Old Garden Roses: Yesterday & Today

• Short history of Rose Development

• Roses that thrive in the California Coastal garden

Ancient History

1. Roses appear in historical fossil records 70,000 years ago

2. Early civilizations incl. Chinese, Greeks, Egyptians and Romans grew roses widely

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Species Hybrid: Rosa californica plena (Unknown)

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Species: Rosa canina (bef 1557)

Species: Rosa chinensis var. spontanea ‘Dark Pink’ (unknown)

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Species: Rosa sempervirens (1629)

Hybrid Spinossisima: Harison’s Yellow-1830

Rosa gallica officinalis/Apothecary’s Rose (bef 1240)

Middle Ages

1. Early Middle Ages-Roses disappeared from most home gardens, existing predominantly in monastery gardens

2. The crusades led to wider distribution

Renaissance

1. Roses go across the pond

2. First OGR cultivars appeared in paintings

3. Increase in herbal texts & the rose’s use in medicine

Rosa centifolia/Cabbage Rose (bef 1450)

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Rosa damascena/Damask (bef 1560)

Rosa abla semi-plena (bef 1629)

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Common Moss (bef 1696)

18th to 19th Century

1. Distribution through merchant sea trade

a) Four stud roses – Chinas

2. Increased culitvation

3. Explosion in popularity due to Empress Josephine

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Park’s Yellow Tea Scented China Hume’s Blush Tea Scented China

Old Blush Slater’s Crimson China

FAB 4 STUDS

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Portland: Rose de Rescht (bef 1900)

Bourbon: Madame Isaac Periere (1881)

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Bourbon: Souvenir de la Malmaison (1843)

19th to 20th Century

1. Advent of Rose shows and standardization of rose aesthetic

a) Focus on bloom over plant

b) Hybrid Perpetuals exclipse all other classes

c) Leads to what is perceived as a ‘rose’ today

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Hybrid Perpetual: Grandmother’s Hat (Found Rose)

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Hybrid Perpetual: Souvenir du Docteur Jamain (1865)

Roses for the California Coastal Garden1. Pick the right rose for the right location

a) Care free maintenance-disease resistance

b) Durability

c) OGRs vs Modern HTs

2. Old garden rose classesa) Teas

b) Noisettes

c) Chinas

d) Hybrid Musks

e) Polyanthas

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Tea: Lady Hillingdon (1910)

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LADY HILLINGDON rose photo courtesy of

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Tea: Duchesse de Brabant (1857)

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Noisette: Blush Noisette (1814)

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Tea Noisette: Gloire de Dijon (1850)

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China: Cramoisi Superior (1825)

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China: Mutabilis (bef 1894)

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Hybrid Musk: Buff Beauty (1939)

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Polyantha: Cécile Brünner (1880)

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Hybrid Tea: Madame Caroline Testout (1890)

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Hybrid Tea: Fragrant Cloud (1963)

Old Garden Roses: Yesterday & Today

1. OGR’s are a genetic piece of history in our gardens

2. OGR’s are superb garden plants and can thrive for centuries