Wireless NewsWireless News

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Wireless NewsWireless News

Free Bluetooth Scanners for WinXPFree Bluetooth Scanners for WinXP• http://www.http://www.bluescannerbluescanner.org/.org/• http://www.airmagnet.com/products/bluesweep.htmhttp://www.airmagnet.com/products/bluesweep.htm

FONFON, based in Spain, is a startup company that wants to provide , based in Spain, is a startup company that wants to provide cheap Wi-Fi access to the world by selling a million routers, cheap Wi-Fi access to the world by selling a million routers, which usually cost about $60, for $5 plus shipping.which usually cost about $60, for $5 plus shipping.

D-LinkD-Link has announced the launch of the Securicam DCS-2120 has announced the launch of the Securicam DCS-2120 Wireless Internet Camera. Developed for home or small office Wireless Internet Camera. Developed for home or small office use, the DCS-2120 provides the ability to remotely view live use, the DCS-2120 provides the ability to remotely view live video and listen to sound from a 3G mobile phone or PDA in real video and listen to sound from a 3G mobile phone or PDA in real time from anywhere within a mobile's 3G service area.time from anywhere within a mobile's 3G service area.

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Wireless NewsWireless News Distance to the hole: It's a piece of information golfers covet. Distance to the hole: It's a piece of information golfers covet. Golf course managers want to know where their golf carts are Golf course managers want to know where their golf carts are GPS Industries IncGPS Industries Inc in Vancouver, British Columbia says they can in Vancouver, British Columbia says they can

deliver just this kind of data with a combination of GPS and Wi-deliver just this kind of data with a combination of GPS and Wi-Fi technologies.Fi technologies.

Called "Called "The InforemerThe Inforemer," their solution begins with a GPS ," their solution begins with a GPS mapping of the entire course, including the distance to hazards mapping of the entire course, including the distance to hazards and holes. Using this map, a cart-mounted GPS unit relays and holes. Using this map, a cart-mounted GPS unit relays geographical information to golfers, while a Wi-Fi connection geographical information to golfers, while a Wi-Fi connection keeps the clubhouse informed as to the cart's location.keeps the clubhouse informed as to the cart's location.

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BlueSniper RifleBlueSniper Rifle

Effective up to Effective up to 1 mile1 mile Uses Gumstix PC Uses Gumstix PC

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BlueSniper Rifle: PartsBlueSniper Rifle: Parts

Folding Stock - About $50.00

Radome Yagi Antenna - $60.

GumStix Embedded PC - $200.00

Total cost apx $350

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BlueSniper RifleBlueSniper Rifle How To: Building a BlueSniper RifleHow To: Building a BlueSniper Rifle

• http://www.tomsnetworking.com/2005/03/08/how_to_bluehttp://www.tomsnetworking.com/2005/03/08/how_to_bluesniper_pt1/page2.htmlsniper_pt1/page2.html

Gumstix PCGumstix PC• http://www.gumstix.comhttp://www.gumstix.com• http://www.gumstix.orghttp://www.gumstix.org

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Power over Ethernet (POE)Power over Ethernet (POE)

Enclosures for Enclosures for WRT54Gs and POE WRT54Gs and POE unitsunits

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Back Track Bootable CDRomBack Track Bootable CDRom

BackTrackBackTrack is the result of the is the result of the merging of two Innovative merging of two Innovative Penetration Testing live Linux Penetration Testing live Linux distributions distributions • Whax Whax (formerly Whoppix) - stand-alone (formerly Whoppix) - stand-alone

penetration-testing live CD based on penetration-testing live CD based on KNOPPIX KNOPPIX

• AuditorAuditor - stand-alone penetration-testing - stand-alone penetration-testing live CD also based on KNOPPIX live CD also based on KNOPPIX

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Back Track Bootable CDRomBack Track Bootable CDRom

Combies the best features of both Combies the best features of both distributionsdistributions

Pays special attention to small detailsPays special attention to small details Based on SLAX (Slackware), BackTrack Based on SLAX (Slackware), BackTrack

provides user modularity. provides user modularity. The distribution can be easily customized The distribution can be easily customized

by the user to include personal scripts, by the user to include personal scripts, additional tools, customized kernels, etc.additional tools, customized kernels, etc.

1010

Back Track Bootable CDRomBack Track Bootable CDRom KismetKismet SnortSnort NBTScanNBTScan NiktoNikto AmapAmap AirsnortAirsnort HotspotterHotspotter UnicornScan UnicornScan SIPcrack SIPcrack Free/SwanFree/Swan VmPlayerVmPlayer

AirodumpAirodump NmapNmap EtherealEthereal Wellenreiter Wellenreiter Nibbler Nibbler Autopsy Autopsy TCPdumpTCPdump WepcrackWepcrack AircrackAircrack And lots more…And lots more…

CWNA Guide to Wireless CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second EditionLANs, Second Edition

Chapter SixChapter Six

Planning and Deploying a Wireless LANPlanning and Deploying a Wireless LAN

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ObjectivesObjectives

Explain the steps for planning a Explain the steps for planning a wireless networkwireless network

Tell how to design a wireless LANTell how to design a wireless LAN Describe the steps in deploying a Describe the steps in deploying a

wireless networkwireless network Explain the ways in which to provide Explain the ways in which to provide

user supportuser support

1313

Planning for a Wireless NetworkPlanning for a Wireless Network

““If you fail to plan, then you plan to fail”If you fail to plan, then you plan to fail” Some steps involved in planning wireless Some steps involved in planning wireless

networks similar to planning wired networknetworks similar to planning wired network• Many steps significantly differentMany steps significantly different

Basic planning steps: Basic planning steps: • Assessing needsAssessing needs• Weighing benefitsWeighing benefits• Calculating costsCalculating costs

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Assessing Needs: The Need for Assessing Needs: The Need for MobilityMobility

Two significant changes in business world Two significant changes in business world over last 15 years:over last 15 years:• Workers have electronic tools to access Workers have electronic tools to access

information and accomplish significantly moreinformation and accomplish significantly more• Restructuring of organizational hierarchiesRestructuring of organizational hierarchies

Organizations are “flatter”Organizations are “flatter” Teamwork is essentialTeamwork is essential

• Together, can result in Together, can result in decreased decreased productivityproductivity Hinders ability to collaborate and make timely Hinders ability to collaborate and make timely

decisionsdecisions ““Mobile office” neededMobile office” needed

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Assessing Needs: The Need for Assessing Needs: The Need for Mobility (continued)Mobility (continued)

A solution to need for mobility is WLANsA solution to need for mobility is WLANs• Expand productivity zone of knowledge workersExpand productivity zone of knowledge workers• Improve quality and productivity of meetingsImprove quality and productivity of meetings• Work can be performed in more locations at more timesWork can be performed in more locations at more times

WLANs have been shown to add one to two hours WLANs have been shown to add one to two hours a day of productive time per worker a day of productive time per worker • Enabling worker to respond to customers, partners, and Enabling worker to respond to customers, partners, and

colleagues more quicklycolleagues more quickly WLANs too often viewed as WLANs too often viewed as optional optional add-on to add-on to

computer networkscomputer networks

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Assessing Needs: Examining Assessing Needs: Examining the Business Entitythe Business Entity

Determine if business case exists for bringing Determine if business case exists for bringing wireless networking into corporate environmentwireless networking into corporate environment• What is the purpose or mission of the organization?What is the purpose or mission of the organization?• Is the current mission expected to change in the future?Is the current mission expected to change in the future?• What is the size of the organization?What is the size of the organization?• How much growth is anticipated in the organization?How much growth is anticipated in the organization?

Obtaining firm conceptual grip on organization as Obtaining firm conceptual grip on organization as a whole and its current status will reveal if an a whole and its current status will reveal if an investment in wireless technology is wiseinvestment in wireless technology is wise

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Assessing Needs: Reviewing Assessing Needs: Reviewing the Current Networkthe Current Network

Question to ask when examining how Question to ask when examining how organization uses current network:organization uses current network:• How does current network support the How does current network support the

organization’s mission?organization’s mission?• What applications run on the network?What applications run on the network?• How many users does network support?How many users does network support?• Strengths and weaknesses of the current Strengths and weaknesses of the current

network?network?• Anticipated growth in network technology?Anticipated growth in network technology?

Examining current network status reveals Examining current network status reveals much of this informationmuch of this information• Especially applications and number of usersEspecially applications and number of users

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Assessing Needs: Reviewing Assessing Needs: Reviewing the Current Network (continued)the Current Network (continued) Good time to document network in detail:Good time to document network in detail:

• Number of clientsNumber of clients• Types of clientsTypes of clients• Number of serversNumber of servers• The topology of the networkThe topology of the network• What media is being usedWhat media is being used• Performance of the networkPerformance of the network• Types of devices connected to the networkTypes of devices connected to the network

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Assessing Needs: Reviewing Assessing Needs: Reviewing the Current Network (continued)the Current Network (continued)

Table 6-1: Current network table

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Assessing Needs: Reviewing the Assessing Needs: Reviewing the Current NetworkCurrent Network

Figure 6-1: Network diagram

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Determining Benefits: Hard Determining Benefits: Hard BenefitsBenefits

Benefits that can be easily measured Benefits that can be easily measured or quantifiedor quantified• For WLANs, easily measured in For WLANs, easily measured in

decreased cost of installationdecreased cost of installation e.g., elimination of cabling costse.g., elimination of cabling costs

Using wireless technology for MAN or Using wireless technology for MAN or WAN can result in even higher WAN can result in even higher savingssavings

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Determining Benefits: Soft BenefitsDetermining Benefits: Soft Benefits

Benefits that are difficult, if not Benefits that are difficult, if not impossible, to quantify accuratelyimpossible, to quantify accurately• Improved productivityImproved productivity• Enhanced collaboration and faster Enhanced collaboration and faster

responsivenessresponsiveness• Flexible mobilityFlexible mobility• Adherence to standardsAdherence to standards• Improved employee satisfactionImproved employee satisfaction

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Calculating Return on Investment Calculating Return on Investment (ROI)(ROI)

Return on investment (ROI): Return on investment (ROI): Standard Standard measure of profitability of a projectmeasure of profitability of a project• Total cost of projectTotal cost of project

Hardware, software, implementation costs, training, Hardware, software, implementation costs, training, operations staff, maintenance staff and services, and operations staff, maintenance staff and services, and connectivity feesconnectivity fees

• Less tangible costsLess tangible costs Workload management and customer satisfactionWorkload management and customer satisfaction

Several models for calculating ROISeveral models for calculating ROI

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Calculating Return on Investment Calculating Return on Investment (continued)(continued)

Intel Corporation’s wireless LAN model:Intel Corporation’s wireless LAN model:• Implement a pilotImplement a pilot• Develop a reportDevelop a report• Assemble dataAssemble data• Calculate ROICalculate ROI

Table 6-2: Three-year WLAN costs and benefits

2525

Calculating Return on InvestmentCalculating Return on Investment

Figure 6-2: Intel’s ROI model for WLANs

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Designing the Wireless LANDesigning the Wireless LAN

Involves determining:Involves determining:• Which deployment scenario is bestWhich deployment scenario is best• Which IEEE wireless network standard Which IEEE wireless network standard

should be usedshould be used• Type of AP management to Type of AP management to

implementedimplemented• Where wireless devices should be Where wireless devices should be

locatedlocated

2727

Determining the Deployment Determining the Deployment ScenarioScenario

First step in designing a WLAN is to decide First step in designing a WLAN is to decide on correct deployment scenario:on correct deployment scenario:• Ad hocAd hoc: Not connected to wired infrastructure: Not connected to wired infrastructure

Useful where wireless infrastructure does not exist or Useful where wireless infrastructure does not exist or services to remote networks not requiredservices to remote networks not required

• InfrastructureInfrastructure: WLAN devices connect to wired : WLAN devices connect to wired corporate network via APcorporate network via AP

Most corporate wireless LANsMost corporate wireless LANs

• HotspotHotspot: Provides wireless LAN service, for free : Provides wireless LAN service, for free or for a fee, from variety of public areasor for a fee, from variety of public areas

• Point-to-point remote wireless bridgePoint-to-point remote wireless bridge: Typically : Typically interconnects two LAN segmentsinterconnects two LAN segments

2828

Determining the Deployment Determining the Deployment ScenarioScenario

Deployment scenarios (continued):Deployment scenarios (continued):• Point-to-multipoint remote wireless Point-to-multipoint remote wireless

bridgebridge: Connects multiple LAN segments: Connects multiple LAN segments• Ethernet to wireless bridgeEthernet to wireless bridge: Connects : Connects

single device that has an Ethernet port single device that has an Ethernet port but not an 802.11 NICbut not an 802.11 NIC

• Wireless gatewayWireless gateway: Provide single : Provide single mechanism for managing and mechanism for managing and monitoring the wireless networkmonitoring the wireless network

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Selecting the IEEE Wireless Selecting the IEEE Wireless Network TypeNetwork Type

IEEE 802.11b, 802.11a, or 802.11gIEEE 802.11b, 802.11a, or 802.11g Decision may depend on many factorsDecision may depend on many factors

• Do other devices in area use same frequency Do other devices in area use same frequency range as one of the network types?range as one of the network types?

• What kind of coverage is needed?What kind of coverage is needed?• What types of applications will be used?What types of applications will be used?

If broader area of coverage needed, If broader area of coverage needed, 802.11g standard should be considered 802.11g standard should be considered firstfirst• Good balance of coverage area with speedGood balance of coverage area with speed

3030

Selecting the IEEE Wireless Selecting the IEEE Wireless Network TypeNetwork Type

If interference is an issue, then If interference is an issue, then 802.11a standard should be 802.11a standard should be consideredconsidered

Only consider 802.11b in areas where Only consider 802.11b in areas where low bandwidth is acceptable or ad low bandwidth is acceptable or ad hoc wireless network will be usedhoc wireless network will be used• Slow speed and susceptibility to Slow speed and susceptibility to

interferenceinterference

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Deciding upon Access Point Deciding upon Access Point ManagementManagement

If using infrastructure wireless network, If using infrastructure wireless network, must decide type of AP managementmust decide type of AP management

Fat access point:Fat access point: AP serves as AP serves as management pointmanagement point• Configuration must be done through via APConfiguration must be done through via AP

Thin access point:Thin access point: Lacks management Lacks management functionsfunctions• Management functions moved to Ethernet Management functions moved to Ethernet

network switchnetwork switch• Management simplified, centralizedManagement simplified, centralized• Handoff time reducedHandoff time reduced• Thin access points are proprietaryThin access points are proprietary

3232

Deciding upon Access Point Deciding upon Access Point ManagementManagement

Thin AP approach does not provide overall Thin AP approach does not provide overall solution for managing entire network solution for managing entire network (wired and wireless)(wired and wireless)

Several vendors working on Several vendors working on comprehensive network management comprehensive network management solutions solutions • Integrate wireless networks into same Integrate wireless networks into same

deployment, operations, and management as deployment, operations, and management as wired networkwired network

• e.g., Cisco’s Structured Wireless-Aware e.g., Cisco’s Structured Wireless-Aware Network (SWAN)Network (SWAN)

3333

Determining the Location of the Determining the Location of the Wireless DevicesWireless Devices

Table 6-3: Interference by objects

3434

Ad Hoc ModeAd Hoc Mode

Wireless devices communicate Wireless devices communicate directly without an APdirectly without an AP

Three main considerations:Three main considerations:• Stations must be arranged so that they Stations must be arranged so that they

are all within proper distance limitsare all within proper distance limits• All stations must send and receive All stations must send and receive

signals on same frequencysignals on same frequency• Hidden node problem must be avoidedHidden node problem must be avoided

3535

Ad Hoc ModeAd Hoc Mode

Figure 6-3: Ad hoc hidden node problem

3636

Infrastructure ModeInfrastructure Mode Positioning APs correctly for an Positioning APs correctly for an

infrastructure WLAN is critical for ensuring infrastructure WLAN is critical for ensuring that coverage area is sufficientthat coverage area is sufficient• Interference by objects must be taken into Interference by objects must be taken into

considerationconsideration• Signal should not extend beyond building’s Signal should not extend beyond building’s

exterior walls for security reasonsexterior walls for security reasons In an ESS infrastructure network with In an ESS infrastructure network with

multiple APs, important that each AP’s multiple APs, important that each AP’s channel set correctlychannel set correctly• Adjacent APs using same channel can cause Adjacent APs using same channel can cause

interference and lost framesinterference and lost frames

3737

Infrastructure Mode (continued)Infrastructure Mode (continued)

Figure 6-4: Interference from using same channel

3838

Infrastructure Mode (continued)Infrastructure Mode (continued)

IEEE 802.11b and 802.11g networks divide IEEE 802.11b and 802.11g networks divide frequency spectrum into 14 overlapping frequency spectrum into 14 overlapping and staggered channelsand staggered channels• Only channels 1, 6,and 11 do not overlapOnly channels 1, 6,and 11 do not overlap

Channel reuse:Channel reuse: Adjacent APs use Adjacent APs use nonoverlapping channels (1, 6, and 11)nonoverlapping channels (1, 6, and 11)

IEEE 802.11a networks have eight IEEE 802.11a networks have eight nonoverlapping channelsnonoverlapping channels

Must ensure APs properly overlapMust ensure APs properly overlap• No gaps, but not too close togetherNo gaps, but not too close together

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Infrastructure Mode (continued)Infrastructure Mode (continued)

Figure 6-5: Channel reuse

4040

Infrastructure Mode (continued)Infrastructure Mode (continued)

Figure 6-6: Flip flop between access points

4141

Infrastructure ModeInfrastructure Mode

Must consider number of users who Must consider number of users who will be associated with APswill be associated with APs• Consider not only how many users will Consider not only how many users will

be associated with each AP but also be associated with each AP but also what they will be doingwhat they will be doing

4242

Deploying a Wireless NetworkDeploying a Wireless Network

If planning/designing done correctly, If planning/designing done correctly, deploying can be easiest stepdeploying can be easiest step

Must consider actual placement of APsMust consider actual placement of APs• Place APs exactly where they were designed to Place APs exactly where they were designed to

gogo• To avoid interference, better to place APs To avoid interference, better to place APs

higherhigher Be careful if placing APs in Be careful if placing APs in plenumsplenums If needed, can use PoEIf needed, can use PoE

Good idea to configure WLAN on own Good idea to configure WLAN on own network segmentnetwork segment

4343

Providing User Support: Providing User Support: TrainingTraining

Planning, designing, and deploying WLAN Planning, designing, and deploying WLAN pointless if users don’t receive required pointless if users don’t receive required supportsupport

Training is vital to use of a WLANTraining is vital to use of a WLAN• Users must know how to use new hardware Users must know how to use new hardware

and softwareand software• Support staff must know how to manage Support staff must know how to manage

network and diagnose problemsnetwork and diagnose problems• Increases effectiveness of new wireless Increases effectiveness of new wireless

networknetwork Minimizes drop in productivity normally associated Minimizes drop in productivity normally associated

with installation of a new systemwith installation of a new system

4444

Providing User Support: TrainingProviding User Support: Training

Group training session often most Group training session often most effective training settingeffective training setting• Preferably done at same time users Preferably done at same time users

receive wireless-enabled laptopsreceive wireless-enabled laptops Important to set appropriate user Important to set appropriate user

expectations for support and how expectations for support and how they should request itthey should request it

4545

Providing User Support: Providing User Support: SupportSupport

Involves continuing follow-up in answering Involves continuing follow-up in answering questions and assisting usersquestions and assisting users

User support functions can be organized in User support functions can be organized in variety of ways:variety of ways:• Establishing informal peer-to-peer support Establishing informal peer-to-peer support

groupsgroups• Creating formal user support groupsCreating formal user support groups• Maintaining a help deskMaintaining a help desk• Assigning support to the information Assigning support to the information

technology departmenttechnology department• Outsourcing support to a third partyOutsourcing support to a third party

4646

Providing User Support: Providing User Support: SupportSupport

Establishing and staffing internal help desk Establishing and staffing internal help desk is one of most effective means of supportis one of most effective means of support• Central point of contact for users who need Central point of contact for users who need

assistance using networkassistance using network• Suggestions regarding a help desk:Suggestions regarding a help desk:

One telephone number for help deskOne telephone number for help desk Plan for increased call volume after network installedPlan for increased call volume after network installed Problem trackingProblem tracking Use surveys to determine user satisfactionUse surveys to determine user satisfaction Periodically rotate network personnel into help deskPeriodically rotate network personnel into help desk Use info from help desk to organize follow-up trainingUse info from help desk to organize follow-up training

4747

Providing User Support: SupportProviding User Support: Support

User feedback essential when User feedback essential when installing new WLANinstalling new WLAN• Possibly more essential than technical Possibly more essential than technical

feedbackfeedback• May have IT personnel contact users for May have IT personnel contact users for

feedbackfeedback• May schedule meetings with users to May schedule meetings with users to

gather feedbackgather feedback

4848

SummarySummary The basic steps in planning a wireless network The basic steps in planning a wireless network

include assessing needs, weighing the benefits, include assessing needs, weighing the benefits, and calculating the costsand calculating the costs

Assessing needs involves understanding the need Assessing needs involves understanding the need for mobility, examining the business as a whole, for mobility, examining the business as a whole, and calculating the potential return on and calculating the potential return on investmentinvestment

Benefits for a wireless LAN can be broken into two Benefits for a wireless LAN can be broken into two categories: hard benefits and soft benefits: Hard categories: hard benefits and soft benefits: Hard benefits are those benefits that can be easily benefits are those benefits that can be easily measured or quantified, while soft benefits are measured or quantified, while soft benefits are much more difficult to quantify and measuremuch more difficult to quantify and measure

4949

SummarySummary Designing the layout for the wireless network Designing the layout for the wireless network

involves determining which deployment scenario involves determining which deployment scenario is best, and then deciding which IEEE wireless is best, and then deciding which IEEE wireless network standard should be usednetwork standard should be used

The type of access point management that should The type of access point management that should be implemented must be considered, and be implemented must be considered, and consideration must be given to the location of the consideration must be given to the location of the wireless deviceswireless devices

If planning and designing was done correctly, If planning and designing was done correctly, then deploying should be straightforwardthen deploying should be straightforward

5050

SummarySummary

Training provides all users as well as Training provides all users as well as network support specialists with the network support specialists with the knowledge to effectively operate and knowledge to effectively operate and support the new WLAN systemsupport the new WLAN system