(wjs) - techav

WELDED JOINTS & SYMBOLS (WJS)

Learner Guide

TABLE OF CONTENTS ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE FOR WELDERS PAGE 1 LEARNERS INSTRUCTIONS PAGE 2 PROGRAMME 1 - WJS-1 RESOURCE NOTES PART 1 - TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS PAGE 4 PART 2 - BASIC JOINT CONFIGURATIONS (TYPES) PAGE 5 PART 3 - JOINT GEOMETRY / GROOVE PROFILES (EDGE PREPARATIONS) PAGE 6 GROOVE PROFILE INFORMATION PAGE 7 SELF TEST NO. 1 PAGE 11 PROGRAMME 2 - WJS-2 RESOURCE NOTES WELDING SYMBOLS PAGE 16 SUGGESTION FOR PRACTICAL EXCERCISE PAGE 18 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION PAGE 19 SELF TEST NO. 2 PAGE 22 TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS PAGE 24 MODEL ANSWERS SELF TEST NO. 1 PAGE 26 MODEL ANSWERS SELF TEST NO. 2 PAGE 30

CONTACT DETAILS: https://techav.co.za

[email protected]

https://techav.co.za/

mailto:[email protected]

Back to Table of Contents 1

ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE FOR WELDERS INTRODUCTION This learning module consists of the following resource material:

1. This Learner Guide. 2. Video programmes. 3. 3 x Wall Charts.

OBJECTIVES (Purpose of this material) The objective of this learning program is to equip you with essential job knowledge required in a fabrication and welding environment. PURPOSE STATEMENT (What you will learn) During this series of programmes (modules) you will learn:

o To use correct terminology when describing welds. o To identify the characteristics of the two weld types. o To identify the 5 basic weld joint configurations (Types). o To identify basic edge preparations. o To interpret basic welding symbols in accordance to the American Welding Society

(AWS) specifications. LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE (What you should already know)

o Knowledge of relevant Safety Health and Environmental legislative issues. o Correct safe operational procedures with regard to power tools as well as for

welding and cutting processes. o Identify ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys. o Interpret engineering drawings.

LEARNING OUTCOMES (What you will be able to do after completing the learning programme) Identify, interpret and describe, using the correct terminology, the following items associated primarily with Manual Metal Arc Welding Processes,

1. The 2 basic weld types. 2. The 5 common joint types. 3. The basic profiles used in edge preparation of members to be welded. 4. AWS welding symbols found on engineering / fabrication drawings.


LEARNERS INSTRUCTIONS (How to use this Learning aid) Step 1 - Read the Resource Notes and follow any written instructions. Step 2 - View the relevant video section (where applicable). Step 3 - Complete any "Self-Test Exercise" (as applicable). Step 4 - Have your Mentor/ Facilitator assess your work. At the end of the learning section you will find supplementary information not necessarily covered within the video presentations.


WELDING TERMINOLOGY, JOINT TYPES AND WELD GEOMETRY (VIDEO WJS -1)

PROGRAMME 1 - WJS-1 In this programme you will learn:

1. Important terms associated with conventional manual metal arc welding processes. 2. Basic joint configurations used for welding steel components with the Shielded

Metal Arc Welding process. 3. Joint Geometry / Groove profiles.

INSTRUCTIONS

1. Read the Resource note for this section which begin on the following page. 2. View the video for this section. 3. Complete the self -test exercise at the end of this programme.

YOU WILL NEED

1. This learner guide. 2. Tech AV video programme WJS-1.


RESOURCE NOTES VIDEO WJS-1

PART 1 - TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS It is of paramount importance that you the Learner are conversant with proper terminology and definitions before attempting to work with Welding Specifications and Procedures. NOTE Terminology and definitions discussed in this section are in accordance with the American Welding Society (AWS). Being a welder involves more than an ability to strike an arc and making a neat weld. A good welder has a thorough understanding of how metals become "joined" together and the ability to recognise critical features of a weld. As you are aware a weld is a critical element in the joining of structures and that in many instances there can be severe stresses and strains inherent within a weldment or adjacent members. It follows therefore that, as earlier mentioned, there is more to welding than just depositing a "good looking bead!" Your ability to identify desirable features and to follow instructions given in welding procedure specifications (WPS) is of prime importance. There are 2 basic weld types associated with (MMAW) Manual Metal Arc Welding processes namely, groove welds and fillet welds. The terminology and features associated with these welds are commonly used by design engineers and inspection authorities when specifying quality and strength in a joint and when determining and describing weld failure.


PART 2 - BASIC JOINT CONFIGURATIONS( TYPES) Whenever separate metal "members" are brought together or "fitted-up", a joint of a certain form will be made. There are essentially 5 types of joints and each is illustrated in the video.

1. BUTT JOINT A joint between two members lying approximately in the same plane. A butt joint may be closed (no root gap) or open (root gap present).

2. CORNER JOINT A joint between two members located approximately at right angles to each other in the form of a corner.

3. EDGE JOINT A joint between the edges of two or more parallel or mainly parallel members.

4. LAP JOINT A joint between two overlapping members.

5. TEE JOINT A joint between two members located approximately at right angles to each other in the form of a T.


PART 3 - JOINT GEOMETRY / GROOVE PROFILES (EDGE PREPARATIONS) The term "joint geometry" refers to the shape and dimensions of a joint, in cross section, before it is welded. The edges of metal members to be joined are always prepared to a particular shape before welding takes place and when these members are brought together or "fitted up" the result is the formation of a groove which, when viewed in cross section, clearly reveals the shape or "profile" of the groove. Edge preparation facilitates "penetration" and maximum strength of the weld. Grooves may be prepared in a variety of standard "profiles" which are shown in the DVD. GROOVE TYPE SELECTION CRITERIA There is no "rule of thumb" with regard to the selection of any particular groove profile preparation, however, the following considerations will influence any decision made by the designer:

o Welding accessibility. o Heat input and distribution (Material type, thickness etc.). o Welding process to be used. o Strength and stiffness requirements. o Productivity and cost effectiveness. o Welding position. o Distortion control. o Availability of equipment and resources.

GROOVE -PROFILE PREPARATION METHODS The following equipment is commonly used in fabrication workshops for edge preparation;

o Manual oxy-fuel cutting apparatus (Cutting torch). o Oxy-fuel straight line cutting machines. o Profile cutting machines. o Oxy-fuel and air arc gouging apparatus. o Power saws. o Shaping machines. o Milling machines.

Generally any groove joint that incorporates a radius on the bevel face (e.g. "U" & "J" preparations) needs to be machined, which result in higher production costs.


GROOVE PROFILE INFORMATION

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 1. SQUARE GROOVE (BUTT JOINT)

Advantages: Cost savings, due to very little edge preparation and the deposition of a relatively small amount of weld metal.

Disadvantages: This type of joint has a limited load carrying capacity due to incomplete penetration of the parent metal.

Application: Closed butt joints sometimes used for material with a maximum thickness of 3 mm and the open configuration for material with a thickness of up to 6 mm.

2. SINGLE V GROOVE Advantages: The main advantage of the single-V preparation is that it is

relatively inexpensive and easy to prepare. The inclusive angle of the bevel faces (α) must be adequate to enable the Welder to reach the root of the weld joint. The root face allows for sufficient heat dissipation from the root of the weld and prevents misalignment of the plates caused by transverse shrinking forces during the cooling of the weld metal.

Disadvantages: Distortion may pose a problem due to the fact that except for the sealing run, all weld metal is deposited from one side of the joint. On parent metal with a thickness exceeding 20 mm, this type of preparation may be found uneconomical due to the high volume of required weld filler metal. To prevent excessive penetration or burn through of the root, it is important to keep the size of the root gap (g) to a minimum and the size of the root face (s) in accordance to drawing specification. A fairly high level of skill is required from the Welder to deposit sound root runs and caution should be taken with the intermediate cleaning process to avoid defects such as slag entrapment.

Application: This preparation method provides full penetration butt welds on parent metal with a thickness (t) exceeding 4 mm. Back-gouging of the root run and the deposition of a sealing run may be necessary under certain circumstances.

3. DOUBLE V (BUTT JOINT)

Advantages: This joint preparation requires less weld metal than the single-V method and, because the joint is welded from both sides, distortion can be controlled by using a balanced welding sequence.


Disadvantages: Joint needs to be accessible from both sides. The amount of work required for this preparation method may have a negative influence on economics.

Application: This preparation method is suitable for plate thickness in the range of between 20 mm to 38 mm.

4. SINGLE -V BUTT JOINT WITH BACKING

Advantages: Full penetration can be attained, and distortion be controlled, because the joint is accessible to the Welder from both sides. A smaller amount of weld metal is required and this preparation method is more economical than the double-V configuration.

Disadvantages: The unprepared side of the joint usually has greater heat dissipation capacity than the prepared side and this may result in lack of fusion. For high efficiency joints, back gouging of the root and the deposition of a sealing run may be required. In highly restrained corner joints on thick plates, lamella tearing may occur in the unprepared section of the joint.

Application: Full penetration welds in T and corner joints, welded from both sides.

Typical Dimensions: Included angle of V preparation (groove angle) (α) = 20˚ - 45˚ Root gap = 6 - 10 mm Root face = 0 mm

5. SINGLE BEVEL Advantages: In this joint configuration only one member (edge) is bevelled

to attain a groove into which the weld metal is deposited. Significantly less weld metal is required to fill the prepared groove, compared to the single-V preparation, and this has a positive effect on productivity and cost effectiveness.

Disadvantages: The unprepared side of the joint usually has much greater heat dissipation capacity than the prepared side and may result in a lack of fusion. For high efficiency joints back gouging of the


root and the deposition of a sealing run may be required. In highly restrained corner joints on thick plates, lamella tearing may occur in the unprepared section of the joint. The amount of required filler metal becomes uneconomical on material thicker than 20mm.

Application: This preparation method can be utilised to make full penetration butt and corner joints. Welding difficulties caused by gravitational forces can be overcome by using the single bevel preparation method.

6. DOUBLE BEVEL Advantages: Full penetration can be attained, and distortion be controlled,

because the joint is accessible to the Welder from both sides. A smaller amount of weld metal is required and this preparation method is more economical than the double-V configuration.

Disadvantages: The unprepared side of the joint usually has greater heat dissipation capacity than the prepared side and this may result in a lack of fusion. For high efficiency joints, back gouging of the root and the deposition of a sealing run may be required. In highly restrained corner joints on thick plates, lamella tearing may occur in the unprepared section of the joint.

Application: Full penetration welds in T and corner joints, welded from both sides.

7. SINGLE U Advantages: The "U" preparation requires less weld metal than a single-V

groove preparation on similar thickness material, due to the use of a reduced groove angle (α). The latter also alleviate distortion because less weld metal means less heat is introduced into the weld. The radius (r) offers better accessibility for the Welder into the root of the joint compared to a V preparation.

Disadvantages: For high efficiency joints, back-gouging of the root and the deposition of a sealing run may be required. This preparation method is not recommended for material with a thickness of less than 20 mm and might be uneconomical in certain cases because of expensive machining processes. The Welder must take care to avoid problems such as incomplete side-wall fusion due to the use of reduced groove angles.

Application: The "U" preparation is suitable for material with a thickness of between 20 mm and 38 mm.


8. DOUBLE U Advantages: The same advantages apply as for the single -U preparation.

Distortion can be controlled with the use of a balanced welding sequence.

Disadvantages: This preparation method is not suitable for material with a thickness of less than 38 mm.

Application: The double -U preparation is suitable for material with a thickness of 38 mm and above.

9. SINGLE J Advantages: The volume of weld metal required is less than for a single-U

configuration. Disadvantages: Lack of fusion in the root due to the difference in heat

dissipation capacity on each side of the joint. Lack of side-wall fusion may be encountered if the groove angle (α) is not large enough to allow sufficient electrode accessibility.

Application: This preparation method is used for full penetration welds in T and corner joint configurations.

10. DOUBLE J Advantages: Full penetration can be attained and distortion be controlled

because the joint is accessible to the Welder from both sides. Disadvantage: Similar to the single-J preparation Application: Full penetration welds in T and corner joints, welded from both

sides. In the next programme (WJS-2) you will see how the information contained in this programme is transferred to a typical welding or fabrication drawing through the use of "welding symbols".

NOW VIEW VIDEO NO. 1 AND THEN COMPLETE SELF-TEST EXERCISE WJS NO. 1.



SELF TEST - WJS NO. 1 INSTRUCTIONS o Answer the questions below without reference to your notes or the video. o Have your Facilitator / Mentor check your work.

QUESTION (Tick appropriate answer/s) YES NO

1. The terms given to the metal to be welded are: a) Basic metal / Relative metal. b) Base metal / Parent metal. c) Raw metal / Refined metal.

2. What is the basic definition for the fusion of metals? a) The adhesion of metals due to the addition of filler metal. b) The melting and mixing together of metals resulting in

coalescence. c) The strengthening of metals through the application of an

electric arc.

3. The two types of weld in MMAW are: a) Groove or Butt weld and Fillet weld. b) But weld and Groove weld. c) Bead weld and Groove or Fillet weld.


4. Fill in the features of the Groove weld.

5. Fill in the features of the Fillet weld that differ from those of the Groove weld.

6. A continuous weld can be described as one that: a) Is unbroken along the length of the joint. b) Continuous all around the joint. c) Continuous for a short distance and then breaks.


7. An intermittent weld is one that: a) Jumps from side to side on the joint. b) Is deposited at evenly spaced intervals. c) Is deposited in irregular sections along the joint.

8. Weld pitch is best explained as being: a) The distance between centres of sequential intermittent

welds. b) The width of a weld segment. c) The distance between the end of one weld and the start of

the next.

9. List the 5 basic types of joints i) _______________________________________________ ii) _______________________________________________ iii) _______________________________________________ iv) _______________________________________________ v) _______________________________________________

10. The primary purpose of grooving metal edges, is to: a) Facilitate full penetration of filler material and create joint

strength. b) Offer more space for extra filler material. c) Provide a smooth surface.

11. The method of edge preparation is normally specified by; a) The Welding Specification Procedure. b) The drawing instructions. c) Provide a smooth surface.


12. Fill in the missing labels on the diagram:

13. What are the two dimensions shown in the diagram? Fill in the labels.

HAVE YOUR FACILITATOR OR MENTOR CHECK YOUR RESPONSES BEFORE YOU MOVE ON TO PROGRAMME WJS-2.


WELDING SYMBOLS (VIDEO WJS-2)

PROGRAMME 2 - VIDEO WJS-2 In this programme you will learn:

1. How to read (decipher) welding symbols standardised by the American Welding Society (AWS).

INSTRUCTIONS

1. Read the Resource note for this section beginning on the following page. 2. View the video for this section (WJS-2). 3. Attempt to complete the self-test exercise for this programme.

YOU WILL NEED

1. Tech AV video programme WJS -2. 2. Wall Chart WJS-WC-3.

BEGIN THIS SECTION BY READING THE NOTES THAT BEGIN ON THE FOLLOWING PAGE.


RESOURCE NOTES VIDEO WJS-2

1. THE BASIC WELDING SYMBOL In programme No.1 you learnt how to identify physical welds and joints. In this programme you will learn how to identify these features when they are represented in a "fabrication drawing" in the form of "welding symbols". To read a drawing, you must know how engineers use lines, dimensions, and symbols to communicate their ideas on paper. Welding symbols are used on a drawing to specify, amongst other things, where welds are to be located, the type of joint to be used, as well as detail concerning the filler metal to be deposited in the joint. The welding symbols that you will see in this programme have been standardised by the American Welding Society (AWS). You will come across these symbols whenever you do a welding job from a professional fabrication drawing. You should have a working knowledge of the basic weld symbols in order to produce the specified weld within any given joint. In the illustration below you see how, according to the American Welding Society (AWS), a welding symbol is constructed and where the various "elements" within the symbol must be placed. These elements will be explained in the DVD.

AWS WELDING SYMBOL


DRAWINGS

Figure 1 - Example of an Orthographic drawing The majority of engineering drawings are produced in "orthographic projection" (Example Fig.1 )." This type of Drawing offers views from each side or "plane", most usually a front view, a right-side view and a top view. You should be familiar with this method of drawing representation. Fabrication drawings are most commonly represented in orthographic views. Occasionally you may get "lucky" and be offered an "isometric view" or a "3 dimensional sketch" of the component that you must weld. (Example - Fig.2), You now have a much clearer idea of the shape and proportion of the finished article. Either way, when welding symbols are placed onto the drawings there are certain "conventions" that must be observed.

Figure 2 - Example of an Isometric Drawing


SUGGESTION FOR PRACTICAL EXERCISE When you have viewed the DVD it is suggested that you ask your Facilitator / Mentor to show you a typical fabrication drawing. Study the drawing and take particular note of any welding symbols that appear. See if you are able to interpret the symbols. Don't forget that a wall chart is available to assist you in deciphering symbols on the drawing.

NOW VIEW VIDEO NO. 2 (WSJ-2) AND THEN CONTINUE READING THIS LEARNER GUIDE.



SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION We include here extra data that you may find helpful in assisting you to decipher welding symbols more precisely.

1. STANDARDS OTHER THAN AWS It is a fact that the American Welding Society's standards are by far the most usually encountered. It is also a fact that most other countries have based their standards around the AWS system. There is however one notable break from AWS conventions in the method of depicting the "side" of a reference line, and this occurs with the European EN 22553 standard. Solid Line = Arrow side Dashed Line = Other side

EN 22553 With the EN standard information regarding the arrow side is placed upon the solid line. Information regarding the other side is placed on the dashed line. Note that the dashed line may appear above or below the solid reference line. Regarding the "Field Weld Symbol" this too may differ. On drawings produced outside of the USA you may see a solid circle placed at the arrow break point. This is another method of depicting the "Field-Weld" or the "Weld on Site" symbol (Instead of a flag).

Field-Weld Symbol (Not weld all round)

2. TAIL REFERENCES It is mentioned in the video that information contained in a tail often refers to a process or method. Offered below is a list of typical process related references (letter designations) that may be used within a tail.


The following suffixes may be used to indicate the application method of a welding or a cutting process, including:


Other typical references sometimes contained within a tail include: Back Gouge This is a “process instruction”. See Data – A This directs you to read notes contained on a drawing or within an instruction sheet.

SELF-TEST EXERCISE WJS NO.2 - OVER PAGE.


SELF TEST NO. 2 INSTRUCTIONS

o Answer the questions below without reference to your notes or the video. o Have your Facilitator / Mentor check your work.

QUESTION (Tick the appropriate answer/s) YES NO

1. The main purpose of a “Welding Symbol” is: a) To show you where to place a weld. b) To show you how to weld a joint. c) To give full instruction regarding preparation and welding at a

given joint.

2. Data placed below the reference line indicates: a) That you must attend to the joint at the back of the work. b) That you must attend to the arrow side of the joint. c) That you must attend to the other side of the joint.

3. A weld or a groove symbol always appears in what position on the reference line? a) At the centre. b) At the left edge. c) At the right edge.

4. A number appearing to the left of a weld / groove symbol indicates what? a) The size of the weld. b) The length of the segment. c) The pitch of segments.

5. The first number appearing to the right of a weld symbol indicates what? a) The size of the weld. b) The length of the segment. c) The pitch of segments.


6. The number appearing after a dash, to the right of a weld symbol, indicates what? a) The size of the weld. b) The length of the segment. c) The pitch of segments.

7. Label the diagram as per the numbers: 1) __________________________________________________ 2) __________________________________________________ 3) __________________________________________________ 4) __________________________________________________ 5) __________________________________________________ 6) __________________________________________________ 7) __________________________________________________ 8) __________________________________________________ 9) __________________________________________________ 10) __________________________________________________ 11) __________________________________________________ 12) __________________________________________________ 13) __________________________________________________ 14) __________________________________________________ 15) __________________________________________________ 16) __________________________________________________


ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS

(THAT A WELDER MUST BE FAMILIAR WITH)

Terminology Definition Joint type A weld joint classification based on the five basic arrangements of the

component parts. 1. Butt Joint. 2. Corner Joint. 3. Tee Joint. 4. Lap Joint. 5. Edge Joint.

Joint The function of members or the edges of members, which are to be

joined or have been joined. Joint penetration The depth a weld extends from its face into a joint, exclusive of

reinforcement. Joint root That portion of a joint to be welded where the members approach

closest to each other. Joint geometry The shape and dimensions of a joint in cross-section prior to welding. Included angle (Groove angle)

A non-standard term for groove angle. (Combined angle of two bevel faces.)

Actual throat The shortest distance between the weld root and the face of a fillet weld.

Theoretical throat The distance from the beginning of the joint root perpendicular to the hypotenuse of the largest right triangle that can be inscribed within the cross section of a fillet weld. This dimension is based on the assumption that the root opening is equal to zero.

Back gouging The removal of weld metal and base metal from the other side of a partially welded joint to facilitate complete fusion and complete joint penetration upon subsequent welding from that side.

Backing

A material or device placed against the reverse side of the joint to support and retain molten weld metal. The material may be either metal or non-metal. The letter "R" within the symbol instructs you that the backing is to be "removed" after welding.


Bevel angle The angle formed between the prepared edge of a member and a plane

perpendicular to the surface of the member. Back weld (Sealing run)

A weld made at the back of a single groove weld.

Base metal (parent metal)

The metal to be welded, brazed, soldered or cut. The use of this term implies that materials other than metals are also referred to.

Burn through A non-standard term for excessive melt through or a hole. Butt joint A joint between two members aligned approximately in the same

plane. Butt weld A non-standard term for a weld in a butt joint. Chamfer A non-standard term for bevel. Corner joint A joint between two members located approximately at right angles to

each other. Deposited metal Filler metal that has been added during welding. Fillet weld A weld of approximately triangular cross section joining two surfaces at

right angles to each other in a lap joint, T-joint or corner joint. Fillet weld leg The distance from the joint root to the toe of the fillet weld. Fusion The melting together of filler metal and base metal (substrate), or base

metal only, which results in coalescence. Heat affected zone (HAZ)

That portion of the base metal that has not been melted but whose mechanical properties or microstructure have been altered by welding.

Residual stress Stress present in a member that is free from external forces or thermal

gradients. Tack weld A weld made to hold parts of a weldment in proper alignment until the

final welds are made. T-Joint A joint between two members located approximately at right angles to

each other in the form of a "T". Weld A localized coalescence of metals or non-metals produced either by

heating the materials to the welding temperature, with or without the application of pressure, or by the application of pressure only and with or without use of filler metal.

Weld face The exposed surface of a weld on the side from which welding was done.

Welding procedure specification (WPS)

A document providing in detail the required variables for specific application to assure repeatability by properly trained welders and welding operators.

Weldment An assembly whose component parts are joined by welding. Weld metal That portion of a weld that has been melted during welding. Weld toe The junction of the weld face and the base metal.

THAT CONCLUDES THIS MODULE ON "ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE FOR WELDERS."


MODEL ANSWERS SELF-TEST NO. 1

INSTRUCTIONS

o Answer the questions below without reference to your notes or the video. o Have your Facilitator / Mentor check your work. o Answers in bold.

QUESTION (Tick appropriate answer/s) YES NO

1. The terms given to the metal to be welded are: a) Basic metal / Relative metal. b) Base metal / Parent metal. c) Raw metal / Refined metal.

2. What is the basic definition for the fusion of metals? a) The adhesion of metals due to the addition of filler metal. b) The melting and mixing together of metals resulting in

coalescence. c) The strengthening of metals through the application of an

electric arc.

3. The two types of weld in MMAW are: a) Groove or Butt weld and Fillet weld. b) But weld and Groove weld. c) Bead weld and Groove or Fillet weld.


4. Fill in the features of the Groove weld.

5. Fill in the features of the Fillet weld that differ from those of the Groove weld.

Weld Zone

Reinforcement

Face Toe Toe

Fusion Zone (Filler penetration)

Heat Affected Zone (HAZ)

Root Reinforcement Root

Leg

Theoretical throat

Leg Actual throat


6. A continuous weld can be described as one that: a) Is unbroken along the length of the joint. b) Continuous all around the joint. c) Continuous for a short distance and then breaks.

7. An intermittent weld is one that: a) Jumps from side to side on the joint. b) Is deposited at evenly spaced intervals. c) Is deposited in irregular sections along the joint.

8. Weld pitch is best explained as being: a) The distance between centres of sequential intermittent

welds. b) The width of a weld segment. c) The distance between the end of one weld and the start of

the next.

9. List the 5 basic types of joints i) Butt. ii) Tee (T). iii) Lap. iv) Edge. v) Corner.

10. The primary purpose of grooving metal edges, is to: a) Facilitate full penetration of filler material and create joint

strength. b) Offer more space for extra filler material. c) Provide a smooth surface.

11. The method of edge preparation is normally specified by; a) The Welding Specification Procedure. b) The drawing instructions. c) Provide a smooth surface.


12. Fill in the missing labels on the diagram

13. What are the two dimensions shown in the diagram? Fill in the labels.

HAVE YOUR FACILITATOR OR MENTOR CHECK YOUR RESPONSES BEFORE YOU MOVE ON TO PROGRAMME WJS-2.

Included Angle / Groove Angle

Joint Root / Root gap or Root opening

Root Face

Root Penetration

Joint Penetration


MODEL ANSWERS SELF TEST NO. 2

INSTRUCTIONS

o Answer the questions below without reference to your notes or the video. o Have your Facilitator / Mentor check your work. o Answers in bold.

QUESTION (Tick the appropriate answer/s) YES NO

1. The main purpose of a “Welding Symbol” is: a) To show you where to place a weld. b) To show you how to weld a joint. c) To give full instruction regarding preparation and welding at

a given joint.

2. Data placed below the reference line indicates: a) That you must attend to the joint at the back of the work. b) That you must attend to the arrow side of the joint. c) That you must attend to the other side of the joint.

3. A weld or a groove symbol always appears in what position on the reference line? a) At the centre. b) At the left edge. c) At the right edge.

4. A number appearing to the left of a weld / groove symbol indicates what? a) The size of the weld. b) The length of the segment. c) The pitch of segments.

5. The first number appearing to the right of a weld symbol indicates what? a) The size of the weld. b) The length of the segment. c) The pitch of segments.


6. The number appearing after a dash, to the right of a weld symbol, indicates what? a) The size of the weld. b) The length of the segment. c) The pitch of segments.

7. Label the diagram as per the numbers: 1) Groove Angle. 2) Root opening, Root gap. 3) Finishing symbol. 4) Contour symbol. 5) Field weld symbol. 6) Weld All Around Symbol. 7) Reference line. 8) Arrow Side weld or groove symbol. 9) Other Side weld or groove symbol. 10) Tail. 11) Specification, process or other reference. 12) Depth of bevel, Size or Strength for certain welds. 13) Length of weld segment. 14) Pitch of weld segments. 15) Number of Spot, Seam, Slot or Projection welds. 16) Groove – weld Size or Effective Throat (fillet weld).

(wjs) - techav

Documents