whchap24 student
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 24Nationalist Revolutions Sweep the West
1789-1900
Section 1: Latin American Peoples Win Independence
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Colonial Society Divided
Six Classes of People ____________ – Born in Spain ____________ – Europeans
born in Latin America Meztizo –
________________________ Mulattos –
________________________ Natives &
Africans
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Revolutions in the Americas
________________________first Latin American Country to gain independence from Europe
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Haitian Revolution
1791, 100,000 + slaves rebelled against French
1804, ________________________
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Creoles Lead Independence
____________ felt they were treated unfairly
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Napoleon’s Spanish King
Many people in Spain and Latin America revolt After old king was restored, Latin American
revolutions continue
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Latin American Leaders
Simon Bolivar – ________________________________ Helped Venezuela win independence in 1821
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Latin American Leaders
________________________– Helped Argentina win independence in 1816, and Chile in 1818
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Joseph de San Martin and Simon Bolivar
1824, joined forces to defeat Spanish and make ________________________
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Mexico Ends Spanish Rule
Mestizos and Natives fought for independence
1810, priest ________________________made a Grito de Dolores - A call for peasants to fight
Priest Jose Maria Morelos took over They won in 1815
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1821, Mexico officially won independence
1823, ________________________separated from Mexico
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Brazil’s Royal Liberator
Napoleon invaded Portugal in 1807
Portuguese King John VI fled to Brazil Helped Brazil for 10 yrs
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Brazil’s Royal Liberator
Asked Pedro to rule Brazil
1823, Brazil becomes independent through a bloodless revolt
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Chapter 24Nationalist Revolutions Sweep the West
1789-1900
Section 2: Europe Faces Revolutions
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Clash of Philosophies
____________ - usually wealthy, argued to protect monarchies
____________ -middle class merchants want more power to elected parliament
____________ - peasants, want drastic changes and democracy to all people
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Nationalism Develops
____________ - loyalty should be dedicated to the nation, not the ruler Usually Liberals or
Radicals
____________–nation with independent government
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Nationalist Ideas
Nationalists believed that people of a common language and culture defined a nation
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Nationalists Challenge Conservative Power
Ottomans controlled the ____________ Region that includes Greece and other countries
1821, __________ were the first to fight for independence
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Greek Support
Greeks were popular around the world Culture was respected by many
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Greeks Gain Independence
1827, British, French, and Russian fleet destroyed Ottoman fleet
1830, ________________________ sign Peace treaty
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1830 Uprisings
1830’s, old borders were breaking down
October, 1830, Belgium declares independence
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1830 Uprisings Crushed
Metternich sent Austrian troops to restore order
Polish living in Russia revolted
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1848 Revolutions Fail to Unite
1848, Metternich resigned Uprisings in Europe
1849, Europe conservative again
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Radicals Change France
After Louis XVII, ____________ inherited throne
1830, suspends legislature
Charles flees to London
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Radicals Change France
His monarchies were crumbling
Feared spread of Revolution
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The Third Republic
Louis Philippe took over constitutional monarchy
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The Third Republic
Important Reforms: 1882, primary education
6-13years old 1884,
___________________ 1900,
___________________ 1906, employers must
give employees one day off per week
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France Accepts a Strong Ruler
Citizens kicked Louis Philippe out Formed new government
He built railroads, decreased unemployment, and country prospered
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Reforms in Russia
1800, Russia still not ____________
1820s, ____________ still existed Prevented economic improvement
Freeing serfs would anger the Nobles
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Defeat Brings Change
1853,
1856, Could not provide enough supplies for troops
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End of Serfdom
1861, serfs granted freedom Nobles kept half the land
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Reform and Reaction
Everyone had 49 years to pay government for land
Alexander III encouraged ________________________
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Chapter 24Nationalist Revolutions Sweep the West
1789-1900
Section 3: Nationalism
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Setting the Stage
Metternich wanted to maintain old Europe
1800’s, ________________________
Congress created political boundaries Controlled by large empires
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Nationalism: A Force for Unity or Disunity
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Nationalism Shakes Aging Empires
Austrian Empire –
Russian Empire –
Ottoman Empire-
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Breakup of Austrian Empire
Austria splits in Austria- Hungary Until WWI, 1914
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The Russian Empire Crumbles
Russification – ________________________________
Helped strengthen national feelings and breakup Russia
1917, Last Romanov czar
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Ottoman Empire Weakens
1856 British and French pressure to grant equal citizenship
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Cavour Unites Italy
Camillo di Cavour leader for Italian reunification
Thought nationalism was strong enough to unite Italy
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Cavour Unites Italy
1852, Cavour becomes Prime Minister Believed:
Supported France in war with Russia
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Cavour Unites Italy
1860, northern Italian states liberated from Austria
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Garibaldi Brings Unity
Giuseppe Garibaldi- called the sword of Italy
Learned guerilla warfare from his exile in South America
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Garibaldi Brings Unity
Used guerilla warfare
1870 French forced to withdraw troops from Rome
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The Red Shirts
Nickname because of Garibaldi’s uniform
Italian troops enter Rome Italy unified
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Steps Toward Unification
1848 Italy and Germany _____________________
39 separate states with a common language and culture were ready to unite
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German Issues
German liberals revolted in Prussia
German unity should promote individual rights and liberal reforms
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Bismarck Takes Control
____________- conservative member of Prussia’s wealthy
1847 becomes politician
1862 Wilhelm I chose Bismarck as Prussia’s Prime Minister
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Bismark Takes Control
Supported the King of Prussia
____________- policies based on Prussian interests
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Bismarck
Argued German unity would not be won by speeches and majority vote but by “blood and iron”
He collected the taxes anyway
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Prussia Expands
1864 formed and alliance with Austria against ____________
Schelswig and Holstein should be controlled German Federation
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The Seven Weeks’ War
•
• Persuaded Napoleon III to keep France neutral
• • Austria declared war
on Prussia
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The Austro-Prussian War
• Prussia’s king blamed Austria for starting the war
•
• War dissolved the German Confederation
•
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The Franco-Prussian War
• Only three states out of Prussian control– Another war
needed to include southern states
• 1870 conflict with France
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The Franco-Prussian War
• These states supported Prussia and the north German states in a war against France
•
• The peace treaty declared the unification of Germany
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Creating the German Empire
Victory created a German Empire
Allied German states met at Versailles
Germany rose in power
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The Empire’s Growth and Change
• 1871 Germany prospered
• • Holy Roman
Empire was the ____________
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Bismarck and the Wilhelm II
• Bismarck did not want to expand German borders–
• Alliances
– Austria, Hungary
– Protect each other from attack
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A Shift in Power
1815 Congress of Vienna established 5 Great Powers in Europe
1871 Germany and Britain the most powerful militarily and economically
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Chapter 24Nationalist Revolutions Sweep the West
1789-1900
Section 3: Nationalism
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The Romantic Movement
1800’s Enlightenment ideas reason in art
__________________-reflected a deep interest in nature and in thought of feelings of the individual
Writers reacted against Enlightenment ideas
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The Ideas of Romanticism
• Emotion or wild emotion was a key element
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Romanticism in Literature
Poetry, music and painting the most influential arts
____________- poetry was the highest form of expression
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The Gothic Novel• Gothic horror
stories
• Took place in medieval castles
•
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Composers Emphasize Emotion
•
• Celebrated heroism and national pride with new power of expression
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The Shift to Realism in the Arts
• ____________-tried to show life as it was, not as it should be
• ____________showed the political importance of the working class
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Photographers Capture Reality
Could record an instant in time
First photographs called ________________________ (Louis Daguerre)