WHY DO PEOPLE OF 1 ETHNIC BACKGROUND SOMETIMES FAIL

TO SEE OTHERS AS HUMAN TOO?

OBJ: TO TRACE CAUSE AND EFFECT OF ETHNIC CLEANSING &

GENOCIDE IN THE WORLD

FAST 5

• GIVE 2 EXAMPLES OF ETHNIC CLEANSING• DEFINE BALKANIZATION• WHY IS ETHNIC CONFLICT SO WIDESPREAD

IN AFRICA?• DURING WHAT EVENT WAS THE LARGEST

FORCED MIGRATION IN THE WORLD?• WHAT ARE THE 4 ETHNICITIES FOUND IN THE

UK?

ETHNIC DIVERSITY, COMPETITION & VIOLENCE IN BALKAN PENINSULA

• WWI BOUNDARIES• YUGOSLAVIA’S COMPLEXITY• WHAT WAS THE CENTRIPETAL

FORCE FOR SUCH COMPLEXITY?

• HISTORICALLY HOTBED OF UNREST

• POST WWI -1980 STABLE• DEATH OF RULER REVIVED

DORMANT RIVALRIES AMONG ETHNICITIES/NATIONALITIES

• OVERNIGHT LOCAL GOV’T UNITS BECAME FULLY INDEP COUNTRIES & ARGUMENTS OVER BORDERS

• SELF-DETERMINATION (ABILITY OF A GOV’T TO DETERMINE THEIR OWN COURSE FROM FREE WILL) FOR SOME & NOT FOR OTHER ETHNCITIES

ETHNIC CLEANSING IN BOSNIA • BOSNIA MULTI-ETHNIC SO ‘NATIONALITY’ DIFFICULT

• MUSLIMS, SERBS, CROATS• ETHNIC CLEANSING PROCESS

WHERE A MORE POWERFUL ETHNIC GROUP FORCIBLY REMOVE A LESS POWERFUL ONE IN ORDER TO CREATE AN ETHNICALLY HOMOGENOUS REGION

• REMOVAL OF B. MUSLIMS- ETHNICITY NOT NATIONALITY

• DAYTON ACCORDS 1996 DIV-IDED B&H INTO 3 REGIONS

• SERBIA MULTI-ETHNIC BUT…• KOSOVO & ETHNIC

CLEANSING• NATO 1999 ATTACK LED TO

KOSOVO INDEPENDENCE• BALKANIZED: SMALL GEO

AREA THAT COULDN’T SUCCESSFULLY BE ORG INTO STABLE NATION(S)

• BALKANIZATION: PROCESS BY WHICH STATE BREAKS DOWN THROUGH ETHNIC CONFLICT

• MULTI-ETHNIC VS. HOMOGENEITY????

ETHNIC CLEANSING & GENOCIDE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

IDENTIFY ‘COLORED’ COUNTRIES ON YOUR MAP

SUDAN, ETHIOPIA, SOMALIA – ETHNIC CONFLICT IN ALL THESE AREAS

SUDAN: SINCE 1980’S – S. SUDAN, DARFUR, EASTERN FRONT BLACK CHRISTIANS & ANIMISTS OPPOSED MUSLIM LED GOV’T

POLICIES NORTH-SOUTH WAR 1983-2005 S. SUDAN CREATED 2011 BUT FIGHTING CONTINUES OVER

BORDERS NEW ETHNIC CONFLICT IN DARFUR ON HEELS OF RELIGIOUS ONE CHARGES OF WAR CRIMES AGAINST SUDANESE GOV’T DUE TO

GENOCIDE IN DARFUR GENOCIDE: MASS KILLING OF A GROUP OF PEOPLE IN AN

ATTEMPT TO ELIMINATE ENTIRE GROUP FROM EXISTENCE ETHIOPIA & ERITREA: ITALIAN HISTORY & WWII BOUNDARIES ETHIOPIAN INDEPENDENCE POST WWII & ERITREA UNDER

ETHIOPIA NO AUTONOMY FOR ERITREA & CIVIL WAR LED TO FORCED

MIGRATION OF ERITREAN’S TO SUDAN SOMALIA: SUNNI, SOMALI LANGUAGE – NATION STATE :

INDEPENDENT COUNTRY DOMINATED BY A RELATIVELY HOMOGENOUS CULTURE GROUP

CENTRAL AFRICA• COLONIAL LEGACY• RWANDA: HUTU’S & TUTSI’S:

SAME LANGUAGE, SIMILAR BELIEFS & CUSTOMS & LITTLE PHYSICAL DIFFERENCES SO WHY GENOCIDE?

• FARMERS VS. HERDERS (DARFUR)• WHO CONTROLLED THE GOV’T• HUTU’S ATTACKED TUTSI’S

• CONGO: OVERFLOW OF HUTU/TUTSI CONFLICT INTO CONGO

• DEADLIEST WAR SINCE WWII 5.4M• WHO CONTROLLED THE GOV’T

• PRESENT DAY BOUNDARIES DON’T MATCH ETHNIC BOUNDARIES

• SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA BOUNDARIES FOR EURO’S NOT NATIVE AFRICANS

• TIRBE MOST IMPORTANT UNIT OF AFRICAN SOCIETY & IGNORED IN DRAWING BOUNDARIES