___ 10. Which of the following makes crocodilians unique compared with other reptiles?

A. a scute covering C. their predatory feeding behavior B. the laying of amniotic eggs D. a four-chambered heart

___ 11. What characteristic do turtles share with crocodilians?

A. a scute covering C. teeth that fit into grooves B. a shell formed of bony plates D. loosely hinged jaws

___ 12. How do reptiles force air into their lungs?

A. through buccal pumping C. by swallowing air B. by contraction of a diaphragm D. by contracting their rib muscles

___ 13. The teeth of most reptiles are primarily used for _

A. grabbing and holding C. grinding B. chewing D. all of these

___ 14. Which of the following statements about reproduction is true for all reptiles? A. Reptiles are oviparous. B. Reptiles exhibit internal fertilization. C. Reptiles exhibit parthenogenesis. D. Reptiles give little or no parental care for their young.

TRUE OR FALSE

Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write True or False in the blank beside each statement.

______ 15. A fish's scales reduce drag, allowing the fish to move more easily through water.

16. Fish include species that are herbivores as well as those that are carnivores.

17. Amphibians have both a central nervous system, consisting of a brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral nervous system.

18. Both frogs and salamanders use external fertilization during reproduction.

______ 19. Along with birds and mammals, reptiles are amniotes, animals whose developing embryos are surrounded by a sac containing cushioning and protective fluid.

______ 20. The order Squamata contains both lizards and crocodilians.

______ 21. Snakes are the only venomous reptiles.

_____ 22. Unlike snakes and lizards, alligators never shed their skin, but gradually replace it with new growth from the inside out.

______ 23. To conserve water, terrestrial reptiles generally excrete nitrogen-containing wastes as uric acid.

______ 24. With the exception of crocodilians, most reptiles exhibit little parental care for their young.

2 BIOLOGY Chapter 18