvkyfaomol?tdrfudkjyKvkyfaomol?tdrfudkjyKvkyfaomol?

tdrfudk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufaomotdrfudk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufaomotdrfudk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufaomotdrfudk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufaomotdrfudk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufaomol [k,lqNyD;?[k,lqNyD;?[k,lqNyD;?[k,lqNyD;?[k,lqNyD;?'house-wife' tdrf\tdrf\tdrf\tdrf\tdrf\

ZeD;r,m;}}ZeD;r,m;}}ZeD;r,m;}}ZeD;r,m;}}ZeD;r,m;}} [kr,lqyg/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf trsdK;orD;onf tdrfESifh


vufxyfxm;jcif;r[kwf/ vltrsm;pkonf house-wife [laom a0g[m&

pum;vkH;udk t"dyÜg,fem;rvnfbJESifh ac:a0:oHk;pGJaeMujcif;yif jzpfonf/

xkdYaMumifh uREfkyftBuHay;vdkonfrSm- "house-wife" [laom pum;vkH;tpm;?

"home-maker" [laompum;vHk;udkom oHk;pGJoifhygonf/ olrwdkYonf

tdrfwGiftaersm;NyD;? tdrf\wm0efudkydkí ,lxm;&aomaMumifh jzpfonf/

tpövmrft,ltqt& trsdK;orD;onf ocifwpfa,muftm;

vufxyfxm;jcif; r[kwfaomaMumifh? ¤if;wdkYrSm aus;uRefjzpfvmp&mtaMumif;

r&Sday/ olrrS vufxyfxm;olESifh wlnDaomtcGifhta&;&Sdonf/

]]tDrmefouf0if,HkMunfolrsm;teuf taumif; qHk;aomolrSm udk,fusif hodu©m

apmifhxdef;olrsm;? aumif;aom tjyKtrlukd usifhBuHaomolrsm; jzpfMu onfhtjyif

olwdkY\ rdom;pk0ifrsm;ESifh ZeD; rdef;rrsm;udk aumif;rGefpGm qufqHMuaomolrsm;

jzpfonf/}} (rkpfe'f t[fr'f ? ['D;qftrSwf 736 ?7396)

tpövmrfrS a,mufsm;ESifh rdef;rudk wlnDaomtcGifhta&; tyfESif;

xm;onfhtaMumif; av;pm;avmufaom M.M Kazi rS azmfñTef;xm;NyD;

jzpfygonf/ olrS &Gwfzwfo&ZÑm,foGm;aom tm,ofawmft& rdom;pkudk

acgif;aqmifwm0ef,l&jcif;rSvGJí tm;vHk;aomu@rsm;twGuf a,musfm;

rsm;ESifh rdef;rrsm;? vifa,musfm;ESifh ZeD;rdef;rrsm;wGif wlnDaom tcGifhta&;

&SdMuonf/

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef? *g0Du@? usrf;ydk'f (228)wGif -

]]xkdYjyif xkdZeD;rdef;rrsm;tay:0,f wm0efrsm;&SdouJhokdY xkdZeD; rdef;rrsm;tzkdYvnf;

w&m;pnf;urf;rsm; twkdif; tcGifhta&;rsm;vnf; &SdMuayonf/}} (2;228)

uREfkyfonf w&m;olBuD; M.M Kazi ESifh oabmwl ygonf/ rsm;pGmaom

rGwfpvifrfrsm;rS þtm,of\ qdkvdk&if;t"dyÜg,fudk vGJrSm;pGm oabmayguf

aeMuyg onf/ ]]a,musfm;rsm;wGif jrifhrm;aom tqifhtwef; &SdMuonf ]]a,musfm;rsm;wGif jrifhrm;aom tqifhtwef; &SdMuonf ]]a,musfm;rsm;wGif jrifhrm;aom tqifhtwef; &SdMuonf ]]a,musfm;rsm;wGif jrifhrm;aom tqifhtwef; &SdMuonf ]]a,musfm;rsm;wGif jrifhrm;aom tqifhtwef; &SdMuonf}}

[laompum;pkESifh ywfoufí uGJvGJaeMuonf/ þudpöESifh ywfoufí

uREkfyfwkdYonf usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef wpfckvHk;udk NcHKiHkoHk;oyfzdkY vdkygonf/


trsKd;orD;u@? usrf;ydk'f (34)wGif-

]]tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf (a,musfm;ESif h r def;rwd k Yteuf) tcsK dUud k

(a,musfm;rsm;udk) tcsKdUxuf (rdef;rrsm;xuf)yif t&nftjcif;? tqifhtwef;?

omvGefapawmfrlcJYaomaMumifh vnf;aumif;? a,musfm;rsm; onf rdrdwdkY\

Opömypönf;rsm;udk (rdef;rwdkYtm; auR;arG;axmufyHh&m wGif) oHk;pGJ aomaMumifh

vnf;aumif;? a,musfm;rsm;onf rdef;rwdkYtay:ü BuD;Muyftkyfxdef;olrsm;

jzpfMuonf/}} (4; 34)

vlwkdYu ajymMuonfrSm- ]aumif0f0grf kawwam [laom pum;vkH;onf

a,musfm;rsm;u ydkíjrwfonf/ omvGef[l\/ trSefpifppf aumif0f0grf [laom

pum;vkH;onf ]tdur[f} [laompum;vHk;rS qif;oufvmonf}

]tdur[f}[lonf qGvm;ofwnfaqmufrI rwdkifrD ]x&yf}&ef trdefYay;

vkdufaomtcg oHk;aompum;vHk; jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh ]tdur[f} [lonf

]x&yf&ef} [kt"dyÜg,f&onf/ aumif0f0grf[lonf jrifhjrwfrIwGif wpfqifhom

onf[k rqdkvdkyg/ wm0ef0wå&m;wGif wpfqifhomonf[k qdkvdkonf/

tu,fí oifonf tv’mrm[ftdAfaeYuqD;&f(&[)zGifhqdkaom

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ ozfqD;&f (tus,fzGifhusrf;)udk zwfMunfhygu]aumif0f0grf]aumif0f0grf]aumif0f0grf]aumif0f0grf]aumif0f0grf

[lonf jrif h jrwfrIwGif wpfqifhomonfr[kwfbJ wm0ef0wå&m;wGif[lonf jrif h jrwfrIwGif wpfqifhomonfr[kwfbJ wm0ef0wå&m;wGif[lonf jrif h jrwfrIwGif wpfqifhomonfr[kwfbJ wm0ef0wå&m;wGif[lonf jrif h jrwfrIwGif wpfqifhomonfr[kwfbJ wm0ef0wå&m;wGif[lonf jrif h jrwfrIwGif wpfqifhomonfr[kwfbJ wm0ef0wå&m;wGif

wpfqifhomonf}wpfqifhomonf}wpfqifhomonf}wpfqifhomonf}wpfqifhomonf}[k qdkxm;aMumif; awGU&ayrnf/ þwm0ef 0wå&m;[lonf

ZeD;ESifh cifyGef;tMum; tjyeftvSef oabmwlnDrI? cGifjhyKvkdufavsmrIrsm;

ay:rlwnfí aqmif&Gufoifhonf/

*g0Du@? usrf;ydk'f (187)wGif

]],if;ZeD;rdef;rrsm;onf toifwdkYtzdkY&m (t&SuftdaÈudk vHkjcHKpGm zHk;uG,faom)

0wfpm;wefqmrsm;(uJYodk Y) jzpfMu\/ xdkenf;wlpGm toifwdk Yonfvnf;

xd kZeD;rdef;rrsm;tbkd Yt&m (t&Suf tdaÈ údk vH k jcHKpGmzH k;uG,faom)

0wfpm;wefqmrsm;(uJYodkY)yif jzpfMuavonf/}} (2 ;187)

t0wftpm;wefqm\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm t&Sufudk zHk;tkyf&efESifh tvSqif

&efjzpfonf/


cifyGef;ESifh ZeD;onfwdkYonf wpfOD;\ trSm;rsm;? csdKU,Gif;csufrsm;udkcifyGef;ESifh ZeD;onfwdkYonf wpfOD;\ trSm;rsm;? csdKU,Gif;csufrsm;udkcifyGef;ESifh ZeD;onfwdkYonf wpfOD;\ trSm;rsm;? csdKU,Gif;csufrsm;udkcifyGef;ESifh ZeD;onfwdkYonf wpfOD;\ trSm;rsm;? csdKU,Gif;csufrsm;udkcifyGef;ESifh ZeD;onfwdkYonf wpfOD;\ trSm;rsm;? csdKU,Gif;csufrsm;udk

wpfOD;u jyifqifí vSyatmif vkyfay;&ef tjyeftvSef 0wå&m;&Sdonf/wpfOD;u jyifqifí vSyatmif vkyfay;&ef tjyeftvSef 0wå&m;&Sdonf/wpfOD;u jyifqifí vSyatmif vkyfay;&ef tjyeftvSef 0wå&m;&Sdonf/wpfOD;u jyifqifí vSyatmif vkyfay;&ef tjyeftvSef 0wå&m;&Sdonf/wpfOD;u jyifqifí vSyatmif vkyfay;&ef tjyeftvSef 0wå&m;&Sdonf/

Oyrmaqmif&vQif vufacsmif;rsm;ESifh vuftdwfESifho@mef wlonf/

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif azmfjyxm;onfrSm- tu,fíoifonf

oif\ZeD;tm; rBudKufESpfoufcJhvQifawmifrS olrtm; MuifempGm qHk;rowday;

qufqHoifhonf/ trsKd;orD;u@? usrf;ydk'f (19) wGif

]]4if;jyif toifwdkYonf ,if;rdef;rwdkYESifh aumif;rGefpGm qufqHMu avukef?

wzef

tu,fí toifwdkYonf xdkrdef;rwdkYudk rESpfNcdKufMuygrl (cEDÅw&m;xm;&SdMuum

onf;cHMuavukef)/ taMumif;aomfum; toifwd k Yonf wpH kw&mudk

rESpfNcdKufMujim;vnf; tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf ,if;t&mrsm;ü rsm;pGmaom

aumif;jrwfjcif;udk jyKvkyfawmf rlwef&m\/}} (4 ; 19)

oifonf oif\ZeD;onfudk rBudKufESpfoufvQifawmifrS ¤if;tm;

MuifempGm w&m;rQwpGm qufqH&ef wm0ef&Sdayonf/

tpövmrfwGif cifyGef;onf\ tcGifhta&;rsm;onf ZeD;rdef;r\

tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh twlwlyif jzpfonf/ þodkYaom tcGifhta&;rsm;udk

toifhtaeESifh acwfrDonf[k qdkygrnfavm (odkY) acwfaemufusaeNyD

[kqdkygrnfavm/

rmwmrdcifaus;Zl;&Sifrsm;ESifh ywfoufaom tcGifhta&;rsm;

,ckwpfzef rdcif\ tcGifhta&;rsm;ukd qef;ppf MunfhMuygpkdY/ rdcifukd

½k daoav;pm;rI\ txuf0,f tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf(�)tm; atAg'g[f

(c0yfukd;uG,fjcif;) jyKjcif;omjzpfaMumif; usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef? nOfhc&D;u@?

usrf;ydk'f (23)wGif-

]]pifppf toifhtm; zefqif;arG;jrLawmfrl aomt&Sifjrwfonf (þodkY)

trdefYawmfpD&ifcsrSwf jy|mef;awmfrlcJhavonf/ toifwdkYonf xdkt&Sif jrwfrSwyg;

tjcm;udk c0yfudk;uG,f &Sdcdk;ylaZmfjcif; tvQif; rjyKMu&ay/ 4if;jyif rdbESpfyg;tm;

aumif;pGm jyKpk oN*dK[faxmufyHhMu&rnf/}} ( 17 ;23)


trsKd;orD;u@? usrf;ydk'f (1)wGif -

]]oifwkdYtm; arG;zGm;ay;aom om;tdrf&Sifrsm;tm; av;pm;Muavmh/}}

om;aumifrsm;u@? usrf;ydk'f (151)wGif

]]4if;jyif (toifwkdYonf) rdbESpfyg;ESifh aumif;pGmqufqHjcif; (jyKMuukef)/}}

( 6 ; 151)

vGwf(uf)rmefokcrdefu@? usrf;ydk'f (14)wGif-

]]xdkrSwyg; ig(tv’m[f)t&Sifjrwfonf ]]rEkó}} vlom;tm; 4if;\rdbESpfyg;ESifh

ywfoufí (þodk Y)av;eufpGm trdef Yay;awmf rlcJ h\/ 4if;\rdcifrSm

tm;tifcsnfheJ YrItay:ü tm;tifcsnfheJ YrIudk cHpm;vsuf 4if;tm; (rdrd

0rf;wGif;ü) vG,fydkufcJhav\/ xdkrSwyg; ESpfESpfajrmufaomtcgüomvQif

4if;tm; EdkYjzwfav\/ (odkYjzpfay&m) toifonf igt&Sifjrwftm;vnf;aumif;?

toif\rdbESpfyg; wdkYtm;vnf;aumif;? aus;Zl;wifavmh/}} (31;14)

wpfzef oJawmifydkYrsm;u@? usrf;ydk'f (15)wGif-

]]pifppfaomfum; igt&Sifjrwfonf ]rEló} vlom;tm; 4if;\rdbESpfyg;

ESifhywfoufí aumif;pGmjyKpk&ef av;eufpGmtrdefYay;awmfrlcJh\/ 4if;\ rdcifrSm

4if;tm; qif;&J'ku© yifyef;BuD;pGmESifh (rdrd 0rf;wGif;0,f) o,fydk;vG,fydkufcJh\/ xkdYjyif

qif;&J'ku©yifyef;BuD;pGmESifhyif 4if;tm; arG;zGm;cJh\/}} (46 ; 15)

]]rdcif\ ajcz0g;atmufwGif *sEéof (trw okcbHk)&Sdonf}} (rkpfe'f t[fr'fusrf;?

tAfaeYrm*s[fusrf;)

þonfrSm rdcifjzpfolonf vrf;ay:wGif avQmufvSrf;oGm;onf/ tnpf

taMu; (EGm;acs;)rsm;ay:wGif avQmufvSrf;aeygu xkdtnpftaMu;rsm;onf

okcbHk jzpfoGm;rnf[krqkd/ qkdvkdonfrSm oifonf oif\rdciftwGuf tajccH

tusqHk; wm0ef0wå&m;rsm; ausyGefNyD;? rdciftm; ½kdaoav;pm;pGmqufqHyg/

rdcifukd Muifem oem;yg/ oif\ rdcifukd av;pm;jrwfEkd; wefzkd;xm;vQif tv’m[f

t&Sifjrwftvkdawmfjzifh oifonf *sEéof okcbHkodkY 0ifoGm;&rnf/ 0ifEkdifrnf


jzpfonf[k qkdvkdjcif; jzpfonf/

]]vlwpfOD;rS wrefawmfjrwf rk[r®'f(�)tm; ar;avQmufonfrSm ]tkd-wrefawmf

þavmuwGif uREkfyfrStcspfoifhqHk;?tMuifemoifhqHk;? u½kPm txm;oifhqHk;

vlyk*¾dKvfrSm rnfolenf;[k ar;jref;&m wrefawmff(�)rS rdefYawmfrlonfrSm ]oif\

rdcif} k jzpfonf/ wpfzefxyfí rdcif aemufrnfol jzpfygao;oenf;[k

ar;avQmufjyef&m ]oif\rdcif}[k ajzjyefonf/ wpfzefxyfí ]rdci}f \aemuf

rnfolYukd cspfjrwfEkd; wefzkd;xm;&ygrnfenf;[k xyfí ar; avQmuf&m ]oif\

rdcif} [kyif ajzMum;awmfrlonf/ xkdtcg xkda,mufsm;rS pwkw¬ajrmuf

tBudrfajrmuf rdcif\aemuf rnfolUtm; cspfcifjrwfEkd; wefzkd;xm;&ygrnfenf;

ar;avQmufjyef&m? wrefawmfjrwfBuD;(�)rS ]oif\zcif} [k ajzMum; cJhavonf/

}} (qG[D[kvfAd kcg&Dusrf; twGJ(8)? tcef;(2)? ['D;qftrSwf(2)?

qG[D[kvfrGwfpvifrf usrf; )

cspfarwåmESifh ½kdaoav;pm;rI\ 75%ukd rdcif twGufxm;NyD;

usef25%rSm zciftwGufjzpfonf/ twkdcsKyfajym&aomf a&TwHqdyf? aiGwHqdyfESifh

aMu;wHqdyf wkdYonf rdciftwGufomjzpfNyD;? zciftwGufrSm ESpfodrfhqkomjzpfonf/

uREf kyf\ aemifawmfnDawmfrsm;rS þtcsufukd oabmayguf

em;vnfMuí aysmf&Tifygonf/ yHkrSeftm;jzifh þtcsufonf aemifawmf?

nDtpfukdawmfrsm;\ cHpm; csufukd xdckdufaprnfjzpfí awmif;yef&rnfjzpfonf/

uREfkyf0rf;enf;ygonf/ tpövmrfrS uREkfyfwdkYtm; oifMum;ay;aomt&m jzpfyg

onf/

csD;rGrf;jcif;taygif;wkd Yonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf (� )twGufom

jzpfygonf/ þae&mwGif a&muf&Sd aeMuaom nDaemiftaygif;rSm tpövmrfukd

em;vnf oabmayguf Muolrsm;jzpfMuí uREkfyf0rf;omMunfEl; rdygonf/

tpfr^nDrrsm;\ tcGifhta&;

,ckwpfzef tpövmrfrS tyfESif;xm;aom tpfr^ nDrrsm;\

tcGifhta&;ukd cGJjcm;pdwfjzmavhvmMunfhMuygOD;pkdY/

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef? aemifw&jcif;u@? usrf;ydk'f (71)wGif


]]xkdenf;wlpGm ]]rktfrifef}} ouf0if,HkMunfaomol a,musfm;? rdef;r wkdUonfvnf;

(omoema&;wGif)tcsif;csif; wpfOD;ESif hwpfOD; taqG cifyGef;rsm;yif

jzpfMuukef\/}} (9 ;71)

þusrf;ykd'fawmfvm ]]atmifvD,m}}qkdonfrSm ]axmufyHhol? xdef;odrf;]axmufyHhol? xdef;odrf;]axmufyHhol? xdef;odrf;]axmufyHhol? xdef;odrf;]axmufyHhol? xdef;odrf;

apmifha&Smufol}apmifha&Smufol}apmifha&Smufol}apmifha&Smufol}apmifha&Smufol}[k teuf t"dyÜg,f&onf/ twkdcsKyfajym&aomf olwdkYonf

wpfOD;ESifh wpfOD; tjyeftvSef nDtpfukdrsm;? armifESrrsm;jzpfMuonf/

trsdK;orD;rsm;\ ynma&;qkdif&m tcGifhta&;

,ckwpfzef uREkfyfwkdYtaeESifh tpövmrfrS trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf

tyfESif;xm;aom ynma&;qkdif&m tcGif hta&;rsm;ukd cG J jcrf;pdwfjzm

avhvmMunfhMuygpkdY/usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef? zwf½Gwfavmhu@? usrf;ydk'f (1-5)wGif-

]](tkd-eADwrefawmf) toifonf rdrd t&Sif jrwf\emrHawmfjzifh (tpjyKí)

zwfygav/xkd t&Sifjrwfonf (ouf&S doufrJ h t&mcyfodrf;wk d Y uk d)

zefqif;awmfrlcJh\/xkdt&Sifjrwfonf vlom;ukd aoG;cJjzifh zefqif;awmf rlcJh\/

(tkd-eADwrefawmf) toifonf zwfygav/ pifppf toifhtm; zefqif;awmfrlaom

t&Sifjrwfonf tvGef&ufa&mpGm ay;urf;csD;jr§ifh awmfrlaom t&Sifjrwfyif

jzpfawmfrl\/tMuift&Sifjrwfonf uavmifjzifh oifMum;ay;awmfrlcJh\/

xkdt&Sifjrwfonf vlom;wkdYtm; 4if;wkdY rodcJhaomt&mrsm;ukd oifMum;

ay;awmfrlcJhay ownf;/}} ( 96 ; 1- 5)

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefrS vlom;rsK d;EG,fwpf&yfvHk;tm; yxrOD;qHk;

ay;xm;aom vrf;ñTefcsufrSm 0wfjyK qkawmif;&efvnf;r[kwf/ Oykof

oDvaqmufwnf&ef vnf;r[kwf/ vSL'gef;ay;urf;&efvnf;r[kwf/ zwf½I

avhvm&efjzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh tpövmrfonf ynma&;ukd ta&;BuD;qHk;

ae&mwGifxm;onf/

wrefawmfjrwfBuD;(�)rS rdcifESifh zcifESpfOD;pvHk;onf ¤if;wkdY\ orD;jzpfol

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(4) wGif-

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olwdkYtm; toifwdkYonf Budrf'Pftcsufaygif; &Spfq,f ½dkufMuavukef/}}

( 24 ; 4)

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rrSefruef pGyfpJGajymqdkygu? ,if;onf BuD;av;aomjypfrIjzpfjcif;aMumifh

oufaoav;OD; vdktyfonf/

,ckacwftcsdeftcgwGif a,mufsm;rsm;onf rdef;rrsm;udk enf;rsdK;pHkESifh

pGyfpJGNyD; apmfum;ajymqdkaeMuonfudk awGY&ayrnf/ olwdkYonf trSefwu,f

rvkyf aqmifygbJESifh ]zgonfr} ]rdef;r½Tifr} ponfjzifh qJqdkaeMuonf/

tpövmrfEdkifiHawmfwpfckwGif a,mufsm;wpfOD;u rdef;rwpfOD;udk ]zgonfr}

]rdef;r½Tifr}[k ac:ygu? xdk rdef;rrSxdka,mufsm;udk w&m;½Hk;odkYac:,lNyD; w&m;pJG

qdkEdkifonf/ xdkolrS pGyfpJGajymqdkcH&aom rdef;ronf trSefwu,f ]raumif;onfh

rdef;r} jzpfaMumif; oufao(4)OD;wifjy&rnf/ 4if;oufaorsm;xJrS

wpfa,mufonf trSm;oufaoxGufqdkygu? xdkoufao(4)OD;vHk;udk Budrf'Pf


(80)pDay;rnfjzpfNyD;? aemiftem*wfwGifvnf; olwdkY\oufaoxGufqdkrIudk

vHk;0vufcHawmhrnf r[kwfyg/

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tpövmrfü arG;&mygtrnf xdef;odrf;cGifh&Sdjcif;

taemufwdkif;ESifh tcsdKUaomta½SUwdkif;EdkifiHrsm;wGif rdef;rwpfa,muf

onf vufxyfaomtcg olr\trnfudk ajymif;vJ&onfrSm obm0jzpfonf/

tpövmrfwGiftrsdK;orD;wpfOD; vufxyfygu olronf vifa,mufsm;\

trnfudk qufcHEdkifovdk olr\trnfudk vifa,mufsm;trnfESifh vdkufavsm

nDaxG aygif;pyfí cH,lEdkifonf/ odkYwnf;r[kwf olr\ arG;&mygtrnfudkyif

qufvufcH,l usifhoHk;Edkifonf/

rsm;pGmaom tpövmrfh vlYtzJGYtpnf;rsm;wGif trsdK;orD;rsm;onf

vufxyfNyD;onfh aemufwGifyif olrwdkY\ arG;&mygtrnfrsm;udkyif qufí

cH,lMuonfudkawGY&\/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf tpövmrfwGif a,mufsm;ESifh

rdef;ronftwlwlyif jzpfaomaMumifhyif...

tpövmrfwGif rdrd\ arG;&mygtrnfxdef;odrf;jcif;udk vufcHygonf/

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oifajymEdkifygoavm/

trsdK;orD;rsm;\ EdkifiHa&;qdkif&m tcGifhta&;rsm;

,ckwpfzefEdkifiHa&;qdkif&m tcGifhta&;rsm;udk qef;ppfMuygOD;pdk Y/

aemifw&jcif; u@? usrf;ydk'f (71)wGif

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jzpfMuukef\/}} (9 ; 71 )

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wpfOD; tjyeftvSef ulnDyHhydk;olrsm; jzpfMuonf/}} wpfOD; tjyeftvSef ulnDyHhydk;olrsm; jzpfMuonf/}} wpfOD; tjyeftvSef ulnDyHhydk;olrsm; jzpfMuonf/}} wpfOD; tjyeftvSef ulnDyHhydk;olrsm; jzpfMuonf/}} wpfOD; tjyeftvSef ulnDyHhydk;olrsm; jzpfMuonf/}} þae&mwGif tjyeftvSef


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jyKygav/}} ( 60 ; 12)

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rJay;cGifhyg yg0ifonf/

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trsdK;orD;onf Oya'jyK&mwGifvnf; yg0ifcGifh ½Sdonf/ ausmfMum;aom


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usrf;jrwf uk&ftmef(4;20) wGif r[m&fonf wwfEdkifoljzpfygu ]]&wemypönf;

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xdktrsdK;orD;rSmrSefygonf [k wkefYjyef ajymMum;cJhonf/ pOf;pm;Munfhyg.../

tu,fí xdkajymqdkaxmufjyaom trsdK;orD;onf emrnfBuD;aom

trsdK;orD;jzpfygu? olr\trnfudk xnfhoGif; azmfjyrnfjzpfonf/ olr\trnf

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ajymqdkydkifcGifh}} ½Sdonf/

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ppfonfrsm;udk jyKpkukoay;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/


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ESif h rdef;rwdk Yonf tjyeftvSef apmifha½Smufolrsm;jzpfMuonf/} ESif h rdef;rwdk Yonf tjyeftvSef apmifha½Smufolrsm;jzpfMuonf/} ESif h rdef;rwdk Yonf tjyeftvSef apmifha½Smufolrsm;jzpfMuonf/} ESif h rdef;rwdk Yonf tjyeftvSef apmifha½Smufolrsm;jzpfMuonf/} ESif h rdef;rwdk Yonf tjyeftvSef apmifha½Smufolrsm;jzpfMuonf/} omref

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tcGifhta&;rsm;udk oifudk,fwdkifom xdef;odrf;Edkifrnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwdk YtcGifhta&;rsm;udk oifudk,fwdkifom xdef;odrf;Edkifrnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwdk YtcGifhta&;rsm;udk oifudk,fwdkifom xdef;odrf;Edkifrnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwdk YtcGifhta&;rsm;udk oifudk,fwdkifom xdef;odrf;Edkifrnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwdk YtcGifhta&;rsm;udk oifudk,fwdkifom xdef;odrf;Edkifrnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwdk Y

taeESif h uREfkyfwdk Y\ nDr? tpfrrsm;? orD;rsm;ESif h rdcifrsm;\ vdifyd kif;taeESif h uREfkyfwdk Y\ nDr? tpfrrsm;? orD;rsm;ESif h rdcifrsm;\ vdifyd kif;taeESif h uREfkyfwdk Y\ nDr? tpfrrsm;? orD;rsm;ESif h rdcifrsm;\ vdifyd kif;taeESif h uREfkyfwdk Y\ nDr? tpfrrsm;? orD;rsm;ESif h rdcifrsm;\ vdifyd kif;taeESif h uREfkyfwdk Y\ nDr? tpfrrsm;? orD;rsm;ESif h rdcifrsm;\ vdifyd kif;

qdkif&m usL;ausmfapmfum;rIrS uif;a0;apcsifygonf/qdkif&m usL;ausmfapmfum;rIrS uif;a0;apcsifygonf/qdkif&m usL;ausmfapmfum;rIrS uif;a0;apcsifygonf/qdkif&m usL;ausmfapmfum;rIrS uif;a0;apcsifygonf/qdkif&m usL;ausmfapmfum;rIrS uif;a0;apcsifygonf/

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or®wBuD; ab;vfuvifwef or®wBuD; ab;vfuvifwef or®wBuD; ab;vfuvifwef or®wBuD; ab;vfuvifwef or®wBuD; ab;vfuvifwef (((((Bill Clinton)))))udk,fwdkif xdkjyoemtwGufudk,fwdkif xdkjyoemtwGufudk,fwdkif xdkjyoemtwGufudk,fwdkif xdkjyoemtwGufudk,fwdkif xdkjyoemtwGuf

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ppfajrjyifodk Y oGm;a&mufcGif h ay;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ppfajrjyifodk Y oGm;a&mufcGif h ay;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ppfajrjyifodk Y oGm;a&mufcGif h ay;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ppfajrjyifodk Y oGm;a&mufcGif h ay;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ppfajrjyifodk Y oGm;a&mufcGif h ay;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkodkYppfajrjyifodkY

oGm;aomtcg rsdK;wGif xdktrsdK;orD;ppfonfwdkY tpövmrfhusifh0wfESifh tnD

[D*smAf0wfNyD;? olrwdYk\ umtda`Eudk xdef;odrf; apmifha&Smuf&rnfjzpfonf/

uREfkyf\pum;udk ed*Hk;rcsKyfrD Oyrmwpfckay;csifygonf/ uREfkyf\

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wefjzpfonf/

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]c}xuf ydkonf/

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]u}ESifh ]c}\&rSwfrSm ESpfOD;pvHk; twlwlyifjzpfonf/

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twGuf ]u}rSm ]c}xufomNyD;? tcsK dUaomar;cGef;rsm;twGufrl ]c}u

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tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf(�)onf trsdK;om;rsm;udk tiftm;ydkí ay;xm;onf/ Oyrm-

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onf[k ,HkMunfygonf/ cH,lygonfqdkvQuf tdrfwGiftwlaeaomrdcif?

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oifonf OD;pm;ay;í vTwfrnfr[kwf/ oif udk,fwkdifom xGufí

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xkdufaom tcGifhta&;rsm; ray;Muay/


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avonf/

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oHk;rIrsm; &dSavonf/oHk;rIrsm; &dSavonf/oHk;rIrsm; &dSavonf/oHk;rIrsm; &dSavonf/oHk;rIrsm; &dSavonf/

uREfkyftaeESifh taemufEdkifiH vlYtzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk ajymMum;vdkonfrSm

tpövmrfrS ay;xm;aom trsdK;orD;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;udk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef?

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ay;aomtcGifhta&;rsm;onf acwfrDyg\ avm/ acwfaemufusyg\avm[lí

oHk;oyfqifjcifMuyg/ oifwdkYtaeESifh tpövmrfrSay;xm;aom trsdK;orD;

tcGifhta&;rsm;onf acwfrDaMumif; ?acwfaemufrusaMumif; em;vnf

oGm;Edkifvdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfygonf/


tpövmrfrSjyqdkaom

trsdK;orD;tcGifhta&;rsm;onf

acwfrDygao;vm;

(odkY)

acwfaemufusukefNyDvm;/

'kwd,wGJ

Woman's Rights in Islam

MODERNISING OR OUTDATED?

PART II


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tm,ofawmf (usrf;ydk'f)vnf;jzpfygonf/

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onf[k qdkvdkygonf/

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aMumifhjzpfonf/

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aiGa&;aMu;a&;wm0efrSm a,mufsm;om;rsm;\ wm0efomjzpfaomaMumifh

rdef;rrsm;xufykdí &nfñTef;jcif;cH&jcif;jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifhaiGa&;aMu;a&;ESifh

ywfoufaom jyóem&yfrsm;twGuf trsK d;om; oufaoESpfOD;onf

tckdifrmqkH;jzpfNyD;? okdYr&Ekdifygu trsKd;om;wpfOD;? trsKdorD;ESpfOD;ukd oufao

tjzpfjyK vkyfoifhonf[k qkdvkd&if;jzpfonf/

xyfrHwifjy&rnfqkdaomf? oifonf usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ cJzG,fabmZOf

u@? usrf;ydk'f (106)wGif

]]xdkolonf ]]0qGD,of}} rSmwrf;pum; ajymMum; avaom tcg? toifwdkYteufrS

w&m;rQwrI&Sd aomolESpfa,muf tm; oufaotjzpf &SdMu&ayrnf/ }} (5;106)

txufazmfjyygtm,ofawmft& tarGqufcHrIESif hqk di faom

]]aowrf;pm}} a&;vkd?rSmMum;vkdaomtcgrsKd;wGifvnf; a,mufusm;oufao

ESpfOD;xm;&ef vkdtyfaMumif; azmfjyxm;onf/ tcsKdUaom w&m;olBuD;rsm;u

ajymqkdMuonfrSm vlowfrIwpfcktwGuf oufaocH&mwGifvnf; trsKd;orD;

rsm;\ rdef;robm0 vefYwwf? aMumufwwfMuonfrSm "r®wmjzpfí xdkaMumuf

wwfrIu olrwkdYtm; trSefxGufqdk&ef t[efYtwm; jzpfapwwfaomaMumifh?

trsdK;orD;oufaoESpfOD;rSm trsdK;om;oufaowpfOD;ESifh twlwlyifjzpfonf/

xdkYaMumifh tajctaeESpf&yfjzpfonfh aiGa&;? aMu;a&;udpöESifh vlowfrI

udpötwGufomvQif trsdK;orD; oufao (2)OD;onf trsdK;om;oufao wpfOD;ESifh

wlonf[k qdkvdk&if;jzpfygonf/


tcsdKUaom tpövmrfh ynm&Sifrsm;u qdkMuonfrSm-]usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef

wGif rdef;roufao (2)OD;onf a,musfm;oufao(1)OD;ESifhwlonf[laom

u@rSm *g0Du@? usrf;ydk'f (282)wpfckwnf;üomjzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh

xkdtm,ofawmf\ tvkdt& tm;vHk;aom udpö&yfrsm;twGuf oufao

a,musfm; (1)a,mufonf oufao rdef;r(2) a,mufESifhwl\[k r,lqMuacs/

uREfkyfwkdYtaeESifh usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwpftkyfvHk;udk cJGjcrf;pdwfjzm

avhvmMunfhygpdkY/ a&mifjcnfawmfu@? usrf;ydk'f (6)wGif-

]]xdkYjyif rdrdwdkY\ZeD;Muif&mrsm;tm; (umarok rdpämpm&rI usL;vGefygonf[k)

pGyfpJ Gaomolwd k Yonf ¤i f;wd k Yü rdrdwd k Y tjyif oufaorsm;r&S d MuvQif

xdkpGyfpJGolwdkYteuf wpfOD; onf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftm; wdkifwnfí rdrdonf

opöm0g'D jzpfaMumif; av;Budrfwdkifwdkif oufaoxGufqdk &rnf/}} (24;6)

tu,fí cifyGef;jzpfolrSjzpfap? ZeD;jzpfolrSjzpfap? rdrd\ ZeD;? cifyGef;udk

pGyfpGJvdkygu oufao&Sd&ef vdktyfonf/ tu,fí ¤if;wkdYtaeESifh oufaor&Edkif

yguvnf; ¤if;wdkY\ ckdifrmaom taxmuftxm;onf trsdK;orD;(1)OD; (0g)

trsdK;om;(1)OD;yifvQif vHkavmuf\/ þtm,ofawmf\ tvdkt&? trsdK;orD;

oufaowpfOD; ESifh trsdK;om;oufaowpfOD;onf twlwlyif vHkavmufaom

oufaojzpfaMumif;qdkvdkonf/

tpövmrfhOya'ynm&Sifrsm;u vufcHMuonfrSm vjrifonfhudpöESifh

ywfoufonfh trsdK;orD;wpfOD;yif vHkavmufaomoufaojzpfonf/ tcsKdUaom

Oya'ynm&Sifrsm;u vufcHMuonfrSm &rfoGmefv\tpwGif oufao

wpfa,mufomvkdtyfNyD; 0gxGufaom (&rfoGmefv\ tqHk;wGif) oufao (2)OD;

vkdtyfonf/ þudpörsm;ESifh ywfoufí trsKd;om;ESifh trsKd;orD;uGJjym;jcm;em;aprI

r&Sdyg/ xkdYtwl tcsKdUaom ta&;udpörsm;twGuf trsKd;om;oufaoukd

vufrcHEkdifaom (trsKd;orD;oufaoukdom vufcHaom) tajctaersm;

vnf;&Sdonf/ trsKd;orD;oufaoukdom tav;xm;onfhudpö qkdonfrSm

rnfonfhudpöjzpfaMumif; tm;vHk;rS pdwf0ifpm;pGm apmifhqkdif;aeMurnf[k

uREfkyffxifygonf/

rdef;rwpfOD;aoqHk;oGm;í rkdif,ofa&csKd;ay;&eftwGuf trsKd;orD;


oufaowpfa,mufom vHkavmufayonf/ cRif;csuftaeESifh oifonf

trsKd;orD;oufao r&EkdifaomtcgwGif aoqHk;ol\ a,mufsm;onfom

vQifvHkavmufaom oufaojzpfonf/ þudpötwGufrSm trsKd;orD;omvQif

ykdíjzpfoifhonf/

&SDvm[f/&SDvm[f/&SDvm[f/&SDvm[f/&SDvm[f/ ///// tpövmrfbmomonf a,mufsm;wpfa,muftm; rdef;rtrsm;

ESifhvufxufcGifh "Polygamy"udk tb,faMumifh cGifhjyK&ygoenf;/

a'gufwmZmud&f/a'gufwmZmud&f/a'gufwmZmud&f/a'gufwmZmud&f/a'gufwmZmud&f/ /////trSefpifppf "Polygamy" qkdonfrSm vlyk*¾ d Kvf

wpfa,mufwGif wpfa,mufxufykdaom Muifazmfrsm;&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ þudpö

wGif trsKd;tpm;ESpfrsKd;cGJjcm;Ekdifonf/ "Polygeny"ac: r,m;NydKifxm;jcif;

(trsdK;om;wpfa,mufwGif ZeD;r,m;wpfa,mufxuf ykdí&Sdjcif;)ESifh "Poly -

endry"ac: vifNydKifxm;jcif; (trsdK;orD;wpfa,mufwGif vifa,mufsm;

wpfa,mufxuf ykdí&Sdjcif;) [líjzpfonf/ rsm;pGmaom vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;rS rsm;pGmaom vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;rS rsm;pGmaom vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;rS rsm;pGmaom vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;rS rsm;pGmaom vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;rS 'Po-

lygamy' [laom[laom[laom[laom[laompum;&yftwGuf ]]a,mufsm;wpfa,mufrSpum;&yftwGuf ]]a,mufsm;wpfa,mufrSpum;&yftwGuf ]]a,mufsm;wpfa,mufrSpum;&yftwGuf ]]a,mufsm;wpfa,mufrSpum;&yftwGuf ]]a,mufsm;wpfa,mufrS ZeD; ZeD; ZeD; ZeD; ZeD;r,m;r,m;r,m;r,m;r,m;

wpfOD;xufykdí vufxyfEkdifjcif; (0g)r,m;NydKifwpfOD;xufykdí vufxyfEkdifjcif; (0g)r,m;NydKifwpfOD;xufykdí vufxyfEkdifjcif; (0g)r,m;NydKifwpfOD;xufykdí vufxyfEkdifjcif; (0g)r,m;NydKifwpfOD;xufykdí vufxyfEkdifjcif; (0g)r,m;NydKifxm;jcif;[lí xifjrifaexm;jcif;[lí xifjrifaexm;jcif;[lí xifjrifaexm;jcif;[lí xifjrifaexm;jcif;[lí xifjrifae

Muonf/Muonf/Muonf/Muonf/Muonf/ trSefpifppf xkdoabmomru trsdK;orD;wpfOD;wGif wpfOD;xufykdaom

vifa,musfm; Muifazmfrsm;&Sdjcif;onfvnf; tusKH;0if\/

a,mufsm;wpfOD;onf ZeD;wpfOD;xufykdí vufxyfxdrf;jrm;jcif;ukd

"Polygeny"[kac:NyD; rdef;rwpfOD;wGif cifyGef;wpfOD;xufykdí vufxyfxdrf;jrm;

jcif;ukd "Polyendry"[k ac:onf/ nDrawmfrS ar;aomar;cGef;rSm t"dutm;jzifh

]]a,mufsm;wpfa,mufukd tb,faMumifh ZeD;wpfOD;xufykdí vufxyfcGifhjyK

&ygoenf;/}} wpfenf;qkdaomf r,m;NydKifxm;jcif; (Polygeny)ukd bmaMumifh

tpövmrfrS cGifhjyKxm;&ygoenf;[laom tar;jzpfonf/ uREkfyfrS þar;cGef;ukd

ajzygrnf/

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefonf urÇmajray:&Sd bmoma&; usrf;*efrsm;teuf

]]ZeD;wpfOD;wnf;om vufxyfyg}}[k azmfjyxm;aom wpftkyfwnf;aom

pmtkyfjzpfygonf/ oifonf *Dwusrf;? a0'usrf;? &mr,eusrf;? r[m

bm&wusrf;? or®musrf; tm;vHk;ukd zwfMunfhyg/ ]]wpfOD;wnf;ukdom

vufxyfyg}}[lí azmfjyxm;aom ae&mwpfae&mrQr&S dyg/ uk&ftmef

usrf;wpftkyfwnf;wGif om ]]wpfOD;wnf;ukdom vufxyfyg}}[k azmfjyxm;


onfukd awGUEkdifonf/

trSefpifppf oifonf [dE´Lusrf;*efrsm;ukd zwf½Iavhvmygu rsm;pGm

aombk&ifrsm;wGif ZeD;trsm;&Sdonfukd awGUEkdifonf/ Oyrm- bk&if'g&S&wfwGif

ZeD;wpfOD;xufykdí&Sdonf/ c&pf&SemwGifvnf; ZeD;wpfOD;xuf ykdí&Sdonf/ oifonf

*sL;usrf;*efrsm;ukd zwf½IMunfhygu *sL;Oya'\ (11)&mpkwGif "Polygeny" ac:

ZeD;wpfOD;xuf ykdívufxyfxdrf;jrm;cGif hjyKxm;aMumif; awGU&ayrnf/

&mbD*gwf'f&Tef(rf) bif*sm[l'g (Gurdshom Benjahuda)u Signord tm; wifjyNyD;

ZeD;wpfOD;xufykdí vufxyfjcif;cGifhrjyKoifhaMumif; wifjycJhonf/ okdYwkdif atmif

rGwfpfvifrf EkdifiHrsm;wGif&Sdaom puf(yf)x&mepf *sL;vlUtzGJUtpnf; (((((Septranic Jewish

Community)))))wGif (1950)wkdifatmif usifhoHk;rI&SdcJhonf/ tpöa&;EkdifiH\

tBuD;tuJjzpfolrS þokdYusifhoHk;rItay: wm;jrpfydwfyif cJhonf/

c&pf,mefvlYtzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGifvnf; vGefcJhaom ESpf&mpkcefYxd (18

&mpk)xd "Polygeny"ac: ]]r,m;NydKifxm;jcif;}}ukd cGifhjyKaMumif; or®musrf;wGif

awGUEkdifonf/ xkd&mpkaemufykdif;wGif ]]c&pf,meftoif;awmf}}rS wm;jrpfcJhonf/

tdEd,EkdifiH\ w&m;a&; (Oya'a&;&m)ukd avhvmygu tdEd,EkdifiH\ w&m;

Oya'onf [dELtrsKd;om;rsm;tm; ZeD;wpfa,mufxufykdí vufxyfxdrf;jrm;

cGifhjyKxm;aMumif;awGU&onf/ (1954)ckESpfwGifrS [dE´Lvufxyfxdrf;jrm;rI

tufOya'jy|mef;cJhNyD;? ¤if;wGif pnf;urf;owfrSwfcsufwpfck yg0ifonf/ ,if;rSm

[dE´La,mufsm;rsm;onf ZeD;wpfOD;xufykdí vufxyfcGifhrjyK[laomtcsuf

jzpfonf/

]]tpövmrfwGif&Sdaom trsKd;orD;rsm;\ tqifhtwef;}}ESifh ywfoufí

wifjyaomaumfrwD\ (1975) ckESpf pm&if;Z,m;t&? pmrsufESm (66? 67)wGif

ZeD; wpfa,mufxufykdí vufxyfxdrf;jrm;aom &mckdifEIef;ukd wifjyxm;onf/

,if;xkwfjyefxm;aom pm&if;? Z,m;t&? [dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;twGif; wpfOD;

xufykdaom vufxyfxdrf;jrm;rI&mckdifEIef;rSm (5.06)jzpfNyD;? tpövmrfbmom0if

rsm;twGif; &mckdifEIef;rSm(4.31)jzpfonf/ þpm&if;Z,m;rsm;ukdxm;NyD; uREkfyfwkdY\

t"dutcsufjzpfaom ]]tpövmrfrS ZeD;wpfOD;xufykdaom vufxyfxdrf;jrm;jcif;

(0g) r,m;NydKifxm;jcif;ukd tb,faMumifh cGifhjyKxm;&ygoenf;}}[laomtcsuf

udk aqG;aEG;MuygpkdY/


uREfkyfwpfcgwifjyxm;NyD;jzpfygonf/ trsKd;orD;u@? usrf;ydk'f (3) wGif

]]rdrdwkdYESpfNcdKuf aom (tjcm;) trsKd;orD;rsm;teuf (a,mufsm; wpfOD;vQif)

rdef;rESpfa,mufpDESifhjzpfap? okdYr[kwf rdef;r oHk;a,muf pDESifhjzpfap? okdYr[kwf

rdef;rav;a,mufpDESifhjzpfap xdrf;jrm;Muukef/ wzef tu,fí toifwkdYonf (rdef;r

wpfa,mufxufykdí xdrf;jrm; &mwGif) w&m;rQwrIukd jyKEkdifMurnfr[kwf[k

pkd;&drfruif; jzpfMujyef aomf (ZeD;rdef;r) wpfOD;wnf;ESifhyif (wif;wdrfMu&rnf)/}}

(4;3)

xkdYaMumifh ]]wpfOD;wnf;ukdomvufxyfyg}} [laom pum;onf

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef wpftkyfwnf;wGifom azmfjyxm;aom azmfjycsufjzpfonf/

tjcm;rnfonfh bmoma&;usrf;*efwGifrS ñTefMum;xm;jcif;r&Sdyg/

tpövmrfray:xGef;rD tcsdefumvu tma&;AD;,m;uRef;qG,f&Sd tm&Af

vlrsKd; a,mufsm;rsm;onf ZeD; trsm;tjym; ,lavh&Sdonf/ tcsKdUaomolrsm;wGif

ZeD;OD;a& &mcsDíyif &Sdwwfonf/ tpövmrfrS ZeD;rsm;,ljcif;ESifh ywfoufí

tjrifhqHk; uefYowfcsufjzpfaom ]](4) OD;}}ukd owfrSwfcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ oifhtaeESifh

ZeD;wpfOD;xufykd,lygu xkdESpfOD;? xkdoHk;OD;? xkdav;OD;tMum;wGif w&m;rQwrIESifh

qufpyfrIjyK&rnfjzpfonf/ xkdokdYrqufqHEkdifygu wpfOD;xJom vufxyfyg/

xkd trsKd;orD;u@? usrf;ydk'f (129)ü xyfí ñTefjyxm;onf/

]] xkdrSwyg;wHk toifwdkYonf (rnfrQyif w&m;rQwap&ef) qExm; &SdMuaomfvnf;

(rdrdwd k Y\wOD;xufyd kaom) ZeD;rdef;rwdk Y\ pyfMum;0,f(tbufbufrS)

w&m;rQwatmif tvsif; jyKEdkifMurnf r[kwfay/}} (4;129)

xkdYaMumifh ZeD;wpfOD;xufykdí ,lckdif;jcif;udpörSm cRif;csufjzpfonf/

¤if;onf pnf;rsOf; Oya'or[kwf/ rsm;pGmaom vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;rS ]]tpövmrfrS

a,mufsm;rsm;ukd ZeD; wpfOD;xufykdNyD; ZeD;av;OD;xd rjzpfrae,l&rnf[k owfrSwf

xm;onf}}[k xifjrifaeMuonf/

tpövmrffwGif vkyf&efESifh rvkyf&ef trsKd;tpm; (5)rsKd; owfrSwfxm;onf/

(1) (�� ]]rvkyfrae&wm0ef}}


(2) (�!�� ]] axmufcHonf/ tm;ay;onf/}}

(3) )*�� ]]cGifhjyKcsuf&Sdonf/}}

(4) '��+�� ]]raxmufcH tm;ray;yg/}}

(5) �� ]]wm;jrpfydwfyifonf/}} wkd Yjzpfonf/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef?

wrefawmfjrwf(�)\ ['D;qfMo0g'rsm;\ rnfonfh ae&mwGifrS ]]ZeD;

wpfa,mufxufykdí vufxyfxdrf;jrm;olonf ZeD;wpfOD;wnf; vufxyf

olxufyk dí omvGefaumif;rGefaom rGwfpfvifjzpfonf}}[k a&;om;

azmfjyxm;jcif;r&Sdyg/

uREkfyfwkdYtaeESifh tpövmrfrS tb,faMumifh ZeD; wpfOD;xufykdí

vufxyfcGifhjyK&onfukd ,kwådaA'enf;usus qef;ppf a0zefMunfhMuygpkd Y/

obm0w&m;t& a,mufsm;uav;rsm;ESifh rdef;uav;rsm;onf wlnDaom

tcsKd;tpm; ESifh arG;zGm;vmcJhMuonf/ okdYaomf aq;odyÜHrS ajymMum;onfhtcsufrSm

oaEom;tqifhwGifyif rdef;uav;oaEom;onf a,mufsm;av;oaE¨om;

xufykdí cHEkdif&nf&Sdí ykdítm;aumif;oefrmonf/ uav;rsm;\ usef;rma&;ESifh

ywfoufí txl;jyKavhvmxm;aom todynmA[kokwt& rdef;uav;

rsm;onf a,mufsm;av;rsm;xufykdí ckcHtm;aumif;NyD;? a&m*grsm;ESifh ykd;rTm;rsm;ukd

ykdíckcHEkdifpGrf; &Sdonf/ xkdYaMumifh uav;t&G,fwGifyif a,mufsm;av; tcsKd;onf

rdef;uav; tcsKd;xufykdíenf;onf/ uav;tqifhwGifyif a,mufsm;rsm;xuf

rdef;uav;rsm;\ usef;rma&; tqifhtwef;ykdí jrifhrm;onfukdawGU&\/

ppfjzpfyGm;aomumvüqkdvQif a,mufsm;rsm;onf rdef;rrsm;xufykdí

towftjzwfcH&ygonf/ ,ck avmavmq,f urÇmwGif jzpfyGm;aeaom

ppfyGJrsm; txl;ojzifh tmz*efepöwefwGif jzpfyGm;cJhaomppfyGJwGif vlaygif;

(1.5)oef;ausmf aoqHk;cJh&NyD; ¤if;wkdYteuf trsm;pkrSm a,mufsm;rsm;jzpfonf/

pm&if;Z,m;rsm;t& rawmfwqxdckduf'Pf&m&rIESifh pD;u&ufaomufrIaMumifh

aoqHk;olrsm;wGif a,mufsm;OD;a&rSm rdef;rOD;a& xufykdrsm;onfukd awGU&\/

xkdYaMumifh urÇmay:wGif rdef;uav;OD;a&rSm a,mufsm;OD;a&xufykdrsm;onfukd

awGUEkdifonf/

tm&SESifh tmz&duEkdifiHtcsKdUtjyif tdEd,EkdifiHonf a,mufsm;uav;


OD;a&onf rdef;uav;OD;xuf ykdrsm;aom EkdifiHwpfEkdifiH jzpfonf/

tb,faMumifhqkdaomf rdef;uav;oaEom; zsufcsrIrSm ESpfpOfESpfwkdif;

wpfoef;ausmf txufü&Sdonf/ rdef;uav;ukd y#doaEaqmifonf[kodonfESifh

wpfNydKifeuf oaE¨om;zsufcswwfaom rdpäm"avhqkd;BuD;aMumifh rdef;uav;

OD;a&rSm wpfjznf;jznf;enf;yg;vm&NyD;? usm;OD;a&rsm;vm&jcif;jzpfonf/

(okdYr[kwf) rdef;uav; oaEom;ukd zsufcswwfonfh "avhqkd;BuD;ukd y,fzsuf

ypfEkdifygu tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;rSmuJhokdYyif a,mufsm;av;OD;a&rSm rdef;uav;

OD;a&xuf ykdenf;aeOD;rSmjzpfonf/

tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwGif rdef;rOD;a&onf a,mufsm;OD;a&xuf

(7.8)oef;ykdaeygonf/ e,l;a,mufNrdKUwpfNrdKUwnf;üyif a,mufsm;av;

ta&twGufESifh,SOfvQif rdef;uav;ta&twGufonf wpfoef;ausmf ykdae

ygonf/ e,l;a,mufNrdKUwGif aexkdifvQuf&SdMuaom a,mufsm;OD;a&\ oHk;yHk

wpfyHkrSm rdef;rvQmrsm;jzpfaeMuonf/ tar&duefwpfEkdifiHvHk;rSm vdifwl

qufqHolOD;a&rSm ESpfq,fhig;oef;ru &Sdaeygonf/ NAdwdefEkdifiHwGifrl rdef;r

OD;a&onf a,mufsm;OD;a&xuf (4)oef;ausmfykdaeNyD;? *smreDEkdifiHwGifrl

(5)oef;ausmf? ½k&Sm;EkdifiHtwGufrl (7)oef;ausmf ykdrsm;aeonfukd awGU&ygonf/

wpfurÇmvHk;ü&SdMuonfh a,mufsm;ESifh rdef;rOD;a&ukd EdIif;,SOffMunfhvQif rdef;rOD;a&

oef;aygif;rnfrQ ykdrsm;aernfukd tv’m[ft&Sif wpfyg;wnf;om od&SdawmfrlEkdif

rnfjzpfonf/

tu,fí uREkfyf\nDronf tar&duefjynfaxmifpkü&Sdaom tysKdBuD;

awGxJrS wpfa,muf[k qkdMuygpkdY/ tu,fí a,mufsm;wkdif;rSm ZeD;r,m;

wpfOD;uspD &SdaevQifawmif? tar&duefjynf wpfjynfwnf;wGif a,mufsm;

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tjcm;aom udpöwpfckwGif a,mufsm;jzpfolrSm xdcdkuf'Pf&m &&SdNyD;?

tdyf,mxJwGif emwm&Snf vlrrm jzpfaeygu xkdrdef;rrS aemufxyf vifa,musfm;

,lí r&/ þudpöESifhywfoufí pOf;pm;qifjcif MunfhMuygpkdY/ xdkolonf rawmf

wqrIaMumifh ol\ a,musfm;wm0efrsm; xrf;aqmifEkdifrnf r[kwfyg/ yxrqHk;

tcsufrSm om;auR;rI? r,m;auR;rItwGuf aiGaMu;&SmazGa&; jzpfonf/

'kwd,tcsufrSm olonf olYZeD;onf\ qE´ukd jznfhpGrf;Edkifrnfr[kwf/ yxr

jyóemtwGuf tpövmrfrS ajz&Sif;ay;onfht&m Zum;of(qif;&Jom;'geaMu;)

jzpfonf/ olrtaeeJY Zum;of pm;ydkifcGifh ,lydkifcGifh&Sdonf/

'kwd,tcsuftaeESifh ajymxm;onfrSm ]ZeD;onf taeESifh vif

a,musfm;xufydkí enf;yg;aom qE´om &Sdonf/ xkdudpöESifh ywfoufí

trsdK;orD;\ (&S[m0of) pdwfudk jznfhpGuf&ef ydkíqE´jyif;jyygu olrtaeESifh


cdkv[f (Kulah) uGm&Sif;jywfpJcGifh awmif;cHEkdifonf/ þudpöwGif trsdK;orD;rS

usef;rmaeygu ckdv[fac: trsdK;orD;bufrS uGm&Sif;jywfpJcGifh awmif;cHjcif;onf

taumif;qHk;udpö jzpfonf/ tu,fí olronf qGYHt?em;rMum;? roefrpGrf;

jzpfaeygu olru uGm&Sif;jywfpJygu olrudk rnfolu wm0ef,lrnfenf;/ þonf

uREkfyf\ tajzjzpfonf[k ,lqygonf/

qm'g&D [muif;rf/qm'g&D [muif;rf/qm'g&D [muif;rf/qm'g&D [muif;rf/qm'g&D [muif;rf/ /uRefrar;jref;csifaom ar;cGef;rSm trsdK;orD;uav;

wpfa,mufonf vlwpfa,mufu vufxyfvdkaomtaMumif; urf;vSrf;

vmvQif olrrS rESpfoufygu ]vufrxyfvdkbl;} [k wkefYjyefEdkifonf[k

ajymqdkxm;ygw,f/ tu,fí olrtm; tkyfxdef;olrS em;csí vufxyfcdkif;ae

rnfqdkvQif olronf ]vufrxyfEdkifbl;}qdkaom jiif;qdkrItNyD;ü pdwfcsrf;ompGm

aeEdkifygOD; rnfavm/

a'gufwm Zmud&fEk duf(pf)/a'gufwm Zmud&fEk duf(pf)/a'gufwm Zmud&fEk duf(pf)/a'gufwm Zmud&fEk duf(pf)/a'gufwm Zmud&fEk duf(pf)/ / uREfkyf\ a[majymcsuftwGif;ü wifjy

oGm;aomtcsufudkyif nDrawmfrS xyfí ar;cGef;xkwfaeygonf/ uREkfyfrS

wifjyoGm;aomtcsufrSm rdef;rwpfa,mufonf olrtm; vufxyfxdrf;jrm;&ef

urf;vSrf;rIudk ]vufrxyfEk difyg} [k wkef Y jyefNyD;onfhaemuf olronf

pdwfrcsrf;rom jzpfaeEdkifygonf[k ajymMum;cJh ygonf/ nDrtaeESifh uREkfyf\

a[majymcsufudk aoaocsmcsm em;raxmifcJhwmyg/ uREkfyf\ wifjyrIwGif

vufrxyfao;aom rdef;rysdKwpfa,muf\ pm;0wfaea&;twGuf axmufyHh

wm0ef,l&rnfh wm0efonf ol\zcif? (odkYr[kwf) ol\ tpfudkarmifzGm;rsm;\

wm0efyifjzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYxHrS vkdvm;oludk rESpfoufyg[k jiif;qdkNyD;aom

aemufydkif;wGifvnf; olr\zcifESifh armifrsm;uyif olr\ pm;0wfaea&;ESifh

aiGa&;aMu;a&;twGuf wm0ef,l&rnf/

y&uwf(&Sf)vkwf(wf)y&uwf(&Sf)vkwf(wf)y&uwf(&Sf)vkwf(wf)y&uwf(&Sf)vkwf(wf)y&uwf(&Sf)vkwf(wf) - yxrOD;qHk;taeESifh bmomtoD;oD;u vlrsm;ukd

zdwfac:awGUqHkapaom tzGJUtpnf;ukd aus;Zl;wifygonf/ uREfkyf ar;csifaom

ar;cGef;rSm [dE´L0g'? tpövmrfESifh c&pf,mefbmomponfh bmomw&m;

tm;vHk;onf aumif;jrwfaomt&mrsm;udk usifhBuH&ef oifMum;ay;onf/

odkYaomf ESpfaxmifaygif;rsm;pGm Mumjrifhaomtcg bmomw&m;tm;vHk;ü

rdef;rrsm;ukd cGJjcm;rIjzpfay:vmonf/ þodkYaom tjzpfrSuif;vGwfonfh

bmomw&m;[lí vHk;0r&Sdoavmufyif/


þae&mü uREkfyftaeESifh ar;csifaom ar;cGef;onfum; ]]usrf;*efrsm;ü

rnfonfh taMumif;t&mrsm; a&;om;xm;ygoenf;/ or®musrf;pm? uk&ftmef?

*Dw ponfh rnfonfh usrf;rsKd;jzpfjzpf? a&;om;azmfjyxm;aom taMumif;t&m

rsm;rSm ykdíta&;BuD;ygoavm/ vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif; vufawGUusifhoHk;rIonf

ykdíta&;BuD;ygoavm/}}

vufawGUusifhoHk;rIonf ykdí ta&;BuD;onf[k qkdvQif jrifhjrwfaom

usrf;*efrsm;jzpfonfh uk&ftmef? *Dw uJhokdYaomusrf;rsm;ü a&;om;xm;wJh

tcsufrsm;xuf ykdí ta&;BuD;ygayonf/

uREkfyfrS arQmfvifhvQuf&Sdaom tajzrSm usrf;*ef pmtkyfrsm;twGif;ü

a&;xm;onfhtaMumif;rsm;ukd ajymqdkaeMumjcif;xuf vufawGUusifhoHk;rIonf

ykdí ta&;BuD;ygonf qkdaomtcsufyif/

a'gufwmZmud&f/a'gufwmZmud&f/a'gufwmZmud&f/a'gufwmZmud&f/a'gufwmZmud&f/ /nDaemifrS ar;oGm;aom ar;cGef;onf t&rf;aumif;

ygonf/ ¤if;rS ajymMum; ar;jref;oGm;onfrSm ]]tm;vHk;aom bmomw&m;qdkif&m

usrf;*efawG[m aumif;jrwfaom t&mawGudkyJ ajymMum;xm;ygw,f/}} odkYaomf

,ckuREfkyfwkdYtaeESifh vlom;rsm;onf vlom;rsm;onf vlom;rsm;onf vlom;rsm;onf vlom;rsm;onf rnfonfhrnfonfhrnfonfhrnfonfhrnfonfh t&mrsm;udk vufawGUt&mrsm;udk vufawGUt&mrsm;udk vufawGUt&mrsm;udk vufawGUt&mrsm;udk vufawGU

vdkufemusifhoHk;aeMuvdkufemusifhoHk;aeMuvdkufemusifhoHk;aeMuvdkufemusifhoHk;aeMuvdkufemusifhoHk;aeMuygoenf;/ygoenf;/ygoenf;/ygoenf;/ygoenf;/ qdkaomtcsufudk pOf;pm;MunfhMuygpdkY/ ¤if;

taeESifh oabmw&m;a&;xuf ydkrkdí vufawGUusifhoHk;rIudk tav;ay;

oif hygonf[k ajymMum;cJ hygonf/ þtcsufESif h ywfoufí uREf kyf

(a'gufwmZmud&f)onf olESifh xyfwl oabmusygonf/

uREkfyfwkdYonf ,aeYrnfonfht&mrsm;udk usifhoHk;aeMuygoenf;/ ,aeY

uREfkyfa[majymwifjycJhovdk ajrmufrsm;pGmaom rGwfpvifrf vlYtzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh pGEéofawmfrS aoGznf,drf;,dkifaeMuygonf/ þae&mü

,aeYuREfkyfwkdY jyKvkyfaeMuonfrSm vlom;rsm;tm; usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh

pGEéofawmf\bufodkY eD;uyfvmatmif zdwfac:vQuf&Sdygonf/

ar;cGef;\ yxrykdif;wGif ]] tm;vHk;aom bmomw&m;rsm;onf

aumif;jrwfaomt&mrsm;udkom rdefYMum;xm;ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh bmomw&m;

rsm;\ usrf;*ef a'óemrsm;u ajymMum;aompum;rsm;taMumif;udk

ajymMum;jcif;onf toHk;r0ifawmhacs}} [k ¤if;yk*¾dKvfrS ajymMum;cJhygonf/


,if;tcsufudkum; uREfkyftaeESifh oabmrwlyg/ ]]tpövmrfESifh tjcm;

bmomw&m;rsm;rS jyqdkonfh trsdK;orD;orD;\ tqifhtwef;}}[laom

acgif;pOfESifh uREfkyfa[majym wifjycJhNyD;jzpfygonf/ uREkfyftaeESifh [dELbmom?

c&pf,mefbmom? *sL;bmomwdkYESifh EIdif;,SOfí tpövmrfbmomrSjyqdkaom

trsdK;orD;wkdY\ tqifhtwef;udk EIdif;,SOfwifjycJhNyD;jzpfygonf/ toifhtaeESifh

uREkfyf\ EIdif;,SOfwifjyrIudk wufa&mufí em;qifEkdifcJhonfqdkvQif ]]rnfonfh]]rnfonfh]]rnfonfh]]rnfonfh]]rnfonfh

bmomw&m;onf trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; tjrifhrm;qHk; tcGif hta&;rsm;?bmomw&m;onf trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; tjrifhrm;qHk; tcGif hta&;rsm;?bmomw&m;onf trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; tjrifhrm;qHk; tcGif hta&;rsm;?bmomw&m;onf trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; tjrifhrm;qHk; tcGif hta&;rsm;?bmomw&m;onf trsdK;orD;rsm;tm; tjrifhrm;qHk; tcGif hta&;rsm;?

(tqifhtwef;? *kPfodu©m rsm;) csD;jr§if hxm;onf}} (tqifhtwef;? *kPfodu©m rsm;) csD;jr§if hxm;onf}} (tqifhtwef;? *kPfodu©m rsm;) csD;jr§if hxm;onf}} (tqifhtwef;? *kPfodu©m rsm;) csD;jr§if hxm;onf}} (tqifhtwef;? *kPfodu©m rsm;) csD;jr§if hxm;onf}} qdkonfhtcsufukd oif

udk,fwkdif w&m;rQwpGmjzifh qHk;jzwfEkdifygonf/

tu,fí toifhtaeESif h tpövmrfonf trsdK;orD;rsm;tm;

tjrifhrm;qHk;tcGifhta&; (tqifhtwef;? *kPfodu©m)rsm;udk csD;jr§ifhxm;aMumif;

oDtdk&Dt& oabm wlnDonfqdkvQif uREkfyfwkdYtaeESifh ,if;oabmw&m;rsm;udk

vufawGU taumiftxnfazmf vkdufemusihfoHk;&efom vdkayonf/ vlwkdYonf

tcsdKUaom taMumif;t&if;rsm;udk wduspGmvkdufemusihfoHk;Muaomfvnf; tcsdKU

udkrlum; vdkufemusihfoHk;rI r&Sdao;acs/ Oyrmtm;jzifh --- tpövmrfhw&m;Oya'rS

qif;oufvmaom &mZ0wfrIqdkif&mjypfrIrsm;ESifh wdkif;oljynfom;rsm;\

tcGifhta&;udk aqmf'Dtpdk;&rS usihfoHk;vQuf&Sdygonf/ (tvf[rf;'kvdv’m[f)

csD;rGrf;jcif;taygif;wdkYonf tv’m[ft&SifjrwftzdkYomwnf;/

,if;uJhodkY usifhoHk;aeaom olwdkYonfyifvQif tcsdKUaomtcsufrsm;ü

usrf;jrwf uk&ftmefrS a0;uGmvQuf wdrf;,drf;rIrsm; &Sdaeygonf/ uREkfyfwdkY taeESifh

bmvkyfoifhoenf;/ aqmf'Dtpdk;&rS pHerlemtaeESifh usifhoHk;aeaom &mZ0wf

jypfrIqdkif&m tpövmrfh Oya'udk urÇmwpf0Srf; vdkufemusifhoHk;Ekdif&ef BudK;yrf;jzefYcsd

oifhayonf/ xkdYjyif toifhtaeESifh vlrIa&;qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;wGif tpövmrfh

Oya'udk vufawGUvdkufemusifhoHk;jcif;aMumifh taumif;qHk;jzpfaeonfqdkvQif

tjcm;urÇmwpf0Srf;&Sd EdkifiHrsm;wGif vkdufemusifhoHk;oifhayonf/ ,ck þae&mwGif

tb,fhaMumifh uREfkyfwdkY pkpnf;a&muf&Sd aeMu&oenf;/ nDaemifhtaeESifh

tpövmrfh w&m;Oya'tm; taumif;qHk; ,lqxm;vQif xkduJhodkYom jyKoifh

ygonf/ tu,fí uRekfyfwkd YtaeESifh vufawGU vdkufem usifhoHk;rIr&SdvQiftu,fí uRekfyfwkd YtaeESifh vufawGU vdkufem usifhoHk;rIr&SdvQiftu,fí uRekfyfwkd YtaeESifh vufawGU vdkufem usifhoHk;rIr&SdvQiftu,fí uRekfyfwkd YtaeESifh vufawGU vdkufem usifhoHk;rIr&SdvQiftu,fí uRekfyfwkd YtaeESifh vufawGU vdkufem usifhoHk;rIr&SdvQif

bmomw&m;onf rsufuef; rjzpfbJ uREkfyfwkd Yom rsufuef;jzpfoGm;bmomw&m;onf rsufuef; rjzpfbJ uREkfyfwkd Yom rsufuef;jzpfoGm;bmomw&m;onf rsufuef; rjzpfbJ uREkfyfwkd Yom rsufuef;jzpfoGm;bmomw&m;onf rsufuef; rjzpfbJ uREkfyfwkd Yom rsufuef;jzpfoGm;bmomw&m;onf rsufuef; rjzpfbJ uREkfyfwkd Yom rsufuef;jzpfoGm;


Muayrnf/Muayrnf/Muayrnf/Muayrnf/Muayrnf/ þtwGufaMumifhyif uREkfyfwdkYonf usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh ['D;qf

awmfrsm;udk rSefuefpGm em;vnf oabmaygufNyD;? rSefuefpGm vkdufemusifhoHk;Ekdif&ef

vlrsm;udk zdwfac:aejcif; jzpfygonf/ olwkdYonf usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh ['D;qf

awmfrsm;udk rSefuefpGm em;vnfoabmaygufrSomvQif vufawGU vdkufem

usifhoHk;Edkifayrnf/

pkdifrmum'f&D/pk difrmum'f&D/pk difrmum'f&D/pk difrmum'f&D/pk difrmum'f&D/ / / / / / twfpfvmrkdYtvkdif;uGef;rf/ tpövmrfü trsKd;orD;wrefawmf

(Prophets)rsm; tb,faMumifh r&Sd&ygoenf;/

a'gufwmZmud&f/a'gufwmZmud&f/a'gufwmZmud&f/a'gufwmZmud&f/a'gufwmZmud&f/ /////ESrawmfrS ar;cGef;wpfck ar;jref;vmygonf/ ,if;rSm

tpövmrfü trsKd;orD;wrefawmfrsm; (Prophets)tb,faMumifh r&Sd&ygoenf;/

toifhtaeESifh (Prophet)\ t"dyÜg,ftm; ]]vlom;wpfOD;onf 0[D]]vlom;wpfOD;onf 0[D]]vlom;wpfOD;onf 0[D]]vlom;wpfOD;onf 0[D]]vlom;wpfOD;onf 0[D

Asm'dwfawmftm; vufcH&&Sdonf/ xkd Y jyif vlom;rsm;ü OD;pD;acgif;aqmifAsm'dwfawmftm; vufcH&&Sdonf/ xkd Y jyif vlom;rsm;ü OD;pD;acgif;aqmifAsm'dwfawmftm; vufcH&&Sdonf/ xkd Y jyif vlom;rsm;ü OD;pD;acgif;aqmifAsm'dwfawmftm; vufcH&&Sdonf/ xkd Y jyif vlom;rsm;ü OD;pD;acgif;aqmifAsm'dwfawmftm; vufcH&&Sdonf/ xkd Y jyif vlom;rsm;ü OD;pD;acgif;aqmif

tjzpf vrf;ñTefrI tjzpf vrf;ñTefrI tjzpf vrf;ñTefrI tjzpf vrf;ñTefrI tjzpf vrf;ñTefrI jyKavonf}}jyKavonf}}jyKavonf}}jyKavonf}}jyKavonf}}[kqkdvkdvQif uREfkyfrS tpövmrfonf rnfonfh

trsKd;orD;wpfOD;wpfa,mufukdrQ wrefawmf (Prophets) rsm;tjzpf rcsD;jr§ifh

xm;yg[k tckdiftrmajymEkdifygonf/

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif a,mufsm;(trsKd;om;)onf rdom;pk\ tdrfaxmif

OD;pD;jzpfonf[k &Sif;&Sif; vif;vif; azmfjyxm;ayonf/ xkdYaMumifh rdom;pkwpfck

wGifawmif trsKd;om;rsm;onfom tdrfaxmifOD;pD;jzpfaomaMumifh trsKd;orD;

wpfa,muftaeESifh vlom;rsm;tm; tb,fuJhokdY OD;pD;OD;aqmifjyKEkdifrnfenf;/

'kwd,tykdif;ukdqkd&aomf (Prophets) wrefawmfwpfyg;onf rjyKrae&

z&foGfqGvmwfrsm;ukd OD;aqmif0wfjyK&ayrnf/ xkdYaMumifh uREkfyfta&SUykdif;ü

a[majymwifjycJhouJhokdY trsKd;orD;wrefawmfrsm;onf ud,rf(rwfwyf&yfjcif;)?

½lul (OD;ñGwfjcif;)? pk*sL'f(ysyf0yfOD;csjcif;)wkdYukd a&SUrSaeí jyKrlrnfqkdygu aemuf

zufü qGvmwf0wfjyKaqmufwnfolrsm;wGif taESmifht,SufjzpfoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/

wrefawmfrsm;taeESifh tajctae t&yf&yfaMumifh trsKd;om;rsm;ESifh

awGUqHk&ayrnf/ tu,fí trsKd;orD;wpfOD;onf wrefawmfjzpfrnfqkdygu

(tb,fuJhokdY wpfpdrf;trsKd;om;rsm;ESifh a&maESm qufqHEkdifrnfenf;/) taMumif;

rlum; tpövmrfü usm;?r a&maESmaexkdifrIukd cGifhrjyKay/ wrefawmfrsm;onf

trsKd;orD;wpfOD;jzpfrnfqkdvQif tu,fí ,if;trsKd;orD;ü trsKd;orD;obm0

ukd,f0ef&Sdaernfqkdygu ¤if;onf ]v}tenf;i,f ¤if;\ wm0efrsm;ukd


xrf;aqmifEkdifvdrfhrnfr[kwf/ xkdYjyif ,if;trsKd;orD;ü om;orD;rsm;&Sdae

rnfqkdvQif ¤if;onf rdcifwpfa,muf\ wm0efrsm;ukd xrf;aqmif&ouJhokdY

wrefawmfrsm;\ wm0efrsm;ukd xrf;aqmif&ef cJ,Of;ayvdrfhrnf/ trsKd;orD;

wpfa,mufü rdcifwm0efrsm;ukd xrf;aqmif&if; wrefawmf\ wm0efrsm;ukd

xrf;aqmif&ef cJ,Of;aomfvnf; trsKd;om;wpfa,mufrSmrl ¤if;\ zcif

wm0efrsm;ukd xrf;aqmifvsuf wrefawmfwpfyg;\ wm0efrsm;ukdvnf;

xrf;aqmifEkdifayonf/

okdYaomf toifhtaeESifh Prophet \ t"dyÜg,ftm; a&G;cs,fjcif;

cH&aomol? jrifhjrwfoefY&Sif;ol[k qkdvkdygvQif tpövmrfwGif trsKd;orD; wrefawmf

Oyrmrsm;pGm&Sdygonf/ uREkfyftaeESifh ñTef;qkdvkdonfh taumif;qHk; OyrmrSm

bDbDr&f,mrfyifjzpfygonf/ tDrf&mrfrsKd;EG,fu@? usrf;ydk'f (42)wGif

]wzef (owd&Muavukef) w&Ha&mtcg? rvmtdu[f aumif;uif apwrefrsm;u

(r&f,rf ocifrtm;) tdk-]]r&f,rf}} rkcs{uef tv’m[ftoQifjrwfonf

toifhtm; a&G;cs,fajr§mufpm;awmf rlcJh avNyD/ rESpfNrdKUbG,f&maom tMumif;

t&mrsm;rSvnf; uif;&Sif;ap awmfrlcJhavNyD/ 4if;tjyif (,ckwzef) toifhtm;

pMum0|m taygif;&Sd trsdK;orD;rsm;wGifvnf; a&G;cs,fajr§mufpm;awmfrlcJh avNyD

[k ajymMum;cJhMuavonf/} (3;42)

toifhtaeESifh Prophet\ t"dyÜg,ftm; a&G;cs,fjcif;cH&aomol? jrifhjrwf

oefY&Sif;ol[kem;vnfxm;vQif uREkfyfwkdYwGif wrefawmf tDqm(�)\ r,fawmf

bDbDr&f,mrf (�)\ Oyrm&Sdygonf/ toifonf jrpfwm;jcif;u@? usrf;ydk'f

(11)ukd zwf½I MunfhrnfqkdvQif

]] xdkenf;wlpGm tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf ]]rktfrifef}} ouf0if ,kHMunfMu

ukefaomolwdkY\ tusKd;iSm ]zpf&fatmifef}\ ZeD;Muif&mudk Oyrmtjzpf cdkif;EdIif;

rdefYMum;awmfrlcJh\/ wpf&Ha&mtcg0,f xdk ]zpf&f atmifef}\ ZeD;Muif&monf

(þodkY) avQmufxm;yefMum;cJhav\/ tdk-uRefawmfrsKd;rtm; zefqif;arG;jrLawmf

rlaomt&Sif? t&Sifjrwf onf rdrdxHawmfyg;ü ]*sEéwf}okcbkHwGif uRefawmfrsKd;rtzdkY

aetdrf wpfvkH;udk jyKvkyfí ay;oem;awmfrlyg/ 4if;jyif t&Sifjrwfonf

uRefawmfrsKd;rtm; ]zpf&fatmifef} ESif h 4if;\tusifhtrlwdk YrS vGwfajrmuf

apawmfrlyg/ xdkrSwpfyg; t&Sifjrwfonf uRefawmfrsKd;rtm; rw&m;aom


trsKd;om;wdkYrSvnf; vGwfajrmufapawmfrlyg/ (66;11)

pOf;pm;Munfhprf;yg/ ocifrBuD;onf ,if;acwf ,if;tcgü tiftm;

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4/ [zfqm[fAif;efaoh tkr&fAif;ef tvfcwwf(Af) (((((g)))))

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(�)onf ocifrBuD;(g)ukd [pf*s&wfvkyfNyD; (3)ESpf tMumwGif vufxyfcJhonf/


5/ Zkdifewf(Af) Aif;efaoh ckdZkdif;rm;[f (((((g)))))

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jzpfNyD; ocifrBuD;\ ausmfMum;aomemrnfrSm tGrGwfvfrqmuD;ef jzpfonf/

tb,faMumifhqkdaomf Zkdifewf(Af)ocifr(g)onf r&Sdqif;&Jom;rsm;ukd

tvGefoem;Muifemí *½kdpkdufaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ ocifrBuD;onf tl[k'f

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csay;cJh\/

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vufxyf xdrf;jrm;cJhonf/


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xkdYaMumifh olrwkdYtm; trsm;ykdifypönf; jzpfvmjcif;rS wm;qD;&eftwGufvnf;aumif;?

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aexkdifí &rnfr[kwfay/ taMumif;rlum; ¤if;wkdYonf aoG;&if;om;&if;

armifESrt&if;tcsmrsm; r[kwfjcif;aMumifhyifwnf;/

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a&mufaomtcg tdrfaxmifjyKrnf/ þae&mwGifvnf; taz[kac:qkdaeaom

toifESifh toifhacR;r\tMum;wGif [d*smAfvkdayonf/ aemufxyfvnf;

taMumif;jycsufrsm;pGm &Sdayao;onf/ tu,fí toifhü arG;pm;uav;


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ESpfvkdzG,f&maumif;aom pum;wGif;ü toifonf uGm&Sif;jywfpJjcif;cH&aom

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rnfolrS xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&rnfenf;/

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jzpfonf/ tu,fí olr\ zcifESifh tpfukd armifrsm;rS olrtm; apmifha&Smuf


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olr\ aqGrsKd;om;csif;rsm;rS apmifha&SmufEkdifpGrf;r&SdygvQif olrukd xdef;odrf;

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onf[kqkdvQif þae&mwGif vG,fulacsmarGUapaomtcsufukd cGifhjyKxm;aMumif;

oifhtaeESifh od&SdEkdifayrnf/

tu,fí toifhtaeESifh qG[D;[GvfAkdcg&Dusrf;tm; zwf½IrnfqkdvQif

]]trsKd;orD;rsm;\ ajcaxmufrsm; (ajcovHk;rsm;)ukdyif jrif&ayonf}}[k

azmfjyxm;onfukd awGU&ayrnf/ omrmeftm;jzifh ajcaxmuf(ajcovHk;rsm;)

onf zHk;tkyfxm;ayrnf/ xkdYaMumifh tpövmrfrS wkdufyGJppfajrjyifwGif trsKd;orD;

rsm;onf jrif;rsm;ukd pD;eif;rIaMumifh olrwkdY\ ajcovHk;rsm;ukd jrif&jcif;ukd

vkdufavsmrIjyKxm;ayonf/ xkdYaMumifh tpövmrfrS tenf;i,f oufn§mrI

jyKxm;ayonf/ okdYaomf tar&duef ppfwyftwGif;ü usm;?r a&maESmqufqHrI

ukdrlum; cGifhrjyKxm;ay/ ,if; tar&duef ppfwyfrsm;taeESifh tpövmrf0wfpHk

ukwftusÐuJhokdYaom tpövmrfhukd,fusifh odu©mrsm;ukd xdef;odrf;xm;&Sdaeayonf/


B.A(Geo) ,B.Ed, M.Ed, Ph.D,(Edn)

(Tsukuba University, Japan),Diploma in Diyah(Al-Azahar, Yangon)

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ *½kPmawmfjzifh [pf*s&Douú&mZf (1428)ckESpf?

&rfoGmrfvjrwf? (19) &uf/ c&pfouú&mZf (2007) ckESpf? pufwifbmv (30)&uf?

we*FaEGaeY ? n (11)em&DcefYwGif jrefrmjyefqdkNyD;pD;ygonf/


udk;um;aom tm&ADusrf;rsm;

(1) usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef

(2) ozfpD;a&U tAfaeY uqD;&f

(3) qG[D;[f Akcg&D

(4) qG[D;[f rGwfpfvifrf

(5) pGefElef; tAfrm*sm[f

(6) rGwfpfeof t[fr'f

(7) t&f&[D;ukvf rcfol;rf

udk;um;aom t*Fvdyfusrf;rsm;

1. The Holy Quran,Text,Translation and Commentary byAbdullah Yusuf Ali

2. Oxford Dictionary

3. Webster's Distionary

4. Transalation of the Noble Quran

By Muhammad Asad

5. Report By the FBI in 1990

6. Report of 'New Week' which was published on 17th of March1980.

udk;um;aom jrefrmusrf;rsm;

(1) usrf;awmfjrwfuk&ftmef (jrefrmbmomjyef) yxrwGJ 'kwd,wGJ? (z[f'f

bk&if uk&ftmefusrf;jrwf yHkESdyfwdkuf? ptl'D tma&;AD;,m; EkdifiH

(2) ,k'óef? xm0&bk&m;\ or®musrf;?

or®musrf;pmtoif;? &efukef? 1965/

(3) t*Fvdyf-jrefrm tbd"mef? jrefrmpmtzGJU


q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;\

xkwfa0NyD;aompmtkyfrsm;

1/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifhacwfopfodyÜH 2004

2/ urÇmt"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifh

udk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq 2005

3/ tpövmrfESifhacwfopfb0 2006

4/ tpövmrfhvlaerIpepftwGif;rS

trsKd;om;ESifhtrsKd;orD; 2007

5/ tpövmrfrSjyqdkaomtrsKd;orD;tcGifhta&; 2008

qufvufxkwfa0jzefYcsdrnfhpmtkyf

6/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef ESifh acwfopfodyÜH

0da&m"djzpfjcif;avm? o[Zmwjzpfjcif;avm

women's rights in islamwoman's rights in islam edited by maulawi muhammad yasinn bin...

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