whirling disease ( myxobolus cerebralis )
DESCRIPTION
Whirling Disease ( Myxobolus cerebralis ). Eric Stock Bio. 4800. History Distribution Species Infected Life Cycle Breeding Resistance. Outline. European Origin First recorded in Germany (1903) Introduced to the United States (1950s) Now Worldwide distribution. Where did WD come from?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Whirling Disease ( Myxobolus cerebralis )](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061420/56815175550346895dbfad7e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Whirling DiseaseWhirling Disease(Myxobolus cerebralis)(Myxobolus cerebralis)
Eric StockBio. 4800
![Page 2: Whirling Disease ( Myxobolus cerebralis )](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061420/56815175550346895dbfad7e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
OutlineOutline
History
Distribution
Species Infected
Life Cycle
Breeding Resistance
![Page 3: Whirling Disease ( Myxobolus cerebralis )](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061420/56815175550346895dbfad7e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Where did WD come from?Where did WD come from?
European Origin
First recorded in Germany (1903)
Introduced to the United States (1950s)
Now Worldwide distribution
![Page 4: Whirling Disease ( Myxobolus cerebralis )](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061420/56815175550346895dbfad7e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
World DistributionWorld Distribution
![Page 5: Whirling Disease ( Myxobolus cerebralis )](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061420/56815175550346895dbfad7e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Whirling Disease ( Myxobolus cerebralis )](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061420/56815175550346895dbfad7e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Canada???Canada???
Currently no literature reporting WD in Canada
Approaching Albertan and British Columbian Borders
![Page 7: Whirling Disease ( Myxobolus cerebralis )](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061420/56815175550346895dbfad7e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Species Species SusceptibilitySusceptibility
0 = Resistant
1 = Partial Resistance
2 = Susceptible
3 = Highly Susceptible
S = Susceptibility unclear
![Page 8: Whirling Disease ( Myxobolus cerebralis )](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061420/56815175550346895dbfad7e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Native to Alberta Non-native Species
Bull Trout
Cutthroat Trout
Lake Trout
Rainbow Trout
Brook Trout (Eastern Canada) 1903
Brown Trout (Europe/Asia) 1924
Golden Trout (California) 1959
Trout in Trout in AlbertaAlberta
![Page 9: Whirling Disease ( Myxobolus cerebralis )](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061420/56815175550346895dbfad7e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Life CycleLife Cycle Primary Host = Trout/Salmon
Secondary Host= Tubifex Worms
TAM = infective stage
Spores can survive 20-30 years in mud
Juveniles less than 5 months
= most susceptible
![Page 10: Whirling Disease ( Myxobolus cerebralis )](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061420/56815175550346895dbfad7e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1. Myxobolus cerebralis spore 2. Tubifex Worms
3. TAMs (Triactinomyxon) 4. Infected Trout
![Page 11: Whirling Disease ( Myxobolus cerebralis )](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061420/56815175550346895dbfad7e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Whirling Disease ( Myxobolus cerebralis )](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061420/56815175550346895dbfad7e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Parasite TransferParasite Transfer
![Page 13: Whirling Disease ( Myxobolus cerebralis )](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061420/56815175550346895dbfad7e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Bird/Mammal Transfer?Bird/Mammal Transfer?
Myxospores have been found in digestive tract of piscivorous birds
Avian vector is still unclear
Myxobolus cerebralis is very specificTrout/salmon only
Fish eating mammals can’t be infected by the parasite
Eating fish will not infect YOU with WD
![Page 14: Whirling Disease ( Myxobolus cerebralis )](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061420/56815175550346895dbfad7e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Breeding Resistance?Breeding Resistance? Microarray analysis – examined expression changes in
resistant and susceptible strains of rainbow trout after exposure to M. cerebralis
Hatchery rainbow trout from Germany (Hofer strain) Acquired a degree of resistance to whirling disease Higher than any domestic rainbow strains Comparable to that of brown trout Native to Europe (asymptomatic) to WD Susceptible rainbow trout (US) Trout Lodge
![Page 15: Whirling Disease ( Myxobolus cerebralis )](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061420/56815175550346895dbfad7e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ResultsResultsFor both the resistant Hofer and susceptible Trout
Lodge rainbow trout strains:
Response to infection linked with the interferon system
Metallothionein B was differentially expressed between the resistant and susceptible strains
A good candidate for future whirling disease resistance studies
![Page 16: Whirling Disease ( Myxobolus cerebralis )](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061420/56815175550346895dbfad7e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ConclusionConclusion
The identified genes have allowed insight into trout’s immune response and resistance to whirling disease infection.
Additional studies crossed the resistant Hofer strain with a susceptible CRR strain (Colorado River rainbow trout )
Resistance to whirling disease was inherited by offspring
Management: to re-establish trout in areas affected by WD
![Page 17: Whirling Disease ( Myxobolus cerebralis )](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061420/56815175550346895dbfad7e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ReferencesReferences Baerwald, M.R, Welsh, A.B, Hedrick, R.P, May. B. 2008. Discovery
of genes implicated in whirling disease infection and resistance in rainbow trout using genome-wide expression profiling. BMC Genomics. 9: 1471- 1482
Gilbert, M.A, Granath, W.O. 2003. Whirling Disease of Salmonid Fish: Life Cycle, Biology, and Disease. The Journal of
Parasitology. 89: 658-667 http://berryns.wordpress.com/2010/01/27/whirling-disease/ http://whirlingdisease.montana.edu/default.asp http://wildlife.state.co.us/Research/Aquatic/WhirlingDisease/
WDResistantTroutBroodstock.htm http://www.srd.alberta.ca/BiodiversityStewardship/WildSpecies/
Fish/Default.aspx http://www.thebowriver.com/whirling_disease_tu.htm http://www.tu.org/whirling-disease
![Page 18: Whirling Disease ( Myxobolus cerebralis )](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061420/56815175550346895dbfad7e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Questions?Questions?
Be Nice!