what's up with our lakes - welcome to wcola€¦ · • what’s in the groundwater matters....
TRANSCRIPT
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What’supwithourlakes?JohnA.Downing
LifetimeSeasonalResidentofWabana COLMinnesotaSeaGrantProgram
Duluth&St.Paul
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Sometopics
•Geology– whyourCOLexists•Oxygendemand- Whatwe’reseeingandwhatitmeans
•Algaeblooms-• Invasivespecies•Humanissues
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Glaciersformedourlandscape
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Whyourchainoflakesexists
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Tall,graveleskerattheSWofTroutLake
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ViewoftheeskeronBluewater
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FlowtotheCOLfromtheeskergroundwatersystem• ViaTroutLakechannels:
• 1/4m/second(4mwidex0.5mdeep)• 1m3/sec• 100,000gallons/hour
• ViaBluewaterchannel• 0.15m3/sec(3mwidex0.5mdeep)• 15,000gallons/hour
• Closetothisyear-round– notmuchinfluencedbyrainfallandrunoff• What’sinthegroundwatermatters
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Basic limnology: summer stratification
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Deepwateroxygen– whyitmatters
• Troutandciscos need4mg/Ltoliveandreproduce• Alsoneedtobebelow52degreesF(11degreesC)• Andtheyreproduceinfall
• Otherfishcan’tlivebelow2mg/L• Oxygeninspringisaround12mg/L
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Whatusesdissolvedoxygen?
• Startshighinspringbecauselakemixestoptobottomandtakesinoxygenfromtheair
• Normally,oxygenistakenoutofthewaterbydecompositionofstuffgrowinginthelake
• Algae,fueledbynutrientistheusualthingthatdecomposes• Chemicalprocessescanaddtoit• Eutrophicationfromhumannutrientsmakesitincreaseveryfast
• OxygendepletioninthedeepwateroftheCOLis5-10timesfasterthanweexpectforaclearwaterlake
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9sitessincemid-May
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Oxygenconditionsnow
• ManyplacesintheCOL,nofishcansurvivebelow30-40feet• DeepwaterinsouthTroutlowerinoxygenthannorthTrout• Fishinasandwichbetweenwarmwaterandlowoxygen– andit’sgettingworse(need>4mg/Loxygenand<52degreesF
• DeepwaterinnorthBluewaterlowerinoxygenthaninsouthBluewater
• Interlochen(aka“LittleTrout”)hasnooxygenbelowabout35feet–nevermixes
• We’retryingtofigureoutthesourceofphenomenonfortheseandother“CiscoLakes”soitcanbefixed
• Seemsasifgroundwaterisinvolved
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Hasthischanged?
• Ratesofoxygen“demand”5-10xtheamountseeninotherclear-wter lakes• SurveysIdid15yearsagoshowedsomelowoxygenbutnotasmuch• Roleofclimateandnewnutrients?• MyancestorscaughttroutinWabana• Iusedtofinddeadciscoesontheshore• The“ciscolakeproblem”isoneofthebigmysteriesDNRistryingtosolve
(Springoxygen)-(naturaldemand)-(demandduetonewnutrients)-(chemicaldemand)=(Augustoxygen)
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Algaeblooms–why?
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Thisyear’sspringbloom
• Ourspringbloomwasabluegreen algaespecies• Wabana warmedfromicetoswimmablein3weeksbeforeMemorialDay
• Whenlakesmixinspring,nutrientsfromthedeepwaterareavailabletoalgae
• I’mseeingmorealgaeinthewaternowthanI’veseeninthepast• We’veseenalotofglobsoffilamentousalgaewehaven’tseeninthepast
• Climateandincreasednutrientsthelikelycauseofincreasedalgae
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Whyshouldwecareaboutthis
• Somespeciescanbetoxictopeople,pets,andaquaticlife• Theycanstinkandaddodorandflavor• Theyareasignofdecliningwaterquality
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Invasivespecies
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Howdotheygethere
• Mostlybyaccidentaltransportbyboatsvialandings• 3officialboatlandingsonthechainoflakes• Watercraftinspectionsarehelpful• Boatsarriveoutofinspectionhoursandatunofficiallandings,too• Nearbylakeshaveavarietyofspecies
• Zebraandquaggamussels• Didymo• Spinywaterflea• Starrystonewort
• “Cures”notinnear-futureso“prevention”iskey
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Lot’sofwaystoincreasesafetyfromAIS
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Boat-inCampsites
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Concernaboutsanitaryconditions
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GrowingnumberofcampsitesontheChain
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Concernsaboutboat-incampsites
• Untreatedwaste• Nutrients(50peopleforadayproducesewageof1personfor2months)• 50%ofphosphorusoutputisasurine• Disease-causingmicrobes(bacteria,viruses,otherpathogens)
• Bigpartiesanddrunkenboating• Firehazards• Litter• “commonproperty”resourceproblem- whenitbelongstoeveryone,wholooksafterit?
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GrowingnumberofcampsitesontheChain
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Navigationisgettingcomplicated
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Safetyofpeopleandtheresourceisimportant• Right-of-wayrulesseemunknowntoboaters
• Motorizedyieldtounmotorized• Upstreamtrafficyieldstodownstream• Morecollisionsinchannelsanddestructivenavigation
• IsthisaroleforWCOLA?
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Wildfireprotection&waterquality
• Clearing100’diametercircleis7854sq feet
• 1/5acreperhouse• Cleartotheshoreandnearlytheentirewidthofa250’lot
• Perhapssafeforhousesbutnotforthewater
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WhatistheroleforWCOLAin….
• Insuringgoodwaterqualityandhealthyfisheries• Protectingthegroundwaterresourcethatsustainsour“chain”• Algaebloommonitoringandprotection• Aquaticinvasivespecies• Safeuseofcampsites• Safenavigation
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