WMO-SPICE Update and Link to CCRN

Daqing Yang and Craig SmithNational Hydrology Research Center

Saskatoon, SKSpringer book project:

Arctic Hydrology, Permafrost, and Ecosystem: Linkages and Interactions

Editors: Daqing Yang, Doug Kane, Rikie Suzuki

WMO-SPICE Update and Link to CCRN

Daqing Yang and Craig SmithNational Hydrology Research Center

Saskatoon, SK

Springer book project:Arctic Hydrology, Permafrost, and Ecosystem:

Linkages and Interactions

Editors: Daqing Yang, Doug Kane, Rikie Suzuki

Objectives• Define field references using automatic instruments

• Characterize current operational and emerging automatic instrumentsmeasuring snow

gauge/shield combination for different collection conditions/climates sources and magnitude of errors

• Derive adjustment methods as a function of wind, temperature, and precip type

• Assess the minimum practicable temporal resolution for reporting a valid snow measurement

• Produce a comprehensive intercomparison dataset for validating remote sensing techniques

WMO SOLID PRECIPITATION INTERCOMPARISON EXPERIMENT

(WMO-SPICE)2012-2015

SPICE Participating Sites15 countries hosting a total of 20 field sites;

Australia, Chile, Canada, Finland, France, Italy (Nepal), Japan, Korea, Norway, New Zealand, Russia, Poland, Switzerland, Spain, USA.

4

Site locations:10 Alpine1 Arctic6 Continental3 Coastal

Belfort Instrument Company36000-1DDH

MPS SystemsTRwS204

Meteoservis v.o.sMRW500

GEONOR AST-200B3(600 mm)

GEONOR AST-200BM3(1500mm)

OTT Hydromet GmbHPluvio2 200cm2

Snow Hydro Limited All-Weather

Precipitation Gauge -NOAH II

NIMH BulgariaSutron TPG-0001

Participating Instruments: Weighing Gauges

CAE S. p. A PMB25R

Meteoservis v.o.s & ZAMG MR3H-FC

Environmental Measurements Ltd.

UPG1000

Snow Hydro Limited TB3

AdolfThies GmbH&Co KG

Precipitation Transmitter

Hydrological Services America

TBH/TBH-LP

MTX s.r.lFAK015AA

Participating Instruments: Heated Tipping Buckets

OTT Hydromet GmbHPARSIVEL2

Campbell Scientific PWS100

AdolfThies GmbH&Co KGLaser Precipitation Monitor

Droplet Measurement TechnologiesMeteorological Particle Sensor

Non-Catchment type Instruments

7

Vaisala PWD33

YES Hot Plate

Campbell Scientific

SR50ATH-316SS

Felix Technologies

SL300

Hydrological Services America:Sommer GmbH & Co KG

USH-8

ESW GmbH

Jenoptik

Snow Water Equivalent

Campbell ScientificCS725

Snow Depth and SWE Instruments

8

Canada

Bratt’s Lake

CARE

Caribou Creek (H02)

Environment Canada’s WMO-SPICE Sites

Bratt’s Lake

Caribou Creek

Preliminary results: Cumulative Precip (mm)

DFIR vs. Bush: scatter plots and regression

Catch ratio vs. wind speed

SWE

Duck Lake Geolysimetre

Precip gauge notadjusted for wind

Arctic P correction and datasetYang et al, GRL, 2005

Geonor snowfall correction, Kenaston, SK

Spice special issue/TC-HESS-AMT/EGU

WMO Solid Precipitation InterComparison Experiment (WMO-SPICE) and its applications

tc-2015-59 Submitted on 07 Mar 2015 Research articlePrecipitation measurement intercomparison in the Qilian Mountains, Northeastern Tibetan PlateauR. Chen, J. Liu, E. Kang, Y. Yang, C. Han, Z. Liu, Y. Song, W. Qing, and P. Zhu

hess-2015-96 Submitted on 13 Mar 2015 Research articleUncertainty Analysis for Evaluating the Accuracy of Snow Depth MeasurementsJ.-E. Lee, G.W. Lee, M. Earle, and R. Nitu

tc-2015-102 Submitted on 08 Jun 2015 Research articleInconsistency in Precipitation Measurements across Alaska and Yukon BorderL. Scaff, D. Yang, Y. Li, and E. Mekis

Arctic hydrology, permafrost, and ecosystem: linkages and interactions

Daqing Yang, Douglas Kane, Rikie Suzuki (Editors)

Tentative Table of Contents

Section 1: Introduction

• Arctic hydrology, permafrost and ecosystem / arctic system key components

• Climate change, variability, and extremes - past and future

• Snow cover and impact to northern hydrology /ecology

• Greenland ice sheet and arctic mountain glaciers

Section 2: Hydrology

• Streamflow regimes and changes/climate impact and human effect • River/lake water temperature and thermal regimes • River sediment/biogeochemistry and flux transport to the ocean • Lakes/wetlands - linkages and dynamics • Lake and river ice processes

Section 3: Permafrost and seasonal frozen ground

• Permafrost classification and distribution • Ground temperature regimes and changes/impacts • Climate effect to regional permafrost conditions • Permafrost-hydrology linkages/feedbacks • Permafrost-ecology interactions

Section 4: Ecosystems

• Northern ecosystem features and functions • Arctic NDVI patterns and changes including climatic and hydrological effects • Land scape evolution/changes and factors • Forest fires and impacts • Northern eco-hydrology research needs and directions

Section 5: Linkage and integration

• Atmosphere-land interface o Atmospheric moisture transport o Precipitation distribution and change o ET Processes

• Land-ocean interface: large deltas and estuaries o River freshwater input o River energy flux o River sediment, nutrient and other geochemistry transport o Arctic coast erosion and land-fast ice o Extreme events/case study

• Arctic system integration – modelling, remote sensing, and synthesis o Regional climate models o Cold region hydrology models o Snow models, including snow/ice albedo and black carbon o Permafrost models o Vegetation models o Coupled models for multiple components o Earth system models – climate/land linkage to the ocean and sea ice o Future trajectory of arctic system evolution

Appendix: Current and future arctic system science programs/projects

o SEARCH o ICARP-III o AMAP- arctic freshwater synthesis o AC SWIPA update o NASA/AboVE o CCRN o GCW o Satellite missions – SWOT/SMAP/GPM/other???/ o NGEE o GRENE-Arctic o CliC arctic research