wildlife
TRANSCRIPT
A PRESENTATION ON :-
WILDLIFE
THE TROPICAL REGIONTropical forests are found near the Earth's equator. There are two main types of tropical forest: the rainforest and the seasonal forest. Both get more than 8.5 feet of rain every year. Seasonal forests have a wet season and a dry season. However, in the rainforest there isn't a dry season. In a tropical rainforest it rains regularly throughout the year.
Tropical forests are the home to a huge number of animal species. In fact, the number of species living in these two types of tropical forests is more than all other habitats combined.
The lion (Panthera Leo) is one of the five big cats in the genus Panthera and a member of the family Felidae. The commonly used term African lion collectively denotes the several subspecies found in Africa. With some males exceeding 250 kg (550 lb) in weight, it is the second-largest living cat after the tiger. Wild lions currently exist in sub-Saharan Africa and in Asia (where an endangered remnant population resides in Gir Forest National Park in India) while other types of lions have disappeared from North Africa and Southwest Asia in historic times. Until the late Pleistocene, about 10,000 years ago, the lion was the most widespread large land mammal after humans. They were found in most of Africa, across Eurasia from western Europe to India, and in the Americas from the Yukon to Peru. The lion is a vulnerable species, having seen a major population decline in its African range of 30–50% per two decades during the second half of the 20th century. Lion populations are untenable outside designated reserves and national parks. Although the cause of the decline is not fully understood, habitat loss and conflicts with humans are currently the greatest causes of concern. Within Africa, the West African lion population is particularly endangered.
THE LION
THE DEERDeer (singular and plural) are the ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. Species in the family include the white-tailed deer, mule deer (such as the black-tailed deer), elk, moose, red deer, reindeer (caribou), fallow deer, roe deer, pudú and chital. Male deer of all species (except the Chinese water deer) and female reindeer grow and shed new antlers each year. In this they differ from permanently horned animals, such as antelope, which are in the same order as deer and may bear a superficial resemblance to them.
The musk deer of Asia and water chevrotain (or mouse deer)
of tropical African and Asian forests are not usually regarded as true deer and form their own families: Moschidae and Tragulidae,
respectively.
THE TEMPERATE REGIONSome of the widest range of climates are found in the temperate forests of the world. Temperate forests can be either deciduous or evergreen. Deciduous forests contain primarily trees which lose their leaves in the winter. In the past there were more deciduous forests, but many of these forests were cleared to make land for growing crops.
Temperate forests are the home to a large amount of wildlife, but they do not have as many different animal species as tropical forests.
THE RHINOCEROSRhinoceros , often abbreviated as rhino, is a group of five extant species of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae. Two of these species are native to Africa and three to Southern Asia.Members of the rhinoceros family are characterized by their large size (they are some of the largest remaining mega fauna, with all of the species able to reach one tonne or more in weight); as well as by an herbivorous diet; a thick protective skin, 1.5–5 cm thick, formed from layers of collagen positioned in a lattice structure; relatively small brains for mammals this size (400–600 g); and a large horn. They generally eat leafy material, although their ability to ferment food in their hindgut allows them to subsist on more fibrous plant matter, if necessary.
THE FOXFoxes are small to medium sized omnivorous mammals belonging to several genera of the Canidae family. Foxes are slightly smaller than a medium-size domestic dog, with a flattened skull, upright triangular ears, a pointed, slightly upturned snout, and a long bushy tail (or brush).
The word fox comes from Old English, which derived from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz. This in turn derives from Proto-Indo-European *puḱ- ‘thick-haired; tail’. Male foxes are known as dogs, tods or reynards, females as vixens, and young as cubs, pups, or kits. A group of foxes is referred to as a skulk, leash, or earth.
THE GRASSLAND REGIONGrasslands are areas filled with tall growing grasses. Grasslands are too dry for many trees to grow. All the continents of the world except Antarctica contain some grassland. Grasslands differ around the world, from the prairies of North America to the African Savanna.
No matter which continent, grasslands support a wide variety of animal life. Large numbers of birds, grazing mammals, reptiles, insects and predators live throughout the grasslands of the world.
THE ELEPHANTElephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscides. Two species are traditionally recognized, the African elephant (Loxodonta Africana) and the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), although some evidence suggests that African bush elephants and African forest elephants are separate species (L. Africana and L. cyclotis respectively). Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Male African elephants are the largest extant terrestrial animals and can reach a height of 4 m (13 ft) and weigh 7,000 kg (15,000 lb). All elephants have several distinctive features the most notable of which is a long trunk or proboscis, used for many purposes, particularly breathing, lifting water and grasping objects. Their incisors grow into tusks, which can serve as weapons and as tools for moving objects and digging. Elephants' large ear flaps help to control their body temperature. Their pillar-like legs can carry their great weight. African elephants have larger ears and concave backs while Asian elephants have smaller ears and convex or level backs.
THE GIRAFFEThe giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is an African even-toed ungulate mammal, the tallest living terrestrial animal and the largest ruminant. Its species name refers to its camel-like shape and its leopard-like colouring. Its chief distinguishing characteristics are its extremely long neck and legs, its horn-like ossicones, and its distinctive coat patterns. It is classified under the family Giraffidae, along with its closest extant relative, the okapi. The nine subspecies are distinguished by their coat patterns.
The giraffe has intrigued various cultures, both ancient and modern, for its peculiar appearance, and has often been featured in paintings, books, and cartoons. It is classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as Least Concern, but has been extirpated from many parts of its former range, and some subspecies are classified as Endangered. Nevertheless, giraffes are still found in numerous national parks and game reserves.
THE DESERT REGIONDeserts are dry. Deserts are extreme. True deserts get less than 6 inches of rain per year. There are also semi-deserts, which are desert like, but get more rain (up to 16 inches per year). True deserts have very few plants. Semi-desert habitats have enough rainfall to support more plant and animal life.
Deserts (especially true deserts) are not easy places for animals to live. Animals who live in them often have special features that help them survive.
A camel is an even-toed ungulate within the genus Camelus, bearing distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back. The two surviving species of camel are the dromedary, or one-humped camel (C. dromedarius), which inhabits the Middle East and the Horn of Africa; and the bactrian, or two-humped camel (C. bactrianus), which inhabits Central Asia. Both species have been domesticated; they provide milk, meat, hair for textiles or goods such as felted pouches, and are working animals with tasks ranging from human transport to bearing loads.The term "camel" is derived via Latin and Greek (camelus and κάμηλος kamēlos respectively) from Hebrew or Phoenician gāmāl.
"Camel" is also used more broadly to describe any of the six camel-like mammals in the family Camelidae: the two true camels and the four New World camelids: the llama, alpaca, guanaco, and vicuña of South America.
THE CAMEL
Hyenas or hyaenas (from Greek ὕαινα hýaina) are the animals of the family Hyaenidae /haɪˈɛnɨdiː/ of the feliform suborder of theCarnivora. With only four extant species, it is the fifth-smallest biological family in the Carnivora, and one of the smallest in the classMammalia. Despite their low diversity, hyenas are unique and vital components of most African ecosystems.
Although phylogenetically they are closer to felines and viverrids, hyenas are behaviorally and morphologically similar to canines in several aspects; both hyenas and canines are nonarboreal, cursorial hunters that catch prey with their teeth rather than claws. Both eat food quickly and may store it, and their calloused feet with large, blunt, nonretractable nails are adapted for running and making sharp turns. However, the hyenas' grooming, scent marking, defecating habits, mating, and parental behaviour are consistent with the behaviour
THE HYENA
THE POLAR REGIONPolar Regions are the coldest places on earth. The Arctic of the north is partly frozen ocean surrounded by mostly barren, and often frozen, land. The south's Antarctic is an ice covered continent that is surrounded by stormy oceans. Although the two polar regions are similar in many ways, the animal life between them differs.
In the Arctic many animals live on the land. In the Antarctic the animals live almost entirely where the ice meets the ocean. Fewer animal species live in the Antarctic than in the Arctic.
THE POLAR BEARBears are mammals of the family Ursidae. Bears are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivores, with the pinnipeds being their closest living relatives. Although only eight species of bears are extant, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats throughout the Northern Hemisphere and partially in the Southern Hemisphere. Bears are found on the continents of North America, South America, Europe, and Asia.Common characteristics of modern bears include large bodies with stocky legs, long snouts, shaggy hair, plant grade paws with five no retractile claws, and short tails. While the polar bear is mostly carnivorous, and the giant panda feeds almost entirely on bamboo, the remaining six species are omnivorous with varied diets
THE ARCTIC FOXThe Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), also known as the white
fox, polar fox, or snow fox, is a small fox native to
the Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and common
throughout the Arctic tundra biome. It is well adapted to living
in cold environments. It has a deep thick fur which is brown in
summer and white in winter. Its body length ranges from 46 to
68 cm (18 to 27 in), with a generally rounded body shape to
minimize the escape of body heat.
The Arctic fox preys on any small creatures such
as: lemmings, voles, ringed seal pups, fish, waterfowl,
and seabirds. It also eats carrion, berries, seaweed, insects,
and other small invertebrates. Arctic foxes
form monogamous pairs during the breeding season and they
stay together to raise their young in complex underground
dens. Occasionally, other family members may assist in raising
their young.
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