wireless substitution: semiannual estimates from the nhis er program centers for disease control and...
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Wireless Substitution: Semiannual Estimates from the NHIS ER Program
Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNational Center for Health Statistics
Stephen [email protected]
Julian [email protected]
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1963 1970 1975 1980 1985-1986
Percentage of U.S. HouseholdsWithout Landline Telephones
Based on National Health Interview Survey data
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1963 1970 1975 1980 1985-1986
1997 2001 Early2003
Early2005
Early2007
Early2009
Late2011
Percentage of U.S. HouseholdsWithout Landline Telephones
Based on National Health Interview Survey data
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1963 1970 1975 1980 1985-1986
1997 2001 Early2003
Early2005
Early2007
Early2009
Late2011
Percentage of U.S. HouseholdsWithout Landline Telephones
34% of households have only wireless telephones
Based on National Health Interview Survey data
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Jan–Jun2011
Jan–Jun2010
Jan–Jun2009
Jan–Jun 2008
Jan–Jun2007
Jan–Jun 2006
Jan–Jun 2005
Jan–Jun 2004
Jan–Jun2003
Percentages of adults and children living inhouseholds with only wireless telephone service or
no telephone service: United States, 2003–2011
Pe
rce
nt
Children withwireless service only
Adults withwireless serviceonly
Children with notelephone service
Adults with notelephone service
32.3
38.1
1.92.2
NOTE: Adults are aged 18 and over; children are under age 18.DATA SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Health Interview Survey.
Jul–Dec2011
Prevalence of Wireless-Only Adults
by Age
48.6% of 18-24
59.6% of 25-29
50.9% of 30-34
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jan-Jun'03
Jul-Dec'03
Jan-Jun'04
Jul-Dec'04
Jan-Jun'05
Jul-Dec'05
Jan-Jun'06
Jul-Dec'06
Jan-Jun'07
Jul-Dec'07
Jan-Jun'08
Jul-Dec'08
Jan-Jun'09
Jul-Dec'09
Jan-Jun'10
Jul-Dec'10
Jan-Jun'11
Jul-Dec'11
36.8% of 35-44
23.8% of 45-64
8.5% of 65+
Prevalence of Wireless-Only Adults
by Home Ownership Status
56.0% of adults renting their home
21.2% of adults owning or buying their home
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jan-Jun'03
Jul-Dec'03
Jan-Jun'04
Jul-Dec'04
Jan-Jun'05
Jul-Dec'05
Jan-Jun'06
Jul-Dec'06
Jan-Jun'07
Jul-Dec'07
Jan-Jun'08
Jul-Dec'08
Jan-Jun'09
Jul-Dec'09
Jan-Jun'10
Jul-Dec'10
Jan-Jun'11
Jul-Dec'11
Prevalence of Wireless-Only Adults
by Household Structure
77.5% of adults living with roommates
41.3% of adults living alone
35.4% of adults living with children
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Jan-Jun'03
Jul-Dec'03
Jan-Jun'04
Jul-Dec'04
Jan-Jun'05
Jul-Dec'05
Jan-Jun'06
Jul-Dec'06
Jan-Jun'07
Jul-Dec'07
Jan-Jun'08
Jul-Dec'08
Jan-Jun'09
Jul-Dec'09
Jan-Jun'10
Jul-Dec'10
Jan-Jun'11
Jul-Dec'11
25.1% of adults living with related adults
Prevalence of Wireless-Only Adults
by Sex
33.7% of men30.9% of women
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jan-Jun'03
Jul-Dec'03
Jan-Jun'04
Jul-Dec'04
Jan-Jun'05
Jul-Dec'05
Jan-Jun'06
Jul-Dec'06
Jan-Jun'07
Jul-Dec'07
Jan-Jun'08
Jul-Dec'08
Jan-Jun'09
Jul-Dec'09
Jan-Jun'10
Jul-Dec'10
Jan-Jun'11
Jul-Dec'11
Prevalence of Wireless-Only Adults
by Race/Ethnicity
43.3% of Hispanic adults
36.8% of Black nonHispanic adults
29.0% of White nonHispanic adults
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jan-Jun'03
Jul-Dec'03
Jan-Jun'04
Jul-Dec'04
Jan-Jun'05
Jul-Dec'05
Jan-Jun'06
Jul-Dec'06
Jan-Jun'07
Jul-Dec'07
Jan-Jun'08
Jul-Dec'08
Jan-Jun'09
Jul-Dec'09
Jan-Jun'10
Jul-Dec'10
Jan-Jun'11
Jul-Dec'11
Prevalence of Wireless-Only Adults
by Household Poverty Status
51.4% of adults in poverty
39.6% of adults near poverty
28.9% of higher income adults
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jan-Jun'03
Jul-Dec'03
Jan-Jun'04
Jul-Dec'04
Jan-Jun'05
Jul-Dec'05
Jan-Jun'06
Jul-Dec'06
Jan-Jun'07
Jul-Dec'07
Jan-Jun'08
Jul-Dec'08
Jan-Jun'09
Jul-Dec'09
Jan-Jun'10
Jul-Dec'10
Jan-Jun'11
Jul-Dec'11
Prevalence of Wireless-Only Adults
by Employment Status Last Week
36.8% of adults working at a job
40.8% of adults going to school
32.7% of adults keeping house
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jan-Jun'03
Jul-Dec'03
Jan-Jun'04
Jul-Dec'04
Jan-Jun'05
Jul-Dec'05
Jan-Jun'06
Jul-Dec'06
Jan-Jun'07
Jul-Dec'07
Jan-Jun'08
Jul-Dec'08
Jan-Jun'09
Jul-Dec'09
Jan-Jun'10
Jul-Dec'10
Jan-Jun'11
Jul-Dec'11
22.3% of other adults (incl. unemployed)
Prevalence of Wireless-Only Adults by
Metropolitan Statistical Area Status
33.6% of adults in MSAs
27.2% of adults not in MSAs
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jan-Jun'03
Jul-Dec'03
Jan-Jun'04
Jul-Dec'04
Jan-Jun'05
Jul-Dec'05
Jan-Jun'06
Jul-Dec'06
Jan-Jun'07
Jul-Dec'07
Jan-Jun'08
Jul-Dec'08
Jan-Jun'09
Jul-Dec'09
Jan-Jun'10
Jul-Dec'10
Jan-Jun'11
Jul-Dec'11
Prevalence of Wireless-Only Adults
by Geographic Region
20.6% in Northeast
35.9% in South35.2% in Midwest
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jan-Jun'03
Jul-Dec'03
Jan-Jun'04
Jul-Dec'04
Jan-Jun'05
Jul-Dec'05
Jan-Jun'06
Jul-Dec'06
Jan-Jun'07
Jul-Dec'07
Jan-Jun'08
Jul-Dec'08
Jan-Jun'09
Jul-Dec'09
Jan-Jun'10
Jul-Dec'10
Jan-Jun'11
Jul-Dec'11
33.0% in West
Percent Distribution of Households by Telephone Status, July-December 2011
Wireless Only: 34.0%
Landline with Wireless: 53.4%
LandlineOnly: 10.2%
Unknown: 0.2%Phoneless: 2.2%
Why did NCHS Begin Studying Whether Households have Wireless Telephones?
In 2003, random-digit-dial telephone surveys did not call wireless telephones
As more people gave up their landline telephones and lived only with wireless telephones, more people were excluded from RDD landline surveys
To understand the impact of this noncoverage and how to correct it, a personal visit survey was needed to monitor the growing size and characteristics of the wireless-only population
National Health Interview Survey
In-person survey of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population with high annual household-level response rates
Includes questions on residential telephone numbers to permit recontact of participants 2003: Added questions on working cellular
telephones 2007: Added questions on relative frequency of
calls received on landlines and cell phones
Coverage Bias
Two factors determine the degree of coverage bias due to telephone ownership in a telephone survey: The percentage of persons without landline
telephones in the population of interest The magnitude of the difference between
persons with and without landline telephones for the variable of interest
Health Characteristics Examined Health-related behaviors
5+ alcoholic drinks in one day (past year) Smoking (current) Leisure-time physical activity (regularly)
Health status Excellent or very good health status Serious psychological distress (past 30 days) Obesity Asthma episode (past year) Diabetes (ever diagnosed)
Health care service use Has a usual place to go for medical care Received influenza vaccine (past year) Tested for HIV (ever) Financial barrier to needed care (past year) Uninsured (current)
For these 13 estimates, preliminary weighted data
were produced by theNHIS Early Release Program.
Percent of U.S. Adults with Various Health Characteristics, by Phone Status
Has a landline
telephone
Wireless-only
No telephone
5+ alcoholic drinks in 1 day 17.2 31.5 23.9Current smoker 15.3 24.4 26.7Psychological distress 2.8 4.1 4.5Health excellent / very good 59.9 63.9 57.3
July – December 2011
Percent of U.S. Adults with Various Health Characteristics, by Phone Status
Has a landline
telephone
Wireless-only
No telephone
Uninsured (when interviewed) 15.1 28.7 40.6Financial barriers to care 5.8 13.0 14.0Has a usual place for care 88.9 69.8 59.3Flu vaccination 39.0 73.3 70.6Ever tested for HIV 31.9 43.5 43.3
July – December 2011
American Journal of Public Health, October 2009, pp. 1806-1810
Why does NCHS Continue to Monitor Wireless Telephone Use?
Most major survey research organizations now include wireless telephone numbers when conducting RDD telephone surveys
Data on household telephone ownership and use are necessary to properly weight these dual-frame telephone surveys
Adding a Cell-Phone Frame
Landline Only Landline and Wireless
Wireless Only Phoneless
Landline Frame Wireless Frame
Landline Frame
Wireless Frame
National Health Interview Survey
In-person survey of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population with high annual household-level response rates
Includes questions on residential telephone numbers to permit recontact of participants 2003: Added questions on working cellular
telephones 2007: Added questions on relative frequency of
calls received on landlines and cell phones
National Health Interview Survey
In-person survey of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population with high annual household-level response rates
Includes questions on residential telephone numbers to permit recontact of participants
“Of all the calls that your family receives, are …
(1) All or almost all calls received on cell phones?
(2) Some received on cell phones and some on regular phones?
(3) Very few or none received on cell phones?”
Percent Distribution of Households by Telephone Status, July-December 2011
Wireless Only: 34.0%
Landline with Wireless: 53.4%
LandlineOnly: 10.2%
Unknown: 0.2%Phoneless: 2.2%
Percent Distribution of Households by Telephone Status, July-December 2011
Wireless Only: 34.0%
LandlineOnly: 10.2%
Unknown: 0.2%Phoneless: 2.2%
WirelessMostly: 16.0%
Landline withSome Wireless: 37.4%
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Jan-Jun2007
Jul-Dec2007
Jan-Jun2008
Jul-Dec2008
Jan-Jun2009
Jul-Dec2009
Jan-Jun2010
Jul-Dec2010
Jan-Jun2011
Jul-Dec2011
Percentage of Adults Living in Wireless-Mostly Households
Based on National Health Interview Survey data
Prevalence of Wireless-Mostly Adults
by Home Ownership Status
13.5% of adults renting their home
19.9% of adults owning or buying their home
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Jan–Jun 2007
Jul-Dec2007
Jan–Jun 2008
Jul-Dec2008
Jan–Jun 2009
Jul-Dec2009
Jan–Jun 2010
Jul-Dec2010
Jan–Jun 2011
Jul-Dec2011
Prevalence of Wireless-Mostly Adults
by Household Poverty Status
8.8% of adults inpoverty
13.5% of adults near poverty
21.9% of higher income adults
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Jan–Jun 2007
Jul-Dec2007
Jan–Jun 2008
Jul-Dec2008
Jan–Jun 2009
Jul-Dec2009
Jan–Jun 2010
Jul-Dec2010
Jan–Jun 2011
Jul-Dec2011
Prevalence of Wireless-Only Adults
by Age
18.9% of 18-24
15.8% of 25-29
21.2% of 30-44 19.9% of 45-64
8.9% of 65+
Jan–Jun 2007
Jul-Dec 2007
Jan–Jun 2008
Jul-Dec 2008
Jan–Jun 2009
Jul-Dec 2009
Jan–Jun 2010
Jul-Dec 2010
Jan–Jun 2011
Jul-Dec 2011
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Prevalence of Wireless-Only Adults
by Age
21.2% of 30-44 19.9% of 45-64
8.9% of 65+
Jan–Jun 2007
Jul-Dec 2007
Jan–Jun 2008
Jul-Dec 2008
Jan–Jun 2009
Jul-Dec 2009
Jan–Jun 2010
Jul-Dec 2010
Jan–Jun 2011
Jul-Dec 2011
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
Percent Distribution of Households by Telephone Status, July-December 2011
Wireless Only: 34.0%
LandlineOnly: 10.2%
Unknown: 0.2%Phoneless: 2.2%
WirelessMostly: 16.0%
Landline withSome Wireless: 37.4%
Forthcoming Reports (Fall 2012)
Wireless Substitution: State-level Estimates From the NHIS, 2010-2011
Wireless Substitution: Early Release of Estimates From the NHIS, January-June 2012
Prevalence of Adults Living in Wireless-Only Households,July 2009 - June 2010
For More Information…
Stephen J. Blumberg, Ph.D.
National Center for Health Statistics
3311 Toledo Road, Room 2112
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 USA [email protected]