wind energy system
DESCRIPTION
Wind Energy System. By: Andy Brown, Basheer Qattum & Ali Gokal Advisors: Dr. Na & Dr. Huggins. Outline. Introduction Hardware Software Results Future Steps. History of Wind Energy Utilization. ADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Wind Energy SystemBy: Andy Brown, Basheer Qattum & Ali Gokal
Advisors: Dr. Na & Dr. Huggins
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Outline
IntroductionHardwareSoftwareResultsFuture Steps
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History of Wind Energy Utilization
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ADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER Wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured
efficientlyWind does not cause green house gases or other pollutantsAlthough wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a
small plot of landExcellent source for remote areas not connected to a gridWind turbines have a role to play in both the developed and
third worldAvailable in a range of sizes meaning a vast range of people
and businesses can use themEnvironmentally FriendlyEconomically Competitive
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Goals
Output maximum power despite fluctuating wind conditions.
Utilize power electronics to perform conversions
Successfully implement a DSP board to have a greater degree of control over our system to harness optimal energy
To create a system that is applicable with real world industry
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Functional Requirements (Hardware)
• Shall be able to produce .75 kilowatt but not more then 5 kilowatts
• Shall be able to convert wind power to single phase AC power
• Must be able to maximize wind power conversion
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Wind-Electric Systems
Induction Generators, Directly Connected to the Grid
Doubly-Fed, Wound Rotor Induction Generators
Power Electronics Connected Generator
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Top Level Diagram
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Functional Description
Sub Systems•Generator
•Diode Rectifier
•Boost Converters
•Inverter
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Brushless DC Motor
Due to complications with size and Lab requirements, PMSG still.Max Current 5.4 AMax Speed 3600 RPMMax Voltage 160 VMax Power 750 W
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Brushless DC MotorFrequency RPM 3-phase-to-neutral
5 150 2.420 600 19.540 1200 40.560 1800 6180 2400 82
100 3000 87120 3600 104
ɳ=(120*f)/(poles)
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Brushless DC Motor
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Three-Phase Diode Rectifier
Max Peak Voltage 1600VMax Peak Current 300AMax Current 25AMax Voltage 600V
Output of DC generator after 3phase diode rectifier w/1.5mF Cap
V = I*R Vo=(1.35Vin – VDiode)P = I*V ɳ=(120*f)/(poles)Value of capacitor to ensure clear signalC=(Vp/2*f*Vr) =534μFTherefore we used 1.5mF
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Three-Phase Diode RectifierVINRMS
VOUTSIMULATION
VOUT THEORICIAL
PERCENT ERROR
10 14.1 13.5 4.44
20 28.5 27 5.56
40 56.5 54 4.63
60 84.5 87 4.2
80 113 108 4.07
120 169.5 162 4.63
Vin = 64.0 VVo = 84.0 VIo = 961 mASpeed = 3000 RPMR = 88ΩP = 80.72W
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Three-Phase Diode RectifierOutput of DC generator after 3phase diode rectifier w/o Cap
Vo = 85.0 VIo = 964 mASpeed = 3000 RPM
Current
DC Voltage
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Three-Phase Diode RectifierOutput of DC generator after 3phase diode rectifier w/1.5mF Cap
Vin = 64.0 VVo = 84.0 VIo = 961 mASpeed = 3000 RPM
DC Voltage
3φ Voltage
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Interleaved Boost Converter
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Boost ConverterV Input Duty-Cycle Freq Vout-exp Vout-
actual
5 20% 30000 6.25 7.5
5 40% 30000 8.33 9.01
5 60% 30000 12.5 12.5
5 80% 30000 25.0 24.25
Vo=Vin/(1-D), or for more accurate values, Vo= {[(VIn-VIGBT*D)/(1-D)] – VDiode}
IGBT: Switching Freq up to 300kHzMax voltage at 600V Max current at 60A
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Boost Converter
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Most time consuming part of Boost converterGate Driver
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Gate Driver • Gate to emitter (pulse) ±30V• Gate to emitter (cont) ±20V• Max Gate Current ±250uA• Gate driver output +18V• 120/14 VAC-RMS 17.89VDC
• Output up too 600V• Current up to 2A• Shutdown mode for protection
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Gate Driver
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Software
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Functional Description
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DSP Board - TI TMS320F2812PWM Generation
16-Bit16 PWM outputs0 V – 3.3 V
ADC12-BitAnalog Input: 0 V - 3 V
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Controller Implementation Process
SIMULINK
CODE COMPOSER
DSP
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Testing CircuitSingle Channel Boost Converter
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SimulationOpen-Loop Controller
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Testing CircuitOpen Loop Controller
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Testing HardwareOutput Results
Duty Cycle Vo (scope) Vo (DSP) 20% 6.0 V 5.2 V30% 6.8 V 5.9 V40% 7.5 V 6.9 V50% 8.8 V 8.1 V60% 10.4 V 9.7 V70% 12.9 V 12.4 V80% 16.7 V 16.2 V
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Testing HardwareOutput
• Duty Cycle: 20%
• Input Voltage: 5.00 V
• Output Voltage: 6.00 V
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Voltage Controller Simulation
1=(s)G(s)G ips
s
k+sk=(s)G ip
id
oLps sL
V=(s)
(s)d
(s)i=(s)G ~
~
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Voltage Controller
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Voltage ControllerOutput
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Voltage-Current ControllerSimulation
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Voltage-Current Controller
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Boost Converter Controller VS. Interleaved Boost Controller
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Interleaved Boost ConverterOpen-Loop Controller
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Interleaved Boost ConverterOpen-Loop Controller
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Interleaved Boost ConverterOpen-Loop ControllerOutput
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Single Phase Inverter ControllerSinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation
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Unipolar PWM
Vout = Vd When T1,T4 is ON
Vout=-Vd When T2,T3 is ON
Vout=0 When T1,T3 or T2,T4 is ON
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Unipolar PWM
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LC Filter
Magnitude Bode Plot for Second-Order LC Filter
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LC Filter
• Chose L = .125mH
• Yields C = 240uF
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Inverter Controller Simulation
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Inverter Controller Simulation
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Interver Unipolar PWM Controller
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Inverter SPWM - Output
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Future Work - ControllerClosed-Loop Voltage and Current Controller
for Two-Channel Interleaved Boost ConverterMaximum Power Point Tracking ControllerSingle-Phase Inverter Controller with Unity
Power Factor Correction
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Interleaved Boost Converter Voltage-Current ControllerSame Controller as designedNeed to output two PWM signal
The second PWM signal has to been delayed by half the period
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Interleaved Boost ConverterSimulation
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Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)
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MPPTPerturbation and Observation Method (P&O)
MPPT algorithm adjusts duty cycle to achieve
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MPPT – System Diagram
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MPPT - Flowchart
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MPPTCurrent Controller Design
1=(s)G(s)G ips
s
k+sk=(s)G ip
i
d
oLps sL
V=(s)
(s)d
(s)i=(s)G ~
~101
102
103
104
105
-50
0
50
100amplitude response in dB
101
102
103
104
105
-91
-90.5
-90
-89.5
-89phase response in degree
frequency in Hz
degr
ee
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Single-Phase Inverter Controller with Unity Power Factor CorrectionSystem Diagram