Download - Whirling Disease ( Myxobolus cerebralis )
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Whirling DiseaseWhirling Disease(Myxobolus cerebralis)(Myxobolus cerebralis)
Eric StockBio. 4800
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OutlineOutline
History
Distribution
Species Infected
Life Cycle
Breeding Resistance
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Where did WD come from?Where did WD come from?
European Origin
First recorded in Germany (1903)
Introduced to the United States (1950s)
Now Worldwide distribution
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World DistributionWorld Distribution
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Canada???Canada???
Currently no literature reporting WD in Canada
Approaching Albertan and British Columbian Borders
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Species Species SusceptibilitySusceptibility
0 = Resistant
1 = Partial Resistance
2 = Susceptible
3 = Highly Susceptible
S = Susceptibility unclear
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Native to Alberta Non-native Species
Bull Trout
Cutthroat Trout
Lake Trout
Rainbow Trout
Brook Trout (Eastern Canada) 1903
Brown Trout (Europe/Asia) 1924
Golden Trout (California) 1959
Trout in Trout in AlbertaAlberta
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Life CycleLife Cycle Primary Host = Trout/Salmon
Secondary Host= Tubifex Worms
TAM = infective stage
Spores can survive 20-30 years in mud
Juveniles less than 5 months
= most susceptible
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1. Myxobolus cerebralis spore 2. Tubifex Worms
3. TAMs (Triactinomyxon) 4. Infected Trout
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Parasite TransferParasite Transfer
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Bird/Mammal Transfer?Bird/Mammal Transfer?
Myxospores have been found in digestive tract of piscivorous birds
Avian vector is still unclear
Myxobolus cerebralis is very specificTrout/salmon only
Fish eating mammals can’t be infected by the parasite
Eating fish will not infect YOU with WD
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Breeding Resistance?Breeding Resistance? Microarray analysis – examined expression changes in
resistant and susceptible strains of rainbow trout after exposure to M. cerebralis
Hatchery rainbow trout from Germany (Hofer strain) Acquired a degree of resistance to whirling disease Higher than any domestic rainbow strains Comparable to that of brown trout Native to Europe (asymptomatic) to WD Susceptible rainbow trout (US) Trout Lodge
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ResultsResultsFor both the resistant Hofer and susceptible Trout
Lodge rainbow trout strains:
Response to infection linked with the interferon system
Metallothionein B was differentially expressed between the resistant and susceptible strains
A good candidate for future whirling disease resistance studies
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ConclusionConclusion
The identified genes have allowed insight into trout’s immune response and resistance to whirling disease infection.
Additional studies crossed the resistant Hofer strain with a susceptible CRR strain (Colorado River rainbow trout )
Resistance to whirling disease was inherited by offspring
Management: to re-establish trout in areas affected by WD
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ReferencesReferences Baerwald, M.R, Welsh, A.B, Hedrick, R.P, May. B. 2008. Discovery
of genes implicated in whirling disease infection and resistance in rainbow trout using genome-wide expression profiling. BMC Genomics. 9: 1471- 1482
Gilbert, M.A, Granath, W.O. 2003. Whirling Disease of Salmonid Fish: Life Cycle, Biology, and Disease. The Journal of
Parasitology. 89: 658-667 http://berryns.wordpress.com/2010/01/27/whirling-disease/ http://whirlingdisease.montana.edu/default.asp http://wildlife.state.co.us/Research/Aquatic/WhirlingDisease/
WDResistantTroutBroodstock.htm http://www.srd.alberta.ca/BiodiversityStewardship/WildSpecies/
Fish/Default.aspx http://www.thebowriver.com/whirling_disease_tu.htm http://www.tu.org/whirling-disease
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Questions?Questions?
Be Nice!