REFERENCING

LECTURER: CAROL PINTO

LECTURE 5

AIMWhy Reference?

How to Reference

WHY REFERENCE?

Acknowledging a source

• Gives credit to the original author.

• Makes it clear to the reader that you are not plagiarizing!

• Helps your readers find the original source.

• Makes it easier for you to find the source later.

• Gives your work credibility.

WHEN TO REFERENCE

Make sure you reference material that you use• As the source of a particular theory, argument or viewpoint

• For specific information, such as statistics, examples, or case studies

• For direct quotations (reproducing the writer’s exact words)

• For information which you paraphrase rather than quote

WHAT TO INCLUDE

• The name & initials of the author(s)• The title (in full)• The year of publication• The edition (if relevant)• Location of the publisher• Name of the publisher• Relevant page numbers• For electronic materials, the web page address

SIMPLE PHILOSOPHY

Surname(s) Year Page Number(s)

WHERE DO WE PUT THIS INFORMATION?

1) In the body of the text – (in-text citation)

WHERE DO WE PUT THIS INFORMATION?

2) At the end of the work – (reference list in alphabetical order)

LET’S HAVE SOME FUN !!!

Tom Scientist -- cure for cancer.

Dick successful player -- Manchester United.

Harry Fresh graduate -- Harvard.

Jill 60 year old running -- presidential elections.

Gray just released from rehab -- ten years of addiction.

SACRIFICIAL LAMB

IN-TEXT CITATIONS

• Short direct quotations (within text)

As Phillips and Lindgren note, “Commercial radio is driven by the prime imperative of generating its own revenue” (2002, 4).

IN-TEXT CITATIONS• Long direct quotations (indented with space above & below)

Thus Time Warner, Warner Bros and New Line Cinema produce and distribute motion pictures that are shown on the companies’ cable networks.

A big shot at Disney or Time Warner can say, “It doesn’t make a difference whether it’s movies, books, television, magazines, or cable. Everybody has to come to us.” It’s a very explicit strategy. These corporations are larger and control more media than ever (Bagdikian 1997, 35).

As the media monopoly expands in all directions, it is difficult to see a place for citizens’ participation in the vast media corporations.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS

• Indirect quotations or paraphrasing

There is no doubt that commercial radio has nothing but generating money at the heart of its philosophy. It has no other way to survive (Phillips and Lindgren 2002, 4).

THE LIST OF REFERENCES

Books

• One Author:Doniger, Wendy. 1999. Splitting the Difference. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

• Two Authors:Cowlishaw, Guy, and Robin Dunbar. 2000. Primate Conservation Biology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

EASY WAY OUT!

EXERCISE

TITLE : Marketing Management

AUTHOR(S) : Philip Kotler, Kevin Keller, Mairead Brady, Malcolm Goodman, Torben Hansen

PUBLISHER: Pearson Prentice Hall, London

YEAR: 2009

PAGE NUMBER: 56-59