what needs to happen to an organism for it to become … · a group of tiny organisms whose name...

Name:__________________ Exam # 2 Review Period:______

1. What era did bacteria first appear?

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2. What period did tropical forest appear along with lizards?

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3. What types of fossils do not need sediment to form and leave some organic matter behind of the original

organism?

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4. What era do we live in?

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5. What needs to happen to an organism for it to become a fossil?

6. Use the law of superposition to determine which rock layer is the oldest: __________

7. Pick one of these two mechanisms: descent with modification or natural selection

a. describe how it works using a real world example:

b. discuss whether it is random or orderly:


8. What kinds of fossils would you expect to find in limestone?

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9. Why are Index fossils so important to geologist?

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10. Why are Index fossils so important to archeologist?

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11. Which of the following best explains how the fossil record provides evidence that evolution has occurred?

a) It indicates the exact cause of structural and behavioral adaptations of organisms. b) It shows that the form and structure of groups of organisms have changed over time. c) It shows how the embryos of many different vertebrate species are very similar. d) It indicates that forms of life existed on Earth at least 3.5 billion years ago.

Organisms with similar anatomy share similar DNA sequences.

True False

12. What needs to happen to an organism for it to become a fossil?

1. ________________________ 2. __________________________

3. ________________________ 4. __________________________

13. What are the four main types of evidence for common descent?

1. __________________________ 2. __________________________

3. __________________________ 4. __________________________


14. Classification A. Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone. B. The soft connective tissue that fills the internal spaces in bones. C. The process of grouping things based on their similarities. D. the scientific study of how living things are classified.

15. A type of animal (such as a kangaroo or an opossum) that carries its babies in a pocket of skin on the mother's stomach.

A. Archaea B. Marsupial mammal C. Bacteria D. Placental mammal

16. Archaea A. Organisms that are prokaryotes (their cells have no nucleus). B. A group of tiny organisms whose name comes from the Greek word for "ancient." They can

be found in some of the most extreme environments on Earth. C. The process of grouping things based on their similarities. D. a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can

also mate and reproduce. 17. a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate

and reproduce. A. Archaea B. Domain C. Species D. Genus

18. Vertebrate A. The most advanced and organized group of animals on Earth. The characteristic that makes

vertebrates special is the presence of the spinal cord. B. a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can

also mate and reproduce. C. The soft connective tissue that fills the internal spaces in bones. D. The process of grouping things based on their similarities.

19. Bacteria A. the scientific study of how living things are classified. B. Organisms that are prokaryotes (their cells have no nucleus). C. Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone. D. The process of grouping things based on their similarities.

20. A classification grouping that consists of a number of similar, closely related species. A. Marrow B. Genus C. Domain D. Species


21. Placental mammal A. Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone. B. The soft connective tissue that fills the internal spaces in bones. C. A group including whales, elephants, dogs, and humans. They all bear live young, which are

nourished before birth in the mother's uterus through a specialized organ attached to the uterus wall, the placenta.

D. a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce.

22. Vestigial structures A. Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact

bone. B. The soft connective tissue that fills the internal spaces in bones. C. Is an anatomical feature that no longer seems to have a purpose in the current form of an

organism of the given species. D. Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone.

23. Living things are divided into three domains, or categories: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. A. Domain B. Species C. Marrow D. Archaea

24. the scientific study of how living things are classified. A. Archaea B. Bacteria C. Taxonomy D. Marrow

25. Homologous structures A. Traits inherited by two different organisms from a common ancestor that have the same

structures, but different functions B. The process of grouping things based on their similarities. C. The most advanced and organized group of animals on Earth. The characteristic that makes

vertebrates special is the presence of the spinal cord. D. Is the process by which an organism's internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes

in 26. Body part in different species that is similar in function but not in structure that evolved in response

to a similar environmental challenge A. Analogous structures B. Vestigial structures C. phylogenetic tree D. Homologous structures

27. Homeostasis A. Traits inherited by two different organisms from a common ancestor that have the same

structures, but different functions B. Is the process by which an organism's internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes

in C. The process of grouping things based on their similarities. D. A type of animal (such as a kangaroo or an opossum) that carries its babies in a pocket of skin

on the mother's stomach.


28. Binomial nomenclature A. The most advanced and organized group of animals on Earth. The characteristic that makes

vertebrates special is the presence of the spinal cord. B. A group of tiny organisms whose name comes from the Greek word for "ancient." They can

be found in some of the most extreme environments on Earth. C. Organisms that are prokaryotes (their cells have no nucleus). D. Linnaeus gave each organism a unique, two-part scientific name. The word binomial means

"two names."

Use the following images below for questions (29-32)

a.

b.

c.

d.

29. Which image is of a Vestigial structure 30. Which image is of Homologous Structures 31. Which is an image of Embryology 32. Which image is of Analogous Structures 33. Which is not evidence of common descent a. Fossils b. Analogous structures c. Homologous structures d. geographical distribution 34. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Human beings evolved from chimpanzees

b. Chimpanzees evolved from human beings

c. Humans and chimpanzees both evolved from a common ancestor

d. Chimpanzees and humans are not closely related, biologically

35. When is a trait most likely to be passed on to the next generation? Choose the best answer

a. When it serves no purpose to the organism

b. When it prevents the organism from finding a mate

c. When it gives the organism an abundant supply of water

d. When it becomes an advantage to the organism’s survival


36. Which is the most likely evolutionary response of birds to a food supply of insects living in deep, narrow tunnels?

a. Birds get smaller with each generation, until they can fit inside the tunnels

b. Birds learn to plug up the tunnels, forcing the insects to surface for air

c. Birds begin eating bark and leaves instead

d. Birds’ beaks get progressively longer and thinner with each generation

37. An example of artificial selection would be? a. Rabbits that can run faster escape foxes more frequently.

b. Lions that can fight off hyenas and other lions better get to eat more.

c. Moths that blend in with bark aren't found and eaten as often.

d. Apples growing sweet and larger.

38. The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species is called a. Natural Selection b. Evolution c. Competition d. Overproduction 39. What is a fossil?

a. the preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past

b. a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring

c. one of the British ships Charles Darwin sailed around the world on

d. one of the islands Charles Darwin stopped at during his trip around the world

40. Which is not information that fossils provide

a. Fossils give clues about organisms that lived long ago.

b. They help to show that evolution has occurred.

c. They also provide evidence about how Earth’s surface has changed over time.

d. Fossils help scientists understand the original conditions that caused DNA to form

41. Which is not one of the steps in which a Fossil are formed

a. Erosion

b. Sediment

c. Death

d. Movement


42. Which type of Fossils do not need sediment in formation

a. Petrified fossils

b. Trace fossils

c. Carbon Films

d. Preserved remains 43. Petrified fossils and cast fossils are same in that a. They both can occur in tar pits

b. That they both are created by minerals replacing organic material

c. They are both considered trace fossils

d. all that is left is the carbon of their original organic material

44. The use of relative dating is supported by a. variation b. evolution

c. Law of superposition d. Natural selection

45. Rock layers are also called a. fossils b. strata c. sediment d. phylogenetic 46. Through Radioactive dating how old has the earth? a. 4.6 million years b. 4.6 billion years c. 46 million years d. 460 million years 47. Sand stone represents what kind of environment? a. Marine b. Volcanic c. shoreline or riverbed d. Mountains or hills

48 Which of the following best explains how the fossil record provides evidence that evolution has occurred?

e) It indicates the exact cause of structural and behavioral adaptations of organisms. f) It shows that the form and structure of groups of organisms have changed over time. g) It shows how the embryos of many different vertebrate species are very similar. h) It indicates that forms of life existed on Earth at least 3.5 billion years ago.


Use the chart below to answer (49- 51)

49. Which fossil would be considered an Index Fossil? a. Ammonite b. Gastropod c. Crinoid d. Fern 50. Which fossil would be the oldest? a. Fern b. Trilobite c. Coral d. Ammonite 51. Which fossil samples of ammonite is older? a. The 3rd mound b. The 2nd mound c. The 1st mound d. all the same age


Use the Hypothesis below to answer (52-55) If a fossil is deeper in the ground then it is older in age because of the law of superposition 52. The Manipulated variable in the hypothesis is: a. fossil b. older

c. deeper d. age 53. What should the label of and units of column 2 be? a. depth in feet

b. oldest in (m) years

c. fossils in inches d. age in (m) years 54. If the graph represents the data from question #52 The independent variable goes on which axis and the label for it is? a. y-axis and fossils in inches

b. x-axis and age in (m) years

c. x-axis and depth in feet d. y-axis and depth in feet 55. An accurate label for the Graph in #55 would be? a. age in years vs. depth in feet

b. depth in feet vs. fossils in inches

c. oldest fossils in years vs. depth in feet

d. fossils in inches vs. depth in feet

Column 1 Column 2

100 1.5

200 2.0

300 2.5


Use the chart of Taxonomy for questions (56-59)

56. Which is not part of the phylum of Chordata a. Canis lupis b.Order Squamata c. Order Rodentia d. Class Crustacea 57. Which Animal is closest to the family felidae a. Pig b. Crocodile c. Fox d. Rat 58. Which would have a better chance of making a possible cross bred of species a. monkey and human b. cat and a cougar c. cougar and a tiger d. fox and a wolf 59. Insects and Lobster are arthropods a. True b. False


Review Natural selection and the passing on of traits

What are different types of evolutionary responses?

Understand what artificial selection is?

What are Fossils?

How are they formed the 4 steps in notes

1.___________________________________________________________________________________

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2. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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3. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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4. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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Know what kind of information fossils provide

1. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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2. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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3. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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4. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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How each of the six types of fossils are created

1. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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2. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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3. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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4. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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5. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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6. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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Understand the law of superposition and vocabulary associated with

Strata

Sediment

Know some of the uses of radioactive dating

What kind of stone is relative to what kind of environment

1. ___________________________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________________________

What are Index fossils

Review Variables and hypothesis writing

Manipulated__________________________________________________________________________

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Dependent____________________________________________________________________________

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If, then, because

Dry Mix and Tails


Know difference of anatomy over evolution

Homologous structures__________________________________________________________________

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Analogous structures____________________________________________________________________

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Vestigial structures _____________________________________________________________________

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Embryology ___________________________________________________________________________

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Review Taxonomy

Classification Human Cat Dog Grizzly Bear Wolf

Domain Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia

Phyla Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata

Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia

Order Primates Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora

Family Homididae Felidae Canidae Ursidae Canidae

Genus Homo Felis Canis Ursus Canis

Species sapien catus familiarus horribilus lupus

Know how they are related on a chart

what needs to happen to an organism for it to become … · a group of tiny organisms whose name...

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