Chapter 23The French Revolution and Napoleon

1789-1815

Section 1: The French Revolution Begins

The Old Order

• 1700s, France was world power•

French Problems

• People not treated equally

• ________________________– System of Feudalism

French Problems

• France divided into three social classes – Estates

•

•

•

French Division of Power

• First and Second Estate =_____ of population• First and Second Estate owned ______ of land

Third Estate

• HUGE, 95% of population• ____________ –

Merchants and skilled workers with $

• ____________– Poor workers

• ____________ – farm workers, 80% of population

• Paid a lot in taxes

Factors for Revolution

• 1)

• 2)

• 3)

The Forces of Change

• 1780s, France in deep debt•

• Nobles forced a meeting of _________________, assembly of three estates

Dawn of Revolution

• May 1789, meeting of Estates-General•

Changes in voting

• • Third estate wanted each delegate to have a vote• The king, first and second estate did not agree

• Third estate was much larger

Third Estate meets

• June 1789, Third estate meets separately•

• Claim to represent ALL THE PEOPLE

Tennis Court Oath

• ___________________was locked out of their meeting

• Broke down the door to a tennis court•

Rumors Fly

• King Louis tried to make peace•

• Rumors that foreign soldiers were attacking scared citizens

Bastille

• July 14 1789, an angry crowd storms the Bastille, a French prison•

• Also, symbol of abuse of monarchy

A Great Fear Sweeps France

•

• Peasants burned nobles homes

“Let Them Eat Cake”

• 1789, mob of women went to king’s palace in Versailles •

• King ran away

The Assembly Reforms France

• August 1789, National Assembly created the ____________________________________

• For months they worked on creating a new government•

• Even more unpopular

Divisions Develop

• 1791, new constitution took away most of king’s power• National Assembly was replaced after it created

the ________________________

Legislative Assembly

• Radicals – • Moderates – • Conservatives –

Outside influences on the Government

• Emigres – • End Revolutionary ideas

• Sans-culottes –

War and Execution

• Foreign countries wanted to restore France to Louis XVI

•

• Government took away king’s power

• 1792, radical group called ____________ took control of National Convention – another new government• Louis XVI declared a common citizen

•

Terror Grips France

• ________________________– 1793, Leader of France • headed the Committee of Public Safety

•

• Reign of Terror -1793-1794• Robespierre was put to death

Reign of Terror

• French people were tired of the killing and the unrest

•

• Moderate leaders drafted a new, less revolutionary plan of government.

Chapter 23The French Revolution and Napoleon

1789-1815

Section 3: Napoleon Forges and Empire

Napoleon Bonaparte

•

• Military school at 9 yrs old

•

• 1795, led French soldiers against royalists who attacked National Convention• Thought he was a savior

Napoleon Seizes Power

• 1799, Napoleon used troops to overthrow unpopular government –•

• Napoleon became dictator

Napoleon Rules France

• Napoleon pretended to be elected leader

• 1800, ____________ – vote of the people• Voted on new constitution

• Napoleon took power as ____________

Napoleon’s Changes

•

• Removed bad government workers

• ____________ – public schools

• Gave church some power• Concordat – agreement with church

• Napoleonic Code – ______________________________________________

Problems with Changes

• Took away rights won in Revolution• •

Napoleon in the New World

• 1801, sent soldiers to take over ____________•

• Napoleon gave up on the West

• Sold large piece of North America to US• 1803, ________________________

Napoleon Creates an Empire

• 1804, named himself ______________________

• Took control of Netherlands, parts of Italy and Switzerland

• Lost to Britain in Battle of ______________________• Could not conquer

Britain

Chapter 23The French Revolution and Napoleon

1789-1815

Section 4: Napoleon’s Empire Collapses

Napoleon’s Mistakes

• Napoleon ________________________

• Made 3 costly Mistakes…

Mistake #1 British Blockade

• 1806, Napoleon wanted to crush Britain•

• Continental System –

Mistake #1Problem

• Some Europeans secretly bought British goods

• • British navy was so strong, European economy

declined

Mistake #2Brother KiNg of Spain

• 1808, Napoleon makes his ________________ the King of Spain

Mistake #2Problem

• People were loyal to king before Joseph

• Britain helped ____________ fighters• Fought for 5 years• Napoleon lost 300,000 troops in

_____________________

Mistake #3Tried to Conquer Russia

• 1812, Napoleon entered Russia with 400,000+ soldiers

Mistake #3Problem

•

• Burned fields and killed animals so French can starve to death

• Napoleon was forced to go back to France• ____________soldier

s remained

Napoleon’s Downfall

•

• Britain, Russia, Prussia, Sweden, and Austria attacked France together

• 1813, Napoleon lost a battle in ____________• Exiled to island of Elba

Louis XVIII Takes Over

• ________________________ was not popular• Brother of Louis XVI

• Was next to be king after Louis XVI’s son died

Guess Who’s Back?

• March 1815, ________________________, takes power

• Europe gets together to fight Napoleon

Battle of Waterloo

• 1815, Duke of Wellington defeated Napoleon in the battle of Waterloo

• This ended Napoleon’s last reign called the ________________________• Napoleon exiled to small island far away• Died in 1821

Chapter 23The French Revolution and Napoleon

1789-1815

Section 5: Congress of Vienna

Metternich’s Plan for Europe

• ____________________– Meetings to restore order to Europe

• Klemens von Metternich –

Metternich’s 3 Goals

• 1) Make sure France ________________________• Strengthened small nations surrounding France

• 2) ________________________in Europe – No country becomes a threat to the others• Maintain some French possessions

• 3) Legitimacy- ________________________

Political Changes Beyond Vienna

• Countries were nervous after French Revolution

• 1815, Czar Alexander, Emperor Francis I of Austria, and King Frederick William III of Prussia formed the ________________________• Series of other alliances called

________________________• Would help each other in case of Revolution

Conservatives took power

• __________________ – opposed ideas of Revolution• • Did not encourage individual liberties

• Did not want equal rights

Revolutionary ideas

• Some did support Revolution

• Spanish colonies fought for freedom against Spanish King

• Soon revolutions would ________________________