wireless data (and power) transmission 24/03/2015 fccw20151 speaker: [email protected]...
TRANSCRIPT
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Wireless data (and power) transmission
24/03/2015 FCCw2015 1
Speaker: [email protected]
Contributors: S. Ceuterickxa, C. Dehosb, P. De Lurgioc, Z. Djurcicc, G. Drakec, J.L. Gonzalez Gimenezb, D.W. Kimd, E. Loccie, A. Schöningf, A. Siligarisb, H.K. Soltveitf, P. Vincentb
a CERN, European Organisation for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerlandb CEA/LETI/DRT/DACLE/LAIR, Grenoble, Francec Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USAd Gangneung National University, Koreae CEA/DSM/IRFU/SPP, Gif-sur-Yvette, Francef University of Heidelberg, Germany
FCCw2015
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FCCw2015 2
A massive cable plant
24/03/2015
• Impact on the measurements• Multiple scattering and nuclear interactions• Dead-zone areas
• Impact on the installation and the operation• Cables and connectors are fragile• Cable path is not so flexible• Design constraints
assembly of ATLAS TRT with SCT © CERN
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FCCw2015 3
Challenges?
• Low cost• Low mass• Small form factor (compactness)• Low power consumption
24/03/2015
• High throughput/low latency• Precise timing
• High density• Simple operation
• Highly reliable
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FCCw2015 4
Why wireless? Minimize material budget of cables/connectors No infrared! Detector electronics should be in the dark
24/03/2015
More flexible transceiver placement
Direct communication between layers possible
Point-to-Multipoint links
Data follows event topology enabling fast triggering
Currently: axial readout
radial
ATLAS inner tracker © ATLAS/CERN
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FCCw2015 5
Millimeter-waves technology• 30 to 300 giga-Hertz• Wavelength (λ) of a few mm (e.g. 5mm @60GHz)• Multiple Gbits/s (Several GHz of bandwidth)• High “natural” signal attenuation (68dB@1m at 60Ghz)
24/03/2015
• Compact and low power system• High integration
• On-chip antenna• High density• Lot of development in the industry
60GHz transmitter from GOTMIC AB (Picture : © Universtität Heidelberg )
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FCCw2015 6
Two existing studiesReferences in the backup slides
24/03/2015
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FCCw2015 7
A prototype for water Cherenkov neutrino detectorfrom Argonne National Laboratory
24/03/2015
• data acquisition & control system based on 802.11n
Specification Target
Maximum event rate 10 kHz
Bytes per event 6 (2 pulse height, 4 time-stamp)
Average data rate per front-end channel
60 kB/s
Total power consumption @ 10 kHz
250 mW
Data transfer rate 35 Mb/s
Bit error rate < 10-12
• No need for High throughput
© Argonne National Laboratory
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FCCw2015 8
Study for ATLAS silicon trackerfrom Heidelberg university
24/03/2015
• 60 GHz wireless readout system
• Building a 60Ghz demonstrator
• Simple On-Off Keying modulation• 4.5Gbps @1m• 240mW power consumption• 130nm SiGe Bi-CMOS HBT 8HP
technology
• No signal penetration through detector layers• But detector layer is an highly reflective environment
Concept from R.Brenner et Al. (Uppsala Uni.); Pictures: Universtität Heidelberg
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FCCw2015 9
Study for ATLAS silicon trackerfrom Heidelberg university
24/03/2015
• Valuable studies achieved!• Bit Error Rate < 4x10−15
• Material properties at 60GHz• No significant influence on SCT
electronics• Crosstalk mitigation
shielding: Graphite foam cover
high directivity: Aluminized Kapton horn antennas
Future:• 60Ghz demonstrator• high density integration• On-chip antenna• Operation in extreme
environment• Efficiency improvement
Pictures: © Universtität Heidelberg
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FCCw2015 10
How to improve Wireless payload throughput?
𝐶=𝐵 . log2(1+ 𝑆𝑁 )
24/03/2015
C = Channel capacity in b/sB = Bandwidth in HzS = Signal in WattsN = Noise power in Watts
Shannon-Harley’s theorem
- Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR)- Smart antenna techniques
- Bandwidth (available spectrum)- Sub-THz electronics (Leti Proto @276GHz)
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FCCw2015 11
How to improve Wireless payload throughput?
24/03/2015
- Modulation technique (spectral efficiency)- 4096QAM in labs
- Multiplexing technique (multiple the channel capacity)- Multiple Input-Multiple Output (MIMO)- Orbital angular momentum (OAM)
- Communication protocol (overhead)
Still a tricky trade-off to optimize the performance with
regards to power consumption, range, crosstalk mitigation,
medium access, system compactness, complexity….
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FCCw2015 12
A Millimeter wave readout system
24/03/2015
Technology is already available and mature, prototypes are being built
Could a wireless approach surpass an improved wired DAQ?
We propose to answer this question:- 2018: Feasibility study for an FCC detector
- 2025: Design proposal for a detector
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FCCw2015 13
A Millimeter wave readout system
Challenging but doable
Outcomes for HEP and more
Extend the existing collaboration
24/03/2015
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FCCw2015 14
Backup slides
24/03/2015
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FCCw2015 15
ReferencesR. Brenner and S. Cheng, “Multigigabit wireless transfer of trigger data through millimetre wave technology”, 2010 JINST 5 C07002.
D. Pelikan et al., “Wireless data transfer with mm-waves for future tracking detectors”, 2014 JINST 9 C11008.
H.K. Soltveit et al., “Multi-gigabit wireless data transfer at 60 GHz”, 2012 JINST 7 C12016.
S. Dittmeier et al., “60 GHz wireless data transfer for tracker readout systems—first studies and results”, 2014 JINST 9 C11002.
H. K. Soltveit et.al., “Towards Multi-Gigabit readout for the ATLAS silicon microstrip detector”, Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC), 2013 IEEE.
Siligaris et al., "A 65-nm CMOS fully integrated transceiver module for 60-GHz Wireless HD applications”, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits (JSSC) , December 2011.
Siligaris, et al., "A low power 60-GHz 2.2-Gbps UWB transceiver with integrated antennas for short range communications", 2013 IEEE RFIC conference, 2-4 June 2013, Seattle, Washington, USA.
P. De Lurgio et al., “A Prototype of Wireless Power and Data Acquisition System for Large Detectors”, arxiv/1310.1098 [physics.ins-det].
24/03/2015
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FCCw2015 16
• More efficient modulation techniques• Increased spectral efficiency: More than (3bits/s)/Hz• Increased resiliency to noise and multipath• Contained Power efficiency Battery life• Contained Signal-to-Noise ratio Signal exposure• Mitigated BER Coding trick• But increased complexity and design cost
Wireless technology evolution
24/03/2015
• Supported by the market for ever higher performance
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FCCw2015 17
Wireless technology evolution• Smart Antenna techniques
• Improve link reliability (MRC, Beam forming)• Multiple Input - Multiple Output (MIMO)
• multiply channel capacity• Benefit from multi-path (with spatial diversity of
receiver antennas)
24/03/2015
Capacity x 2
© CERN
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FCCw2015 18
Long term wireless evolution• Increase of Digital Signal Processor capacity at
constant power (Moore’s law)• Increase of spectral efficiency (4096QAM in labs)• Development of Smart Antenna (antenna array) • Sub-THz electronics (Leti Proto @276GHz)• Orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing
technique (far future)
24/03/2015
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FCCw2015 19
The challenges• How to achieve Very High Density?• How to ensure efficient timing?• How to ensure long-term reliability and
operation?• How to adapt the communication protocol?• How to adapt the wireless data acquisition
system to an extreme environment (CEM, radiation)?
24/03/2015
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