WHERE DOES THE MAJORITY OF THE MASS GO FROM THE FOOD YOU EAT?

coordinate plane- (‘co ‘or di nate plane)-the plane consisting of the “x” axis and the “y”axis

You could graph your age in years (x) and your height in inches (y) in a coordinate plane to get a visual picture of how your height has changed over the years.

THE MAJORITY OF THE MASS FROM FOOD YOU EAT GETS EXHALED AS CARBON DIOXIDE!!

DON’T BELIEVE ME?

All organisms need energy in order to carry out their every day functions. Such as breathing, walking, running, eating,

thinking, growing, etc. However, this energy has to come from

somewhere. Organisms are specialized to make this

energy!

ENERGY

2009-2010

ATP

What is energy in biology?

Adenosine TriPhosphate

Every organism needs ATP!

ATP = ADENOSINE TRI PHOSPHATE When energy is needed, the bond between the last two phosphates breaks, releasing a burst of energy

Adenosine

Adenosine

PPPPPP

ENERGY

ENERGY

PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS Producers: can make their own food/energy

Consumers: must eat other organisms in order to make energy

REACTIONS / CHEMICAL EQUATIONS Reactants = Materials in = Written on the left of the arrow Products = Materials out = Written on the right of the arrow Reactants Products

A + B C + D

Reactants Products

2 CELLULAR PROCESSES MAKE ATP

Cellular Respiration Done by all living animals Happens in the Mitochondria Makes ATP from breaking down food

Photosynthesis Done by plants Happens in the Chloroplast Makes ATP from sunlight Some ATP is used for food for the plant

ENERGY REACTIONS

Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 36 ATP

Photosynthesis 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Sunlight C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Which are the reactants and which are the products?

Location of Reactions

Photosynthesis:

Cellular Respiration:

CELLULAR RESPIRATION Purpose: to break down glucose

Remember: glucose is a carbohydrate Carbohydrates provide quick energy

Can be done with or without oxygen With Oxygen: Aerobic Respiration Without Oxygen: Anaerobic Respiration

GlucoseGlucose Energy

Energy

CELLULAR RESPIRATION Glucose is turned into energy during

cellular respiration. Where does this glucose come from??

From the food that we eat!The food is broken down in the stomach then glucose is absorbed in the blood It travels to the mitochondria for CR.

Cellular Respiration – 3 Steps C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 36 ATP

1. Glycolysis Happens in the cytoplasm Glucose is split in half Makes 2 ATP

2. Kreb’s Cycle Happens in Mitochondria Breaks down Glucose

further Makes 2 ATP

3. Electron Transport Chain Happens in Mitochondria Uses O2 Gas Makes 32 ATP

GLYCOLYSIS: GLUCOSEPYRUVATE

Series of reactions which break the 6-carbon glucose molecule down into two 3-carbon molecules called pyruvate

Gives off 2 ATP molecules for every one glucose molecule broken down

Gives off 2 NADH per glucose molecule

KREB’S CYCLE: PYRUVATECO2 + H20

Completes the breakdown of glucose Takes the pyruvate (3-carbons) and breaks it

down, the carbon and oxygen atoms end up in CO2 and H2O

Hydrogens and electrons are stripped and loaded onto NAD+ and FAD to produce NADH and FADH2 (these become important in next step)

Production of only 2 more ATP but produced lots of H+ and electrons

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN NADH and FADH2 pass the electrons down the

‘staircase

They provide the energy needed to convert oxygen into water

The final electron acceptor is oxygen, which takes on H+ protons to make water molecules

This step creates a total of 32 ATP

WHAT DOES ANAEROBIC MEAN?

WHAT DOES ANAEROBIC MEAN?

Without oxygen!

When would be a time your body wouldn’t have enough oxygen?

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

CELLULAR RESPIRATION: FERMENTATION 2 Types of Fermentation

EXIT TICKET

What is the difference between cellular respiration with oxygen and without oxygen? Discuss what each are named and how many ATPs are produced through each process.

Based on that answer, why is it necessary that we have oxygen available to survive?

ENERGY TALLY

36 ATP for aerobic vs. 2 ATP for anaerobic

Glycolysis 2 ATP

Kreb’s 2 ATP

Electron Transport 32 ATP Total: 36 ATP

BACK TO THE EQUATION….

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 38 ATP

C6H12O6 (food we eat)+ 6 O2 (air we breathe) 6 H2O (liquid waste) + 6 CO2 (what we exhale) + 38 ATP (no mass)