wine

Screenshot of "Wine Internet Explorer", a simpleshell of Wine-Gecko, running on Ubuntu.

Original author(s) Alexandre JulliardDeveloper(s) Wine authors

(https://source.winehq.org/source/AUTHORS)(1,424)

Initial release 4 July 1993Stable release 1.6.2 / August 17, 2014Preview release 1.7.47 / July 10, 2015Development status ActiveWritten in COperating system Unix-like systemsPlatform Cross-platformSize 21.1 MB (compressed)Type Compatibility layerLicense GNU LGPL v2.1+Website winehq.org

(https://winehq.org/)

Wine

Wine (software)From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaWine (recursive acronym for WineIs Not an Emulator) is a free andopen source compatibility layersoftware application that aims toallow applications designed forMicrosoft Windows to run onUnix-like operating systems. Winealso provides a software library,known as Winelib, against whichdevelopers can compile Windowsapplications to help port them toUnix-like systems.[1]It duplicates functions of Windowsby providing alternativeimplementations of the DLLs thatWindows programs call,[2] and aprocess to substitute for theWindows NT kernel. This method ofduplication diers from othermethods that might also beconsidered emulation, whereWindows programs run in a virtualmachine.[3] Wine is predominantlywritten using black-box testingreverse-engineering, to avoidcopyright issues.[4]The name Wine initially was anacronym for Windows emulator.[5]Its meaning later shifted to therecursive backronym, Wine is notan emulator in order todierentiate the software from CPUemulators.[6] While the namesometimes appears in the formsWINE and wine, the projectdevelopers have agreed tostandardize on the form Wine.[7]The phrase "wine is not an

Wine (software) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_(software)?

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emulator" is a reference to the fact that no processor code execution emulationoccurs when running a Windows application under Wine. "Emulation" usuallyrefers to the execution of compiled code intended for one processor (such as x86)by interpreting/recompiling software running on a dierent processor (such asPowerPC). Such emulation is almost always much slower than execution of thesame code by the processor for which the code was compiled. In Wine, theWindows application's compiled x86 code runs at full native speed on thecomputer's x86 processor, just as it does when running under Windows. Windowssystem services are also supplied by Wine, in the form of wineserver.In a 2007 survey by desktoplinux.com of 38,500 Linux desktop users, 31.5% ofrespondents reported using Wine to run Windows applications.[8] This pluralitywas larger than all x86 virtualization programs combined, as well as larger thanthe 27.9% who reported not running Windows applications.[9]

Contents1 History

1.1 Corporate sponsorship2 Software architecture

2.1 Gallium3D3 Functionality

3.1 Backward compatibility3.2 64-bit applications3.3 Third-party applications3.4 Windows CE3.5 MS-DOS3.6 Compatibility for Internet Explorer

4 Other versions of Wine4.1 CrossOver4.2 Cedega / WineX4.3 Cider4.4 [email protected] Darwine4.6 Wine for Android4.7 Pipelight/wine-compholio4.8 Other projects using Wine source code

5 Reception5.1 Security5.2 Wine vs. native Unix applications5.3 Microsoft

6 See also


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7 References8 Further reading9 External links

HistoryBob Amstadt, the initial project leader, and Eric Youngdale started the Wineproject in 1993 as a way to run Windows applications on Linux. It was inspired bytwo Sun Microsystems' products, the Wabi for the Solaris operating system, andthe Public Windows Initiative,[10] which was an attempt to get the Windows APIfully reimplemented in the public domain as an ISO standard but rejected due topressure from Microsoft in 1996.[11] Wine originally targeted 16-bit applicationsfor Windows 3.x, but as of 2010 focuses on 32-bit and 64-bit versions which havebecome the standard on newer operating systems. The project originated indiscussions on Usenet in comp.os.linux (news:comp.os.linux) in June 1993.[12]Alexandre Julliard has led the project since 1994.The project has proven time-consuming and diicult for the developers, mostlybecause of incomplete and incorrect documentation of the Windows API. WhileMicrosoft extensively documents most Win32 functions, some areas such as leformats and protocols have no publicly available specication from Microsoft.Microsoft Windows also includes undocumented low-level functions and obscurebugs that Wine must duplicate precisely in order to allow some applications towork properly.[13] Consequently, the Wine team has reverse-engineered manyfunction calls and le formats in such areas as thunking.The Wine project originally released Wine under the same MIT License as the XWindow System, but owing to concern about proprietary versions of Wine notcontributing their changes back to the core project,[14] work as of March 2002 hasused the LGPL for its licensing.[15]Wine oicially entered beta with version 0.9 on 25 October 2005.[16] Version 1.0was released on 17 June 2008,[17] after 15 years of development. Version 1.2 wasreleased on 16 July 2010,[18] version 1.4 on 7 March 2012[19] and version 1.6 on18 July 2013.[20] Development versions are released roughly every two weeks.Corporate sponsorshipThe main corporate sponsor of Wine is CodeWeavers, which employs Julliard andmany other Wine developers to work on Wine and on CrossOver, CodeWeavers'supported version of Wine. Crossover includes some application-specic tweaksnot considered suitable for the WineHQ version, as well as some additionalproprietary components.[21]


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ClamWin GUI

The involvement of Corel for a time assisted the project, chiey by employingJulliard and others to work on it. Corel had an interest in porting WordPerfectOice, its oice suite, to Linux (especially Corel Linux). Corel later cancelled allLinux-related projects after Microsoft made major investments in Corel, stoppingtheir Wine eort.[22]Other corporate sponsors include Google, which hired CodeWeavers to x Wine soPicasa ran well enough to be ported directly to Linux using the same binary as onWindows; Google later paid for improvements to Wine's support for AdobePhotoshop CS2. Wine is also a regular beneciary of Google's Summer of Codeprogram.[23][24]

Software architectureWine implements the Windows application binaryinterface (ABI) entirely in user space, rather thanas a kernel module. Services normally provided bythe kernel in Windows[25] are provided by adaemon known as the wineserver, whose task is toimplement basic Windows functionality, as well asintegration with the X Window System, andtranslation of signals into native Windowsexceptions.Although Wine implements some aspects of theWindows kernel, it is not possible to use nativeWindows drivers with it, due to Wine's underlyingarchitecture. This prevents certain applications andgames from working, such as some copy-protected applications and games. (somecopy-protection systems such as StarForce need to install virtual device drivers towork)Wine is primarily developed for Linux, but the OS X, FreeBSD, and Solaris (SPARCwas dropped in 1.5.26) ports are currently (as of August 2013) well maintained,although a packaged le for Mac isn't available.[26][27] Wine is also available forNetBSD and a number of other systems via pkgsrc. Since October 2010, Wine alsoworks on the ARM platform when used as Winelib (which lets developers compileWindows code on Linux using Wine as a library).[28] Some versions of Wine's DLLsare available for Microsoft Windows,[29] but Wine does not fully compile or run onWindows yet.[30]

Gallium3DThe Gallium3D driver model creates a module called Gallium3D State Tracker.A free and open-source Gallium3D State Tracker was written for Microsoft


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An animation showing progress inapplication compatibility according totest results from Wine AppDB (click onthe picture to see the animation).

Software that runs awlessly("Platinum")

Software that runs awlessly withconguration ("Gold")

Software with minor Issues ("Silver") Software with major Issues

("Bronze") Unusable software ("Garbage")

Direct3D 9 in C (and another one for Direct3D 10 written in C++ which has notbeen maintained). After some modication to Wine, it is now possible to useDirect3D 9 games without the requirement to translate Direct3D calls intoOpenGL calls, thus gaining a huge performance boost. [31]

FunctionalityThe developers of the Direct3D portionsof Wine have continued to implement newfeatures such as pixel shaders to increasegame support.[32] Wine can also usenative DLLs directly, thus increasingfunctionality, but then a license forWindows is needed unless the DLLs weredistributed with the application itself.winecfg is a GUI conguration utilityincluded with Wine. Winecfg makesconguring Wine easier by making itunnecessary to edit the registry directly,although, if needed, this can be done withthe included registry editor (similar toWindows regedit). Wine also includes itsown open-source implementations ofseveral other Windows programs, such asnotepad, wordpad, control, iexplore, andexplorer.The Wine Application Database AppDB isa community-maintained database aboutwhich Windows applications work withWine, and how well they work.Backward compatibilityWine ensures good backward compatibility with legacy Windows applications,including those written for Windows 3.1.[33] Wine can mimic dierent Windowsversions required for some programs, going as far back as Windows version2.0.[34] However, Windows 1.x and Windows 2.x support was removed from Winedevelopment version 1.3.12. If DOSBox is installed on the system (see below onMS-DOS), Wine development version 1.3.12 and later nevertheless show the"Windows 2.0" option for the Windows version to mimic, but Wine still won't runmost Windows 2.0 programs because MS-DOS and Windows functions are notcurrently integrated.


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A screenshot showing howWine can be congured tomimic dierent versions ofWindows, going as far backas Windows 2.0 as shown.

Backward compatibility in Wine is superior to thatof Windows, as newer versions of Windows canforce users to upgrade legacy Windowsapplications. In many cases, Wine can oer betterlegacy support than newer versions of Windowswith "Compatibility Mode". As illustrated byscreenshot on the left, Wine can run 16-bitWindows programs on a 64-bit operating system,which uses an x86-64 (64-bit) CPU. 64-bit versionsof Microsoft Windows cannot run 16-bit Windowsprograms.[35]Wine partially supports Windows consoleapplications, and the user can choose whichbackend to use to manage the console (choicesinclude[36] raw streams, curses, and user32). Whenusing the raw streams or curses backends,Windows applications will run in a Unix terminal.64-bit applicationsPreliminary support for 64-bit Windows applications was added to Wine 1.1.10, inDecember 2008.[37] This requires at least gcc version 4.4, and the Winedevelopers expect that it will take signicant time before support stabilizes.However, as almost all Windows applications are currently available in 32-bitversions, and the 32-bit version of Wine can run on 64-bit platforms, this is seen asa non-issue.The 64-bit port of Wine also has preliminary WoW64 support (as of April 2010),which allows both 32-bit and 64-bit Windows applications to run inside the sameWine instance.[38]

Third-party applicationsSome applications require more tweaking than simply installing the application inorder to work properly, such as manually conguring Wine to use certain WindowsDLLs. The Wine project does not integrate such workarounds into the Winecodebase, instead preferring to focus solely on improving Wine's implementationof the Windows ABI. While this approach focuses Wine development on long-termcompatibility, it makes it diicult for users to run applications that requireworkarounds. Consequently, many third-party applications have been created toease the use of those applications that don't work out of the box within Wine itself.The Wine wiki maintains a page of current and obsolete third-partyapplications.[39]


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Pegasus Mail running viaWine, version 1.1.42. (Thefont smoothing is enabled byusing winetricks.)

Winetricks is a script to install some basiccomponents (typically Microsoft DLLs andfonts) required for some applications to runcorrectly under Wine. The Wine project willaccept bug reports for users of Winetricks,unlike most third-party applications. It ismaintained by Wine developer Dan Kegel.[40]Q4Wine is an open Gui for advanced setup ofWine.Wine-Doors is an application-management toolfor the GNOME desktop which addsfunctionality to Wine. Wine-Doors is analternative to WineTools which aims toimprove upon WineTools' features and extendon the original idea with a more modern design approach.[41]IEs4Linux is a utility to install all versions of Internet Explorer, includingversions 4 to 6 and version 7 (in beta).[42]CrossOver, proprietary software intended for OS X and Linux.[26]Wineskin is a utility to manage Wine engine versions and create wrappers forOS X.[43]PlayOnLinux is an application to ease the installation of Windows applications(primarily games). There is also a corresponding Macintosh version calledPlayOnMac.Bordeaux is a proprietary Wine GUI conguration manager that runs winelibapplications. It also supports installation of third-party utilities, installation ofapplications and games, and the ability to use custom congurations.Bordeaux currently runs on Linux, FreeBSD, PC-BSD, Solaris, OpenSolaris,OpenIndiana,[44][45] and Mac OS X computers.

Windows CEWine will not run Windows CE programs. There is an ongoing project to port Wineto ARM processors, which may in the future be used as a base for a WineCErunning Windows CE programs.[46] However, there is a pre-alpha proof-of-conceptversion of Wine that can run Windows CE programs called WineCE.MS-DOSEarly versions of Microsoft Windows run on top of MS-DOS and Windowsprograms may depend on MS-DOS programs being runnable. Wine does not havegood support for MS-DOS, but starting with development version 1.3.12, Winetries running MS-DOS programs in DOSBox if DOSBox is available on thesystem.[47] However, due to a bug, current versions of Wine incorrectly identify


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Windows 1.x and Windows 2.x programs as MS-DOS programs, attempting to runthem in DOSBox (which does not work).[48]

Compatibility for Internet ExplorerInternet Explorer can be installed directly on Wine. However, it is notrecommended to do so, since it crashes or does not work well on current versionof wine which currently has poor support for Internet Explorer. Internet Explorer5 can be installed on Wine 1.3.9 but crashes frequently.[49] Internet Explorer 5.5 isbuggy on Wine 1.3.6,[50] and Internet Explorer 6 refuses to install on Wine1.6-rc5.[51] Internet Explorer 7 32-bit version does not work very well on1.5.11,[52] and 64-bit version does not load web pages on 1.6-rc5.[53] InternetExplorer 8 also crashes constantly on Wine 1.6.[54] Internet Explorer 9 (both32-bit[55] and 64-bit[56]) and 10[57] cannot be installed.An alternative for installing Internet Explorer directly is to use IEs4Linux.However, It is not compatible with latest versions of Wine,[58] and thedevelopment of IEs4Linux is still inactive.

Other versions of WineThe core Wine development aims at a correct implementation of the Windows ABIas a whole and has sometimes lagged in some areas of compatibility with certainapplications. Direct3D, for example, remained unimplemented until 1998,[59]although newer releases have had an increasingly complete implementation.[60]

CrossOverCodeWeavers markets CrossOver specically for running Microsoft Oice andother major Windows applications, including some games. CodeWeavers employsAlexandre Julliard to work on Wine and contributes most of its code to the Wineproject under the LGPL. CodeWeavers also released a new version calledCrossover Mac for Intel-based Apple Macintosh computers on 10 January 2007.[61]CrossOver now includes the functionality of both the CrossOver Games andCrossOver Pro lines therefore CrossOver Games and CrossOver Pro are no longeravailable as single products.[62]CrossOver Games was optimized for running Windows video games. UnlikeCrossOver, it didn't focus on providing the most stable version of Wine. Instead,experimental features are provided to support newer games.[63]

Cedega / WineX


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TransGaming Technologies produced the proprietary Cedega software. Formerlyknown as WineX, Cedega represented a fork from the last MIT-licensed version ofWine in 2002. Much like Crossover Games, TransGaming's Cedega was targetedtowards running Windows video games. On 7 January 2011, TransGamingTechnologies announced continued development of Cedega Technology under theGameTree Developer Program. TransGaming Technologies allowed members tokeep using their Cedega ID and password until 28 February 2011.[64]

CiderTransGaming has also produced Cider, a library for AppleIntel architectureMacintoshes. Instead of being an end-user product, Cider (like Winelib) is awrapper allowing developers to adapt their games to run natively on Intel Mac OSX without any changes in source code.WINE@EtersoftThe Russian company Etersoft has been developing a proprietary version of Winesince 2006. WINE@Etersoft supports popular Russian applications (for example,1C:Enterprise by 1C Company).[65] For 2010, Etersoft was going to issueWINE@Etersoft CAD, which is oriented towards CAD systems such as AutoCAD,BricsCAD, and Compass-3D.DarwineDarwine is a port of the Wine libraries to Darwin and to Mac OS X for both thePowerPC and Intel x86 architectures. All patches for x86 version were mergedback into the main branch of Wine in 2009. Development on the PPC version wasabandoned. Mike Kronenberg previously created the WineHelper for Darwine toadd a gui and OS X style app for interacting with Wine, which was later replacedby Winebottler. Darwine now provides OS X compatible packages compiled fromthe Wine repository.[66]

Wine for AndroidOn 3 February 2013 at the FOSDEM talk in Brussels, Alexandre Julliarddemonstrated an early demo of Wine running on Google's Android operatingsystem.[67]

Pipelight/wine-compholioThe Pipelight Team has produced a custom version of Wine that acts as a wrapperfor Windows NPAPI plugins within Linux browsers.[68] This tool permits Linuxusers to run Microsoft Silverlight, the Windows version of Adobe Flash, and the


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WINE Solitaire running onAndroid

Unity web plugin, along with a variety of otherNPAPI plugins. The project provides an extensiveset of patches against the upstream Wineproject,[69] some of which occasionally getapproved and added to upstream Wine.Other projects using Wine source codeOther projects using Wine source code include:

ReactOS, a project to write an operatingsystem compatible with Windows NT versions5.x and up (which includes Windows 2000 and its successors) down to thedevice driver level. ReactOS uses Wine source code considerably, butbecause of architectural dierences, ReactOS code (such as dlls writtenspecically for it, like ntdll, user32, kernel32, gdi32, and advapi) is notgenerally reused in Wine.[70] In July 2009, Aleksey Bragin, the ReactOSproject lead, started[71] a new ReactOS branch called Arwinss,[72] and it wasoicially announced in January 2010.[73] Arwinss is an alternativeimplementation of the core Win32 components, and uses mostly unchangedversions of Wine's user32.dll and gdi32.dll.Winebottler, a wrapper around Wine in the form of a normal Mac Application.Manages multiple wine congurations for dierent programs in the form of"bottles."Wineskin, an open source Wine GUI conguration manager for Mac OS X.Wineskin creates a wrapper around Wine in the form of a normal MacApplication. The wrapper can also be used to make a distributable "port" ofsoftware.[74]Odin, a project to run Win32 binaries on OS/2 or convert them to OS/2 nativeformat. The project also provides the Odin32 API to compile Win32 programsfor OS/2.E/OS, a project attempting to allow any program designed for any operatingsystem to be run without the need to actually install any other operatingsystem.Rewind, a defunct MIT-licensed fork of the last MIT-licensed version of Wine.Parallels Desktop for Mac, a proprietary product that uses some Wine codefor its DirectX handling.VirtualBox, a virtual machine that uses some Wine code for its Direct3Dhandling.WinOnX, a commercial package of Wine for OS X that includes a GUI foradding and managing applications and virtual machines.

Reception


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The Wine project has received a number of technical and philosophical complaintsand concerns over the years.SecurityBecause of Wine's ability to run Windows binary code, concerns have been raisedover native Windows viruses and malware aecting Unix-like operatingsystems.[75] Wine can run most malware, but programs running in Wine areconned to the current user's privileges, restricting some undesirableconsequences. For this reason the developers of Wine recommend never runningit as the superuser.[76] Malware research software such as ZeroWine[77] runs Wineon Linux in a virtual machine, to keep the malware completely isolated from thehost system.Another security concern is when the implemented specications are ill-designedand allow for security compromise. Because Wine implements these specs, it willalso implement any security vulnerabilities they contain.[78]

Wine vs. native Unix applicationsA common concern about Wine is that its existence means that vendors are lesslikely to write native Linux, Mac OS X, and BSD applications. As an example ofthis, it is worth considering IBM's 1994 operating system, OS/2 Warp. An articledescribes the weaknesses of OS/2 which killed it, the rst one being:

OS/2 oered excellent compatibility with DOS and Windows 3.1applications. No, this is not an error. Many application vendors arguedthat by developing a DOS or Windows app, they would reach the OS/2market in addition to DOS/Windows markets and they didn't developnative OS/2 applications.[79]

The Wine project itself responds to these complaints on one of its wiki pages:

For most people there remain a handful of programs locking them in toWindows. It's obvious there will never be a Microsoft Oice ported toLinux, however older versions of programs like TurboTax won't beported either. Similarly, there are tens of thousands of games andinternal corporate applications which will never be ported. If you wantto use Linux and rely on any legacy Windows application, something likeWine is essential... Wine makes Linux more useful and allows formillions of users to switch who couldn't otherwise. This greatly raisesLinux marketshare, drawing more commercial and communitydevelopers to Linux.[80]


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Also, the Wine Wiki page claims that Wine can help break the chicken-and-eggproblem for Linux on the desktop:[81]

This brings us to the chicken and egg issue of Linux on the desktop.Until Linux can provide equivalents for the above applications, itsmarket share on the desktop will stagnate. But until the market share ofLinux on the desktop rises, no vendor will develop applications forLinux. How does one break this vicious circle?Again, Wine can provide an answer. By letting users reuse the Windowsapplications they have invested time and money in, Wine dramaticallylowers the barrier that prevents users from switching to Linux. This thenmakes it possible for Linux to take o on the desktop, which increasesits market share in that segment. In turn, this makes it viable forcompanies to produce Linux versions of their applications, and for newproducts to come out just for the Linux market. This reasoning could bedismissed easily if Wine was only capable of running Solitaire. However,now it can run Microsoft Oice, multimedia applications such asQuickTime and Windows Media Player, and even games such as MaxPayne or Unreal Tournament 3. Almost any other complex applicationcan be made to run well given a bit of time. And each time that work isdone to add one application to this list, many other applications benetfrom this work and become usable too. Have a look at our ApplicationDatabase to get an idea on what can be run under Wine.

The use of Wine for gaming has proved specically controversial in the Linuxcommunity, as some feel it is preventing, or at least hindering, the further growthof native gaming on the platform.[82][83]

MicrosoftMicrosoft has not made public statements about Wine. However, the MicrosoftUpdate software will block updates to Microsoft applications running in Wine. On16 February 2005, Ivan Leo Puoti discovered that Microsoft had started checkingthe Windows registry for the Wine conguration key and would block the WindowsUpdate for any component. Puoti wrote, "It's ... the rst time they've broken radiosilence on the project."[84]

See alsoColumbia CycadaDarling (software)Executor (software)


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Linux kernel APIWindows Interface Source Environment

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39. "winetricks" (http://wiki.winehq.org/winetricks). Oicial Wine Wiki. Retrieved3 January 2009.

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41. "IEs4Linux" (http://www.tatanka.com.br/). Tatanka.com.br. Retrieved 27 April 2010.42. "Wineskin" (http://wineskin.urgesoftware.com/).43. "OpenIndiana Bordeaux announcement" (http://openindiana.org/pipermail/openindiana-discuss/2010-October/thread.html#544). OpenIndiana-announce mailinglist. Retrieved 1 October 2010.

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"Bordeaux group press release" (http://www.bordeauxgroup.com/press-release/bordeaux-openindiana). Bordeaux group site. Retrieved 1 October 2010.

45. "ARM support" (http://wiki.winehq.org/ARM). The Oicial Wine Wiki. Retrieved20 August 2011.

46. "[Wine] Re: Wine sometime really surprise me" (https://winehq.org/pipermail/wine-users/2011-March/087629.html). Retrieved 15 February 2013.

47. "WineHQ Bugzilla Bug 26715 Win1.0 executable triggers Dosbox"(https://bugs.winehq.org/show_bug.cgi?id=26715). Retrieved 15 February 2013.

48. "WineHQ - Internet Explorer 5.0" (https://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=version&iId=8). Retrieved 15 January 2014.

49. "WineHQ - Internet Explorer 5.5" (http://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=version&iId=240). Retrieved 15 January 2014.

50. "WineHQ - Internet Explorer 6.0" (http://appdb.winehq.org/appview.php?versionId=469). Retrieved 15 January 2014.

51. "WineHQ - Internet Explorer 7.0 (32-bit)" (http://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=version&iId=4195). Retrieved 15 January 2014.

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/objectManager.php?sClass=version&iId=23214&iTestingId=67441). Retrieved15 January 2014."WineHQ - Internet Explorer 9.0 for NT 6.1 (64-bit)" (http://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=version&iId=23215). Retrieved 15 January 2014.

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57. "So far, I do not manage to install IES4Linux" (https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-users/2012-June/261480.html). 22 June 2012.

58. Vincent, Brian (3 February 2004). "WineConf 2004 Summary" (https://winehq.com/?issue=208). Wine Weekly News (208) (WineHQ.org). Retrieved 3 January 2009.

59. "Wine Status - DirectX DLLs" (https://winehq.org/status/directx). WineHQ.org.Retrieved 3 January 2009.

60. "CodeWeavers Releases CrossOver 6 for Mac and Linux" (http://tech.slashdot.org/story/07/01/10/1924235/codeweavers-releases-crossover-6-for-mac-and-linux).Slashdot. Retrieved 3 January 2009.

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63. "GameTree Developer Program" (https://gametreelinux.com). gametreelinux.com.Retrieved 2 January 2011.

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"Mac OS X at WineHQ" (http://wiki.winehq.org/MacOSX). WineHQ. Retrieved20 March 2013.

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"wine-compholio-daily README" (https://github.com/compholio/wine-compholio-daily). github. Retrieved 4 April 2014.

69. "Developer FAQ" (http://www.reactos.org/en/dev_faq.html). ReactOS. Retrieved25 May 2009.

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73. "Wineskin FAQ" (http://wineskin.urgesoftware.com/tiki-index.php?page=FAQ).doh123. Retrieved 7 November 2012.

74. Matt Moen (26 January 2005). "Running Windows viruses with Wine"(http://archive09.linux.com/feature/42031). Retrieved 23 October 2009.

75. "Should I run Wine as root?" (http://wiki.winehq.org/FAQ?action=recall&rev=312#head-96bebfa287b4288974de0df23351f278b0d41014). Wine Wiki FAQ.

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Wikimedia Commonshas media related toWine (software).

Oicial Wine Wiki. 7 August 2009. Retrieved 24 August 2009."ZeroWine project home page" (http://zerowine.sourceforge.net/).77. "Linux/BSD still exposed to WMF exploit through WINE!" (http://www.zdnet.com/blog/ou/linuxbsd-still-exposed-to-wmf-exploit-through-wine/146).

78. Michal Necasek. "OS/2 Warp history" (http://pages.prodigy.net/michaln/history/os2warp/index.html).

79. Bernhard Rosenkraenzer. "Debunking Wine Myths" (http://wiki.winehq.org/Debunking_Wine_Myths#head-9af2c83644754ac9805dc929403ca0440c96c383).

80. "Why Wine is so important" (http://wiki.winehq.org/ImportanceOfWine). Retrieved11 December 2011.

81. Ports vs. Wine (http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20010511055620/http://www.gamespy.com/articles/may01/wine/) Gamespot (Article by James Hills)

82. An Interview With A Linux Game Porter (http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=linux_gaming_frank&num=3) Phoronix, 3 July 2009(Article by Michael Larabel)

83.

Puoti, Ivan Leo (18 February 2005). "Microsoft genuine downloads looking for Wine"(http://linux.slashdot.org/story/05/02/17/1318212/microsoft-blocking-wine-users-from-downloads-site). wine-devel (Mailing list). Archived from the original(https://winehq.org/pipermail/wine-devel/2005-February/033868.html) on 17 February2005. Retrieved 23 January 2006.

84.

Further readingJeremy White's Wine Answers - Slashdot interview with Jeremy White ofCodeWeaversJeremy White interview on the "Mad Penguin" web-siteAppointment of the Software Freedom Law Center as legal counsel torepresent the Wine projectWine: Where it came from, how to use it, where it's going - a work by DanKegel

External linksWine Development HQ (https://winehq.org/) -the oicial homepage of the Wine Project

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wine_(software)&oldid=672358562"Categories: Wine (compatibility layer) Compatibility layers Linux APIsComputing platforms Cross-platform software Free system softwareLinux emulation software Free software programmed in C 1993 software


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