Wireless Communication Trends

Mansura Habiba

Overview

• Wireless Connectivity: Present Trend• NFC : Technical Specification

• What is NFC?• NFC Operation Modes• NFC Technologies• How NFC works

• NFC: New opportunities• NFC: Benefits and Limitations

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Overview

• iBeacon : Technical Specification• What is iBeacon• How iBeacon Works

• iBeacon : New opportunities• iBeacon: Benefits and Limitations• Comparison of NFC and Smart & Smart-Ready Bluetooth

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Overview

• Zigbee: Technical Specification• Zigbee: New opportunities•  Zigbee: Benefits and Limitations

• Ant+: Technical Specification• Ant+: New opportunities• Ant+: Benefits and Limitations

• Comparison of different Wireless Connectivity Protocol

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Wireless Connectivity: Present Trend

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Different Wireless Connectivity Trends

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NFC: Typical Use

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NFC: Typical Use (Cont..)

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Beacon: Typical Use

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Commercialization

Shopping : Payment

Secure Tansaction

iBeacon: Typical Use

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In-Door Navigation

Car Security

Localization

Bluetooth: Typical Use

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Hands free Device

ConnectivityHealth Application

BLE: Typical Use

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Event Trigger

Location Monitor

Zigbee: Typical Use

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ANT+ : Typical Use

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Fitness Application

Fitness Application

NFC: Near Field Communication

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What is NFC• NFC or Near Field Communication is a short range high

frequency wireless communication technology• A radio communication is established by touching two

devices or keeping them in a proximity of a few centimeters up to 10 cm

• Allows communication between • Two powered (active) devices• One powered and one non self powered (passive) device

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NFC operation Mode

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NFC ReaderP

eer

to P

eer

Card Emulator

NFC Reader

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NFC: New Opportunities

• Share ringtone: Recently Fanta has used NFC for sharing ringtones• Share promotional commercial• NFC enabled Vending Machine

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NFC Tag Provider

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http://rapidnfc.com/nfc_tag_antennas

Benefits of NFC• NFC is compatible with existing passive RFID infrastructures unlike

Bluetooth.• NFC is slow, uses less power and less setup time compared to Bluetooth• Uses Short range secured channel for communication which prevents

hackers from snooping information during data transfer.

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Benefits of NFC

• Easy to setup and incorporate with compatible existing systems• No special software needed• No manual configuration and settings needed• No search and pair procedure needed.

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Limitations of NFC

• NFC’s maximum data transfer rate is slower than that of Bluetooth 4.0.

• Short distance action is a major drawback of NFC

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iBeacon / Beacon / BLE

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iBeaCon (iOS + BeaCon)

• Beacon tech introduced by Apple• An extremely accurate locating system• Runs on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)• Push notification system based on location• When the device is nearby any beacon content, there will be a push

notification in the device

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iBeacon Features

• Included in Bluetooth 4.0+• Geo-fence• Peer-to-Peer, WPAN• Low power consumption• Low cost• Multi Vendor interoperability

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iBeacon:Multiple points Communication

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Some iBeacon examples

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Proximity and Microlocation

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iBeacon: Benefits

• Low cost & Low Energy• P2P and star network support• Wider range than NFC

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iBeacon: Limitations

• Not approved for secured financial transactions• Conflicts with different Beacon points is still not handled• Turn location monitoring all the time • Requires recharging the active device• Practical transfer rate is below 100 kb/s• iBeacon needs power source.

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Beacon in Commercial use

• Paypal Beacon

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Zigbee: PAN, Mesh Network, Ad-hoc digital radio networks

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Zigbee: Features

• Low cost and Low Energy• Mesh network PAN• Can transmit data over long range• Operates in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands:

868 MHz in Europe, 915 MHz

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Zigbee: Benefits

• Can not act as both Beacon and Non-Beacon Mode• Remote Sensing and control

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Zigbee: Limitations

• Very low bandwidth • Practical range is too low 10-meter range. In comparison the

specification is up to 100m

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Zigbee:New Opportunities

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Zigbee: Home Automation

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Zigbee vs. BLE

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BLE ZigBee

Protocol Stack 250 kb < 32 kb (4kb)Range 10 - 100 meters 30 - 100 meters

Link Rate 1 Mbps 250 kbpsBattery rechargeable non-rechargeableDevices 8 2^16

Air Interface FHSS DSSSUsage frequently infrequently

Network Join Time 3 sec 30msecExtendibility no yes

Security PIN, 64 bit, 128 Bit 128 bit, AES

Zigbee vs. BLE

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BLE ZigBee

Beacon Mode Either Beacon or Non-Beacon

Both

Connectivity Machine to Machine Remote SensingPower Consumption Comparatively High Low

Setup Take long time Faster Network Adhoc, Piconet Adhoc, Star, Mesh,

Hybrid, Piconet

Ant+: What is Ant+

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• ANT+ is the wireless technology that allows your monitoring devices to talk to each other. Leading brands design ANT+ into top products to ensure that you get the data you want -  when and where you want it. Fundamentally, ANT+ gives you the simplest, most expandable and most reliable user experience possible.

• ANT+ stands for interoperability which means that ANT+ products from multiple brands work together. Plus, because devices are compatible, you can always add to or update your monitoring system.

Ant+: Device Profile

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ANT+ devices use the ANT+ network key to access the ANT+ network, and they implement at least one of the ANT+ device profiles.

Comparison of NFC and Smart & Smart-Ready Bluetooth

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Learn, create and make it work

Additional slides with information

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How NFC Works

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Receive sufficient energy and starts clocking its data that connected at coils input

Shunting the coil causes a momentary fluctuation

Reader peak-detects the amplititude modulated

Reader continiously generates as RF carrier sine wave at 13,56 MHz

two loop antennas create air-core communication

Initiator Target

NFC: Overview

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Features of NFC

• NFC is an extention of Radio frequency Identification (RFID) technology that combines the interface of a smartcard and a reader into a single device.

• It operates within gobal unlicensed radio frequency band of 13,56MHz with a bandwidth of 14KHz.

• Supported data rates 106,212 and 424 Kbit/s • Setup time is < 0,1 sec• Able to receive and transmit data at the same time This

solves the problem of recovering data corruption during transmission .

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NDEF Record Type technical info

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NFC Technology Protocols

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iBeacon - Technical background• iBeacon are tiny lowcost, low energy, battery operated wireless transmitter

• iBeacon broadcast small data packet per second using BLE

• iBeacon enabled Apps are notified when the mobile device moves in or out of the range of iBeacon using geo-location (micro-location) and contextual interaction

• Proximity to a specific iBeacon can trigger some app functionality to perform a specific action on a specific mobile device at an exact specific time and in a specific location

• If Apps can connect to the Net this interaction can be taken to next stage

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Comparison of Different Wireless Connections

Bluetooth BLE (beacon/ibeac

on)

NFC ZigBee ANT+

Range (m) <100 <50 < 0.2 30 - 100 50

Link Rate 2,1 MBps 25 Mbps 424 kbps 250 kbps 1Mbps

Battery rechargeable rechargeable rechargeable non-rechargeable rechargeable

Devices 8 8 2 2^16 4

Network Topology

star, P2P star, P2P P2P Mesh, star, P2P Mesh, star, P2P. Tree

Network Join Time

6 sec 3 sec 0,1 sec 30msec 90msec

Extendibility No No No Yes Yes

Security 64 bit, 128 Bit PIN, 64 bit, 128 Bit

Non-RFID 128 bit, AES No

Extra Chip No No Yes No Yes

Cost <30$ 25$-50$ <1$ 1$-5$ >$200

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NFC vs. RFID

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Bluetooth vs. BLE

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NFC vs. BLE

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NFC vs. iBeacon

iBeacon NFCTechnology BLE NFCOs Support Android, ioS & Windows Android& Windows

Manufacturer 10/10 9/10 Scan Distance <=50m <=10cm

Cost 25$-50$ <1$Proximity No touch required Touch is required

Connection Point Yes NoPower Consumption Less More

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NFC vs. iBeacon (Cont.)

  iBeacon NFC

Requirement Bluetooth 4.0 chip

Mechanism Content Notification by beacon (phone stanbye)

Detection of tag

Power Beacon active Tag active or passive

Range Up to 50 m Up to 4 m

Content application interworking

Pairing with device NDEF content types

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NFC vs. iBeacon (Cont.)

  Application side beacon or tag (supplies content to application)

NFC Mobile phone with NFC chip Tag with NFC chip

NFC Device with NFC chip Mobile phone with NFC chip

iBeacon Mobile phone with Bluetooth 4.0

iBeacon with Bluetooth 4.0

iBeacon Device with Bluetooth 4.0 Mobile Phone with iBeacon

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Comparison of NFC and other RFID technologies

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Zigbee vs. BLE

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BLE ZigBee

Protocol Stack 250 kb < 32 kb (4kb)Range 10 - 100 meters 30 - 100 meters

Link Rate 1 Mbps 250 kbpsBattery rechargeable non-rechargeableDevices 8 2^16

Air Interface FHSS DSSSUsage frequently infrequently

Network Join Time 3 sec 30msecExtendibility no yes

Security PIN, 64 bit, 128 Bit 128 bit, AES

Zigbee vs. BLE

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BLE ZigBee

Beacon Mode Either Beacon or Non-Beacon

Both

Connectivity Machine to Machine Remote SensingPower Consumption Comparatively High Low

Setup Take long time Faster Network Adhoc, Piconet Adhoc, Star, Mesh,

Hybrid, Piconet

Common ANT vs. BLE

ANT BLE

Technology P2P, star, tree, mesh P2P, starChannel width 1 MHz 2MHz

Battery rechargeable non-rechargeableData Rate 1Mbs 1Mbs

Range 50m 50mUsage frequently infrequently

Network Join Time long shortExtendibility no yes

Security 64 bit key 128 bit, AES

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