TOGAVIRIDAE(RUBELLA)

Rubella (often referred to as German measles or3-

day measles)

GENOME CONTENT

• whose members commonly have a genome of single-stranded RNA of positive polarity which is enclosed by an icosahedral capsid.

• No DNA stage.• The outer membrane is a lipid bilayer containing

specialized glycoproteins (E1 and E2) believed to be responsible for attachment to host cells.

• Replication is slow with a latency period of 8-12 hours

MODES OF TRANSMISSION• Person-to-person transmission• - via direct or droplet contact with the respiratory

secretions of infected persons• - coughing, sneezing• Spread from mother to fetus during pregnancy• - resulting Congenital Rubella Syndrome

(CRS)• Rubella virus likely enters cells via endocytosis.

VIRAL MORPHOLOGY• Rubella viruses is the member of genus rubivirus.• This virus belong to the family togoviridae• Rubella virus is the pathogenic agent of the

disease rubella• Enveloped viruses• The virus particles ranged in size between 500

and 750Å and appeared to be ragged• The virus is spherical and ranges from 40 nm

(nanometres) to 80 nm in diameter.

TREATMENT

• There is currently no treatment that can kill the rubella virus because rubella is caused by a virus, so antibiotics are not effective.

• Therefore, treatment focuses on providing relief of rubella symptoms as the body fights the infection. This is called supportive care.

• Supportive care can include rest and medications (such as paracetamol or ibuprofen ) to control fever or pain.

• Treatment of newly born babies is focused on management of the complications such as congenital heart defects and cataracts. It can be treated by direct surgery.

• Vaccine : measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is given to most children.

If you have rubella, you should:

• stay off work for six days from the start of the rash.• keep your child off school for six days from the

start of their rash (if they have rubella).• avoid any contact with pregnant women for at

least a week after the start of the rash.

* When rubella have been diagnose during the pregnancy, antibodies such as hyperimmune globulin will be given and that can fight off the infection. This can reduce the symptoms but doesn't eliminate the possibility of the baby developing congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).