Why “PUNDA MILIA” did not became

domestic animal

Takatoshi AKAI

231 JOCV

KWS Malindi Marine Park

Outline

• What is domestic animals

• The era big mammals became domestic animals

• Big animals which failed to become domestic animal

• The 6 reasons why some animals did not become domestic animals

What is domestic animals

Domestic animal is what we usually raise up to eat.

Major 5 species• Sheep• Goat• Caw• Pig• Hose

Minor 9 species（①～③）①Arabian camel

②Camel with two humps

③Llama and alpaca

Minor 9 species（④～⑥）④Donkey

⑤Reindeer

⑥Water buffalo

Minor 9 species（⑦～⑨）⑦Gyak

⑧Bali caw

⑨Gaur

The era big mammals became domestic animals

　　Animal Era Place• Dog 10000 years ago SW Asia, China, US• Sheep 8000 years ago SW Asia• Goat 8000 years ago SW Asia• Pig 8000 years ago SW Asia, China• Cow 6000 years ago SW Asia, India, US• Hose 4000 years ago Ukraine• Donkey 4000 years ago Egypt• Water buffalo 4000 years ago China• Llama/Alpaca 3500 years ago Andes• Camel with 2 humps 2500 years ago Central Asia• Arabian Camel 2500 years ago Arabia

Big animals which failed to become domestic animal (on going now)

• Eland

• Wapiti

• Moose/Elk

• Ovibos moschatus (Jako-ushi)• Zebra

• America Bison

①The problem of feeding• The case of big carnivals• Only 10% of feed become flesh and blood• It cost a lot to make big carnivals to be

domestic animal

LionCow

450KGMeiz4.5t

②The problem of grow up speed

• Gorilla and elephant eat anything and we can get a lot of meat from them.

• However, they grow up slowly, so difficult to gain money from them.

③The problem of breeding

• Ancient Egyptian, Assyrian, and Indian used to had many cheetah for hunting.

• A emperor in Mughal Empire had 1000 cheetah, but he could not succeed breeding.

• Some male cheetah chase female cheetah for few days, they female cheetah become heat up.

• If cheetah caught in cage, they cannot heat up, so cannot mating.

④The problem of temper

• African buffalo make a group, which has strict order.

• African buffalo is one of the most dangerous creature in Africa, we cannot estimate what they will do next.

• Even lion crime up the tree to escape from irritated buffalo

• Their weight is up to 4 tons.

• They are herbivore.

• However, they kill many human every year.

• The number of human, killed by other animals is always top.

• 4 kinds of zebraEquus grevyi

Equus zebra

Equus quaggaEquus burchelli burchelli

• In 19th century, mzungu tried to draw a cart by zebra in South Africa.

1) However, once zebra get old, they become furious temper.

2) Also, once zebra bite human, they will not release him.

※The number of keepers in zoo, who has bitten by zebra are much more than bitten by tiger or lion.

• Even professional Caw Boy, it is almost impossible to catch zebra by rope.

• Because, zebra nod their head quickly when the rope come after them.

• Therefore, to put saddle on their back is very difficult.

⑤Easy to be panic in character

• They are very nervous.• Once put them in cage, they become panic and

die by shock. • Or even tackle to cage to escape until they die.• They break cage, run up to 80km, and jump up

to 10m.

⑥Without create a group• Domestic animals have 3 common

social order1. Create group and live together

2. Make sure the order. They know who is the boss.

3. Life without territory. Many groups live together in the place.

Ex) The group of horse has 1 male and 6 female and children.

When the group move, they know who goes first in a line.

Usually, top female goes first,

then other lower females follow her,

Children follow mother, but younger child goes first.

※This habit could see in other animals, such as goat, sheep, or caw.

Therefore, the species move by oneself, such as leopard cannot become domestic.

Conclusion

• Therefore, we found difficulties to be domestic some animals, except major 5 species and minor 9 species.

• In Kenya, there are many kinds of species living in. However, there is no species originally in Kenya became domestic animals. Domestic animals came from other places.