wireless and mobile internet - telecom & management …defude/ubimob06/chaouchiubimob06.pdf ·...

1

Hakima CHAOUCHI Wireless and mobile Internet 1

Wireless and mobile [email protected]

Institut National des TélécommunicationsDépartement LOR


ToCIntroductionInternet and Wireless networks

Wireless networks overviewWireless QoSWireless securityWireless mobility

Internet and mobilityMobility concept Mobility protocolsMobility and QoSMobility and Security

Cellular, Wireless and InternetConclusions


Introduction

2


Introduction


IntroductionALL IP?

IP based Transport

IP based management

IP based Control

IP based applications

Cost effective

Simplification

New revenues


Internet and Wireless networks

Wireless networks overviewWireless QoSWireless securityWireless mobility

3


Wireless networks overview

UMTS

DECT

GSM

10kbit/s 500kbit/s 10Mbit/s 150Mbit/s

WAN

MAN

PAN

2Mbit/s

IEEE 802.11

IEEE 802.15 ZigBee UWB

IEEE 802.16

satellite

IEEE 802.16e

LAN


Cellular-Family

1G • NMT • AMPS • Hicap• CDPD • Mobitex• DataTac

0.5G • Autotel/PALM • ARP

0G • PTT • MTS • IMTS • AMTS

4G???

3.75G•HSUPA

3.5G•HSDPA (3-4Mbps)

3G •W-CDMA

•UMTS (2 Mbps)•FOMA

•1xEV-DO/IS-856 •TD-SCDMA •GAN/UMA

2.75G •CDMA2000 1xRTT/IS-2000 •EDGE (384 kbps)

2.5G

•GPRS (115 kbps)•HSCSD •WiDEN

2G

•GSM (9,6 kbps)•iDEN•D-AMPS •IS-95/cdmaOne•PDC •CSD •PHS

Analog Vs Digital ?

Packet switching Vs Circuit Switching ?

Telephone Vs Data?


Wi-Family

IEEE 802.22/IEEE 802.16.3 WRAN: Regional

IEEE 802.16 (~70 Mbps)IEEE 802.16e/IEEE 802.20 (1,5Mbps, 250km/h)

WMAN: MetropolitanIEEE 802.16 et la WiMaxAlliance et Wimobile

IEEE 802.11b (11Mbps), a (54 Mbps), g (54 Mbps)IEEE 802.11 e : QoS.11n: +MIMO (108-320 Mbps).11 i: security.11 f, r : roaming, fast roaming.11s : mesh network…

WLAN: LocalIEEE 802.11 et Wi-Fi Alliance

IEEE 802.15.1 – Bluetooth (< 1Mbps)IEEE 802.15.3 – UWB (480 Mbps)IEEE 802.15.4 – ZigBee ( 20 ou 250 kbps)

WPAN : PersonalIEEE 802.15 et la WiMediaAlliance

4


Maximum rate


Wireless-QoS

• MAC and PHY layers limitations – Interference and eavesdropping – Less bandwidth than fixed networks– Capacity variation and latency– High bit error rate


Wireless QoS• QoS is a big concern at all layers

• Physical layer : offered bandwidth, coding, modulation, … (OFDM, OFDMA, …)– Minimize transmission errors– Maximize bandwidth

• Link layer : Access method (CDMA, TDMA, CSMA, ..)– Maximize number of users– Optimize bandwidth usage

• Network layer: traffic differentiation (IP)– Optimize bandwidth usage– Guarantee QoS for upper layers

• Transport and Application layers– Adaptation to network state

5


Usecase 1: WiFi QoS• CSMA/CA: Carrier Sense

multiple Access with Collision Avoidance

• IFS: InterFrame Spacing• D: Distributed• P: Point• S: Short

Listen before sendOthers

Frame


Usecase1: WiFi-QoS

• CSMA/CA:– Fair sharing of ressources– No QoS

CSMA/CA

Physical Layer

Web Packets Video Packets FTP Packets


Usecase1: WiFi-QoS

• CSMA/CA QoS behaviour– Distance from AP

11 Mbps

2Mbps

6


Usecase1: WiFi-QoS

• CSMA/CA QoS behaviour: – Number of active nodes


Usecase1: WiFi-QoS; 802.11e


Usecase2: Wimax QoS

• Wimax Topologies

PMP Mesh

7


Usecase2:Wimax QoS

1 to 3 miles25 miles3 to 5 miles1 to 30 milesTypical cellradius

1.25-20MHz25 MHz or 28 MHz1.25-20MHz25 MHz or 28 MHzChannel bandwidth

MobilefixedFixedFixedMobility

UnkownProbably 0FDMA

SC, SCa, OFDM, OFDMA and HUMAN

OFDM 256 subcarriersQPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

Modulation

15 Mbps120Mbps75 Mbps120MbpsBit Rate

Non line of sightNon line of sight andLine of sight

Non line of sightLine of sight onlyChannel conditions

<6GHz10-66GHz & <11GHz<11GHz10 to 66 GHzSpectrum

802.16e802.16d (2004)802.16a(2003)802.16(2001)

• TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access• Real time applications


Usecase2: WiMax QoS

• Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS)– Real-time, periodic fixed size packets (e.g. T1 or VoIP)

• Real-Time Polling Service (rtPS)– Real-time, periodic variable sizes packets (e.g MPEG)

• Non-Real-Time Polling Service (nrtPS)– Variable sized packets with loose delay requirements

(e.g. FTP)

• Best Effort Service


Usecase2: Wimax-QoS• Accepting PDU from higher layer• Classifying it to its appropriate CID • Associating it to the appropriate service flow

8


Wireless-Security

• Link layer security• Wireless link is vulnerable

– Eavesdropping– Denial of Service– Man-in-The-middle– …

• Need to:– Identify and authenticate users (AAA service)– Protect data (Encryption)


Usecase: WiFi-securityIEEE 802.11i

• Use of security policy• TKIP replaces WEP• Authentication : 802.1x framework• Encryption : AES

– AES-PSK (Pre Shared Key)• Dynamic key management• WPA2


Usecase: WiFi-securityIEEE 802.11i Security Policy

Probe Request

Probe Response

Association Request

Association Response

List

en

(1)

Authenticationprocedure

Aut

hent

icat

ion

(2)

Ass

ocia

tion

(3)

Policy exchange

802.1x

9


Usecase: WiFi Security: 802.1x

RADIUS - Access Request

EAPOL - Start

EAP – Response (Identity)

EAP – Request (Identity)

EAP – Success

EAPOL - Logoff

EAP – Fail

EAP – Response (Challenge)

EAP – Request (Challenge) RADIUS - Access Challenge

RADIUS - Access Request

RADIUS - Access Accept

RADIUS - Access Reject

Suplicant Authenticator AAA Server


Wireless-Mobility

• Layer 2 mobility support• 802.11 f : roaming between AP from

different constructors (IAPP)• 802.11 r : Fast roaming to support VoIP• 802.16 e : Mobility support in Wimax

(WiMobile)• 802.21 : universal mobility and VHO

(Media Independent Handover)


Usecase: Wireless-mobilityIEEE 802.21-MIH

10


Wi-family Vs Cellular-family• Is the answer : 4G?

• ITU definition: 4G network is a network offering 1Gbps on static use and up to 100Mbps on the move.

• 4G : integration of heterogeneous wireless and cellular networks

• 4G: cellular network based on pure packet switching technology, high speed and bandwidth

• Which application for 4G?: Mobile TV…

• Need of simple IP and IP mobility


Internet and mobility

• Mobility concept• Mobility protocols• Mobility and QoS• Mobility and Security


Mobility Concept

Continuous mobilityDevice Mobility Personal Mobility

Device Mobility (Mobile IP)Personal Mobility (SIP)

Continuous MobilityPersonal MobilitySeamless Personal

Mobility (VHE)

All-IPIETF (IP)Cellular Systems

11


Mobility Concept

• Mobility categories– Single Node mobility (Mobile IP)– Personal Mobility (SIP: Session Initiation Protocol)– Manets (Mobile Ad hoc networks)– Nemo (Network mobility)


Mobility Concept

• Mobility Functions– Registration– Location Update– Paging– Handover– Re-routing


Mobility protocols

IP Basic Mobility protocolsMobile IP v4

Route OptimizationMobile IPv6

Proxy Agents based Architecture

Localized Enhanced Routing Schemes

Hierarchical Mobile IPv6Regional Tunnel

management….

Per Host Forwarding (Cellular IP, Hawaii)

Multicast based

Manet based

12


Mobile IPv4

Base StationBS

router

Foreign AgentIP Address: FA

Mobile NodeIP Adress: MN

Care of Adress: CoA

`Corespondent Node

IP Adress: CN

Home AgentIP Address: HA

Home Network

Foreign Network

IP Sourse: HAIP Dest: CoA

IP Source: CNIP Dest: MN

IP Sourse: MNIP Dest: CN

IP Sourse: CNIP Dest: MN

Registration Request

IP Source: CoAIP Dest: HA

Registration Reply

IP Source: HA or FAIP Dest: CoA

Mobile IP Registration/Location Update

Procedure

Mobile IP Packet Forwarding Procedure


Relevant Features of IPv6• Address Autoconfiguration

– Stateless autoconfiguratoin• Network Prefix + Interface ID

– Stateful autoconfiguration• DHCPv6

• Neighbor Discovery– Discover each other’s presence and find routers– Determine each other’s link-layer addresses– Maintain reachability information


Mobile IPv6 Operation

• Home Agent Registration

� �

Internet

� � �

Home Agent

Correspondent Node

Mobile Node

Router

Router

Router

Home LinkLink A

Link B

Link C

(1) Binding Update(2) Binding Acknowledgement

(1)

(2)

13



• Route Optimization– To avoid triangle routing

� �

Internet

� � �

Home Agent

Correspondent Node

Mobile Node

Router

Router

Router

Home LinkLink A

Link B

Link C

(1) Packet(2) Tunneled Packet(3) Packet

(2)

(1)(3)



• Route Optimization

� �

Internet

� � �

Home Agent

Correspondent Node

Mobile Node

Router

Router

Router

Home LinkLink A

Link B

Link C

(1) Binding Update(2) Packet

(1)

(2)


Major Differences between MIPv4 and MIPv6

• No FA in Mobile IPv6– Mobile IPv6 requires every mobile node to

support• IPv6 Decapsulation• Address Autoconfiguration• Neighbor Discovery

14


Handover

• Three kinds of handover operations– Smooth Handover

• Minimizes data loss during the time that the MN is establishing its link to the new access point

– Fast Handover• Minimizes or eliminates latency for establishing

new communication paths to the MN at the new access router

– Seamless Handover• Both Smooth and Fast Handover


Micro mobility: HMIP ( Hierarchical)• Two temporary adresses:

– RCoA– LCOA

• One permanente address (home address)

• MAP: Mobility Anchor Point


Micro Mobility: Fast Mobie IP

15


Micro mobility: Cellular IP


Telco Network

Mobility and QoS

Wireless network

Mobile B

Mobile A

Access point

Circuit

IP Network?

?

Mobile B

Mobile A

Packet

Mobilité IP: connectivity+QdS!Mobilité Telco: Connectivity


IntServ: MRSVP• Mobile RSVP• 3 classes of service

– MIG: Mobility Independent Guarantees

– MIP: Mobility Independent Predictive

– MDP: Mobility Dependant Predictive

• passive or active reservation

• Object MSPEC: Mobility Specification, includes the list of cells to be possibly visited by the MN

Active reservation

Passive reservation (depending on mobility spec)

Sender

To locations on MSPEC

16


DiffServ: ITSUMO• Internet Technologies

Supporting Universal Mobile Operation

• In each domain: QGS: QoS Global Server

• At the access node: QLN: QoS Local Node

• QGS make resource reservation for the MN

• MN negotiates with the QGS the service level, it is specified in his profile

• DSNP: Dynamic Service Negotiation Protocol


Seamoby and Context Transfer• Each MN has a context stored in the current access router• The context is composed of different parameters: QoS, security,

…• CTP protocol: Context Transfer Protocol


Mobility-security

• Network layer security• MN, HA, CN are vulnerable• Traffic redirection attack• Need strong authentication of MN (AAA

service)• Need data protection (Encryption)

17


False Binding Updates

A B

C

source = Cdestination =

B

False BU

Stolen data

Attacker


Mobile IPv6 security

• Return Routability (RR) test for HoA and CoA

HoA

CoA

HACN

2a. HoT

1b. CoTI

3. BU

2b. CoT

CNESP tunnel

1a. HoTI

4. BA


Cellular, Wireless and Internet

• Fixed + Cellular : Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC) where IMS is the All IP core network and SIP is the signaling protocol

• Cellular + Wireless : 4G

• But Where is Mobile IP??

18


SIP in IMS


SIP Architecture


SIP based session management

19


Conclusions• Facts:

– Packet switching is the winner: is it IP?– IP over wireless: QoS, security, mobility is still

ongoing work– Wireless internet is already deployed

• Internet services over wireless link– Mobile Internet is still ongoing work– VoIP over fixed and wireless link already

deployed– Mobile VoIP is still ongoing work


Conclusions• In the future, 4G could be:

– A new cellular network ?– Wimax mobile ?– Integration of cellular and wireless networks ?

• The enabling technology of the integrated 4G:– 802.21, MIH ?– Mobile IP ?

• Who will be then “the bottleneck”: IP or the wireless link?


References

• William Srallings: Réseaux et Communications sans fil

• Traité IC2: Réseaux Ambiants, Édition Hermes• Traité IC2: Mobilité et réseaux sans fil, Édition

Hermes• http://www.rfcafe.com/references/electrical/wirel

ess_comm_specs.htm• Traité Hermes IC2: Sécurité dans les réseaux

sans fil et mobiles, avant fin 2006

wireless and mobile internet - telecom & management …defude/ubimob06/chaouchiubimob06.pdf ·...

Documents