classifying organism name discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a...
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Classification and Taxonomy
What is Taxonomy?
Discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted name.
Why Classify?To study the diversity of life, biologists use
a classification system to name organisms and group them in a logical manner.
When taxonomists classify organisms, they organize them into groups that have biological significance.
Common Names vs.
Scientific NamesCommon Names can be confusing
one organism can have many different namesThe Cougar is also known as a: Puma,
Mountain Lion or Catamount
Each organism only has ONE scientific name (species name)No matter where you are in the world the
Cougar is Felis concolor
Assigning Scientific NamesAristotle was a Greek philosopher who
was the first to classify or group living things.
He classified organisms into two groups:
Plants and Animals
He subdivided those groups as well.
Plants were subdivided into: Herbs, Shrubs and Trees
Animals were subdivided based on their habitat and physical characteristics
Assigning Scientific Names A Swedish botanist named
Carl Linnaeus developed Binomial Nomenclature, a two-word naming system for naming all species on earth. It is based on physical and
structural similarities Still used today
Why does everything have a weird name in Biology?
Everything in science is named using Latin.Why?
Latin is a dead language and won’t change meanings with slang or invention.
Example: “That is SO gay!!!”Merriam Webster Dictionary definition:
Gay – (gA) adjective; 1 a : happily excited : MERRY <in a gay mood> b : keenly
alive and exuberant : having or inducing high spirits <a bird's gay spring song>2 a : BRIGHT, LIVELY <gay sunny
meadows> b : brilliant in color
4 Reasons for using Latin
1. dead language and will not change
2. not misleading like a common name
3. more descriptive
4. basis for many other languages; English, French, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese
Binomial Nomenclature Each organism has a name consisting
of two words
Examples:
Homo sapiens Tyto alba
Common Names:
HUMAN
Barn Owl
Binomial Nomenclature
Homo sapiens Tyto alba
The first part of the scientific name is the genus. This word is always written first and the first letter is
capitalized. It appears in italics or is underlined.
Binomial Nomenclature
Homo sapiens Tyto alba
The second part of the scientific name is the specific epithet or species name. This word is always written second and the first
letter is lower-case. It appears in italics or is underlined.
The 8 Levels of ClassificationThey are, from largest to smallest
1.Domain (this is a relatively new level separates Archaea, Bacteria and Eukaryota)
2.Kingdom (separates plants from animals)
3.Phylum (separates into major groups within the Kingdom; plural: phyla)
4.Class (breaks Phyla down into smaller groups)
5.Order (even more specific)
6.Family (very similar characteristics)
7.Genus (reproductive grouping)
8.Species (most specific)
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
DidKingPhillipComeOverForGoodSoup
8 levels of Classification
Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: AvesOrder: StrigiformesFamily: TytonidaeGenus: Tyto
Species: T. alba
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: ChordataClass: MammaliaOrder: PrimatesFamily: HominidaeGenus: Homo
Species: H. sapiens
Miss Cook vs. Barn Owl
THINKING CRITICALLYOrganism
Cat Wolf Fly
Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia
Phylum Chordata Chordata Arthropoda
Class Mammalia Mammalia
Insecta
Order Carnivora Carnivora Diptera
Family Felidae Canidae Muscidae
Genus Felis Canis Musca
Species F. domesticus C. lupus M. domestica
THINKING CRITICALLY1. What are the kingdom
and class of Musca domestica?
2. From the table, which 2 animals are most closely related?
3. At what classification level does the evolutionary relationship between cats and wolves diverge (become different)?
Animal; insect
Cat and Wolf
Family Level