what south africans die of... measurement of household food security: 2013 and beyond dr isabelle...

What South Africans die of...

MEASUREMENT OF HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY: 2013 and beyond

Dr Isabelle Schmidt Social Statistics Stats SA

What South Africans die of...STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA: TWO CORE CLUSTERS

ECONOMIC STATISTICS POPULATION AND SOCIAL STATISTICS

What South Africans die of...ECONOMIC STATS: SUPPLY SIDE STATISTICS

What South Africans die of...POPULATION AND SOCIAL STATISTICS: DEMAND SIDE STATISTICS

What South Africans die of...HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY: THE AFRICAN

CONTEXT

• Agrarian based economies: access to land important determinant of FS

• Small holder agriculture major role in food supply

• Early FS measurement focussed on harvest predictions and ID food aid needs

What South Africans die of...SOUTH AFRICAN HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY REALITIES

• Own food production: small contribution to FS

• Most food bought

• Employment and grants main sources of income

• Poverty and inequality main drivers of food insecurity

What South Africans die of...SOUTH AFRICAN FS MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS

• Govt - MIS and early warning systems

• Alternative sources e.g. UNISA food security students deployed as Govt. Workers; NGO’s

• Govt - MIS and early warning systems

• Household questionnaire survey data

• Census


FOOD ACCESS Data Source

Fre-quency

Value/Status

1. % of households with moderate to severe food access problems GHS 2012

ANNUAL

21,5%

2. % of households in income quintiles 1-3 with moderate to severe food access problems

GHS 2012

ANNUAL

-

3. % of households who ran out of money to buy food for 5 or more days during the past 30 days

GHS 2012

ANNUAL

7,2%

4. % who cut meal sizes for 5 or more days during the past 30 days GHS 2012

ANNUAL

7,0%

5. % of households who skipped meals because there was not enough food in the house for 5 or more days during past 30 days

GHS 2012

ANNUAL

5,9%

6. % of households who ate a smaller variety of foods for 5 or more days during the past 30 days

GHS 2012

ANNUAL

8,8%

7. % of households with child 17 years or younger who went hungry during the past year

GHS 2012

ANNUAL

12,6%

CURRENT INDICATORS: Food security statistics

What South Africans die of...Vulnerability to hunger and access to food, 2002-2012

What South Africans die of...Percentage of households experiencing food adequacy, by province, 2012


AVAILABILITY Data Source

Fre-quency

Value

7 % of urban households who engage in some agricultural activity

GHS 2012 AN-NUAL

5,9%

8 % of rural households who engage in some agricultural activity

GHS 2012 AN-NUAL

44,3%

9 % of households reliant on social grants for more than 50% of their household income

IES/LCS Periodic -

10 % of households with at least one employed household member

GHS 2012 AN-NUAL

71,6%


UTILIZATION Data Source

Fre-quency Value

11 % of respondents with a high dietary diversity score GHS 2013 ANNUAL Forth-coming

12 % of households who buy ultra processed food three or more times per week

IES 2010/2011

5 yrs -

13 % of households with access to piped water on or off-site

GHS 2012 Annual 90,8%

14 % of households without toilet facilities or still using a bucket toilet


15 % of households whose refuse is removed by the municipality, once per week or less often.


16 % of households connected to the main electricity GHS 2012 Annual 85,0%


NorthernCape

95,6%

KwaZulu-Natal

87,3%

98,9%

WesternCape

FreeState

96,7%

Mpumalanga87,5%

North West91,1%

79%

EasternCape

Gauteng

80,1%Limpopo

97,3%

Access to piped water in the dwelling, off-site or on-site, 2012

85-89%90-94%

79-84%

>94%56,3%

73,9%

75,8%

2002 84,9%

90,8%2012


NorthernCape6,1%

KwaZulu-Natal

5,7%

3,2%

WesternCape

FreeState

6%

Mpumalanga6,4%

North West5,8%

13,4%

EasternCape

Gauteng

6,3%Limpopo

1,8%

Basic service deliveryHouseholds with no toilet facilities or using bucket toilet

6-10%

>11%

0-5%

5,8%

2002

36,8%

17,3%

17,2%

10,9%

1,9%

7,5%7,1%

20,5%

EC Largest improvement since 2002

What South Africans die of...Let’s also take a closer look at……

What South Africans die of... Maize processing in South Africa Graph: CPI Statistics Source: Chamber of milling

What South Africans die of...Food inflation and the poor Source: CPI Statistics

-5,0

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

2009

01

2009

04

2009

07

2009

10

2010

01

2010

04

2010

07

2010

10

2011

01

2011

04

2011

07

2011

10

2012

01

2012

04

2012

07

2012

10

2013

01

2013

04

2013

07

Quintile 1

Quintile 2

Quintile 3

Headline CPI

Food CPI

What South Africans die of...Income and expenditure survey/LCS

• The survey data provide the picture of the following:– Food items acquired at a detailed level, e.g. brown bread,

white bread, long-life low-fat milk, fresh full-cream milk, etc.– Collect food items acquired by households– Provide annual expenditure on food– Provide food items produced by household– Provide estimated value of food items produced by household

• Households purchase some food items in bulk, some of which are not for immediate consumption

What South Africans die of...What cannot be provided

– Actual consumption where bulk purchases were madeExamples Bottled water for 3 months supply, 10 kg bag of rice that lasts for 3 months, 10 kg of boerewors that lasts for 4 months, etc. – Only monetary values and not quantities can be provided

accurately ( data were collected in the LCS08/09 but was not of good quality)

What South Africans die of...Moving forward: The need• Expand the statistical base (breadth)

• Gaps identified in all the social statistics themes (from the population theme to the environmental statistics theme)

• Expand the statistical base (depth)


• Rural/urban• More textured

indicators• Metro/Non-metro• Income quintiles

Composite indicators• Dietary diversity score• Composite food

security index

Scale or geography of reporting• Municipal level

Frequency

• At least once a year or more often


• Resources• Conflicting demands and

priorities

Moving forward: The constraints

What South Africans die of...Proposed Continuous Population Survey (CPS)

SurveysYEAR

1(2015)YEAR

2(2016)YEAR

3(2017)YEAR

4(2018)YEAR

5(2019)YEAR

6(2020)YEAR

7(2021)YEAR

8(2022)

CPS

LCS/IES/GHS

District level

CS/LCS/IES/GHS

Municipal level

LCS/IES/GHS

Provincial level

LCS/IES/GHS

District level

CS/LCS/IES/GHSMunicipal

level

LCS/IES/GHS

Provincial level

LCS/IES/GHS

District level

CS/LCS/IES/GHSMunicipal

level

FS indicators

Access AvailabilityUtilization


Access Availability

Limited Utilization



Access Availability

Limited Utilization



New FS indicators

Anthropo-metrics

Food expenditureDiarrhoea

Anthropo-metrics

Food expenditureDiarrhoea

Level of Geography

District Municipal Provincial District Municipal Provincial District Municipal


Thank you

What South Africans die of...Contact details

General Household Survey (GHS)Isabelle Schmidt [email protected] Roux [email protected]

IES/LCSNozipho Shabala [email protected]

Food CPIPatrick Kelly [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]




what south africans die of... measurement of household food security: 2013 and beyond dr isabelle...

Documents

south africans

food security statistics

days ghs

food production

food adequacy

processed food

food access dat

social statistics slide