What will we learn today?10.4.1 The rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism.

10.4.2 The locations of colonial rule of such nations as England, France, etc.

10.4.3 Imperialism from the perspective of the colonizers and the colonized.

Unit 4: Imperialism

Pretend you are an imperialist who is

setting out to conquer new land. Pick a place on the

map to conquer and explain why.

Strategic location, good agriculture

Strategic location to cut through Americas

Natural resources, diamonds

Natural resources, timber and rubber

OIL

Natural resources, stones, spices, and consumers

Natural resources, coal, iron, minerals

Reflection How did your group and other

groups act when you were marking your territories?

Do you think this was a fair way to claim land?

If unclaimed land remains, who should get it?

11.1 The Scramble for Africa

Big IdeaIgnoring the claims of African ethnic groups,

kingdoms, and city-states, Europeans established colonies. African nations continue

to feel the effects of the colonial presence more than 100 years later.

Objectives Describe Africa before European domination.

Summarize the motives of European colonizers and the factors that allowed them

to control Africa. Identify the three groups that clashed in

South Africa.

Essential QuestionHow did the Industrial Revolution lead to

European colonization? What were the effects of colonization on Africa?

ImperialismA policy in which a

strong nation seeks to dominate

other countries politically,

economically, or socially.

Industrialization to Imperialism

• The Industrial Revolution pushed Europe to find more. resources to fuel their industries

• They competed for new markets and goods Africa became the target.

• Colonial Powers seized vast areas of Africa during the 19th and 20 centuries.

Check for UnderstandingWhat continent was a target for

European imperialism?

Africa Before European DominanceThe African People: Ethnic groups – hundreds Languages – there were more than a thousand Religion – mainly traditional, also Islamic or Christian Politically – large empires to small tribes

Africa is a CONTINENT not a country… In case you forgot!

Europeans

actually controlled very little

African territory at

the beginning of the 19th century.

Check for UnderstandingIs having thousands of languages going to help Africa defend itself

or hurt it?

Check for UnderstandingWhat is Africa: country or

continent?

Check for UnderstandingWhy was most of the European

territory on the coast?

Europeans saw Africa as an

unoccupied land waiting to be

taken.

Myth of the “Dark Continent”

• Europeans were unable to penetrate the interior of Africa because of disease and travel difficulties.

• Dr. David Livingstone and Henry Stanley

• Stanley – an American journalist found Livingstone and then charted the Congo

• King Leopold II of Belgium began to claim parts of the Congo through treaties made by Stanley. This began the land scramble.

The African Congo

Check for UnderstandingWas King Leopold II’s interest in

Africa good or bad for native Africans?

“I don't want to miss the chance of getting us a slice of this magnificentAfrican cake.”

King Leopold II of Belgium

Africa

Congo

Soldiers in the Belgian Congo

Congo Rain Forest

Downtown Kinshasa

Do you agree with this statement:

Successful people have earned their success through

hard work.

Do you agree with this statement:

I don’t feel bad that we killed all the Indians. Survival of the fittest, baby.

.

Social theory (based on Charles Darwin’s scientific theories) that said

that those who were fittest for

survival enjoyed wealth and

success and were considered superior to

others.

SOCIAL DARWINISM

Line up around the room according to your shirt color

Blue shirtsGreen shirtsYellow shirtsRed shirtsOrange shirtsBrown shirtsBlack shirts White shirts

So

cial Darw

inism

Smartest and most evolved!

Dumb and need the blue shirts help to educate and

civilize you

Driving Forces of Imperialism

European nations needed natural resources and markets for their goods to improve their economies.

Belief in European Superiority:1. National pride2. Competition3. Racism4. Social Darwinism

Check for UnderstandingWhat were the driving forces of

imperialism?

Cecil Rhodes stated “I contend that we are the finest race in the world, and the more we inhabit the better it is for the human race.”

RACIST ATTITUDES

De Beers Diamonds

Check for UnderstandingDoes it bother you, or will you still buy

diamonds?

The Europeans believed that an empire was proof of a nation’s greatness.

Each nation was determined to take as much territory as possible.

Check for UnderstandingIn order to be a strong nation, you needed to have a large?

What is the author trying to say?

White Man’s Burden

This idea that is the White Man’s duty to civilize the world’s

“savages.” This was a justification for taking

over foreign lands.

Check for UnderstandingTell me the White Man’s Burden in your own words…

Check for UnderstandingDo you think that native populations should be forced to attend school, establish government, end brutal ceremonies, etc?

Reality.......

White Man’s Burden

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1iKnW3OxM0o&feature=fvw

•Do you think that these country’s needed “help?”

•Do you think in the long run imperialism will help these countries?

•What is the persons perspective who made the video?

• Machine gun – superior weaponry

• Steam engine: boats and trains – made travel easier

• Variety of language and culture – did not encourage unity amongst Africans

• Rivalry amongst ethnic groups – kept Africans from uniting against the Europeans

European Advantages

Maxim gun

Check for UnderstandingWhich of the four advantages do you think was most important?

The Division of Africa

• The discovery of diamonds

and gold caused countries

to join in the land scramble

• Berlin Conference (1884-

85)- 14 European countries

met to divide up African

lands. A country could land

claim by notifying other

countries and controlling

the area

No African ruler was

invited to attend

Check for UnderstandingWhat was decided at the Berlin Conference?

Check for UnderstandingHow many representatives from Africa were at the Berlin Conference?

The Zulus

Shaka Zulu A Zulu Family

South Africa

West Coast National Park

Cape Town, South Africa

Cape Town, South Africa

Cape Town, South Africa

Cape Town, South Africa

Cape Town, South Africa

Zulu Tribe

Zulu Tribe

Zulu Dance

The Clash Over Africa

• Three groups mainly fought over Africa: Africans, Dutch and British– Europeans saw the lands as

empty

• Local Wars in South Africa – (Zulus v. British)

• Shaka Zulu controlled a large centralized state. When he died the British invaded the Zulu nation and was defeated by their superior weaponry.

Check for UnderstandingWhat was the name of the African tribe that was most troublesome for the British to defeat?

Local Wars in South Africa Continued

Boer Wars (Boers v. British)– Boers are Dutch farmers, also known as Afrikaners who

settled in South Africa• Diamonds and gold were discovered in S.

Africa a rush of people came to get rich• A rebellion broke out – the Boers blamed the

British– This was the first “total” war

• Ultimately the British won the war

Check for UnderstandingHow many representatives from Africa were at the Berlin Conference?

Check for UnderstandingWho won the Boer War?

SummaryHow did Industrialization lead to

Imperialism?

Political CartoonDraw a political

cartoon representing the concept of Social Darwinism and White Man’s Burden

Assignment:European Imperialism in Africa

Name______________________Date___________ Per___

Who had the biggest piece of the “cake”?

ReminderQuiz next class on geography.

Study your map!