what makes a biorefinery carbon negative? makes a biorefinery carbon negative? webinar presentation...
TRANSCRIPT
What Makes a Biorefinery Carbon Negative?
Webinar Presentation
March 31, 2011
Carbon Negative
Bioenergy CO2
!"#$%&'(&• The Southern Alliance for Clean Energy (SACE) has
been a leading voice for energy reform to protect the quality of life and treasured places in the Southeast for over 25 years. Founded in 1985, SACE is the only regional organization primarily focused on developing clean energy solutions throughout the Southeast.
• As we look towards the future, SACE’s commitment to preserve, restore and protect our environment through the use of innovative technology, grassroots and grasstops education, and pioneer policy work remains steadfast.
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www.tri-inc.net
Advanced Clean Technology for Biomass Conversion to Bioenergy, Fuels, and Chemicals
March 31, 2011
Webinar: What Makes a Biorefinery Carbon Negative?
www.tri-inc.net
What Makes a Biorefinery C Negative
!! Intro to TRI
!!What is a Biorefinery
!! Process Demonstration Unit (PDU)
!! Thermochemical Platform
!!Biomass to Drop-in Fuels
!!Biomass to Products
!!Key attributes
!!Commercial Demonstration
!! TRI Thermochemical biorefinery model and projects
!! Efficiency in Utilization of Biomass
www.tri-inc.net
Corporate Overview
Advanced technologies for the conversion of biomass to bio-fuels, bio-chemicals and renewable power
!!Formed in 1996
!!Proprietary steam reforming gasification system developed with over $50 million of R&D investment
!!State of the art Pilot facilities in North Carolina
!!Proven at commercial scale for semi-chem black liquor gasification
!!Commercializing the Integrated Biorefinery Platform via two DOE supported integrated biorefineries
www.tri-inc.net
Gasifier
Agricultural Wastes
Integrated Biorefinery
Forest
Residuals
GTL
Energy Host High Value Products
Renewable Energy
Char
www.tri-inc.net
!! Superheated steam reacts endothermically (consumes heat) with the carbonaceous components of
the biomass to produce syngas:
H2O + C + Heat ! H2 + CO
(steam reforming reaction)
!! Water-gas shift reactions occur simultaneously to yield additional hydrogen and carbon dioxide:
H2O + CO ! H2 + CO2
(water-gas shift reaction)
Thermochemical Biomass to Fuels
Diesel/Jet Fuel
Fischer-Tropsch Gas to Liquids
www.tri-inc.net
Options for Bio-Based Products
Gasifier
BIOMASS
Ethanol
Acetic Anhydride
Methyl Acetate
IC Engine
Methanol
Hydrogen
Fertilizers
Acetic Acid
Wax
Diesel/ Kerosene
Fischer-
Tropsch
Naphtha
Gasoline
Gasoline
DME
Polyolefins
Oxy Chemicals
Ethylene Propylene
VAM Ketene
Diketene & Derivatives
PVA
Acetic Esters
Formaldehyde
Power Gen
Syngas
Refinery Hydrotreating
Transportation Fuels
Chemicals
Fuel Cells
Boiler
Steam & Power
Fuel Cells
Gas Turbine Combined Cycle
www.tri-inc.net
Feedstock Flexibility Product Optionality
Kilns,
Boilers,
etc.
GTL
Gas Turbine
Refinery
Transportation
Fuels
Chemicals
Green
Power
Agricultural
Wastes
Sludge
Lignite
MSW
RDF
Forest
Residuals
Energy
Crops
www.tri-inc.net
TRI’s Steam Reforming of Biomass Technology and Attributes
!! Pulse Heater Steam Reforming
!!High quality, medium calorific value syngas
!!Customized syngas composition for specific downstream processing
!!Complete feedstock flexibility
!!Reformer supplies all of its own energy
!! Inherently stable and safe
!!Scalable
H2 rich
Syngas
Fuel
Biomass
Bed
Solids Fluidizing
Steam
Clean
Flue
Gas
www.tri-inc.net
Feedstocks Tested to Date
Solid Biomass
Wood residuals, chips and saw dust
Ag Residuals
Swine waste
Poultry litter
Rice hulls
Grape plant prunings
Pistachio nut shells
Olive waste
Switch grass pellets
Low Rank Coal
Lignite, sub bituminous coal
Wastes
Refuse Derived Fuel
Municipal and mill sludge
Spent Liquors
Kraft Sulfite Soda Straw Distillery spent wash
www.tri-inc.net
Process Demonstration Unit Durham, NC
!!Located at Southern Research Clean Energy Development Center
!!Capacity; 4 dtpd biomass, 1MW thermal
!!Scope
!!Biomass feed
!!Biomass gasification
!!Primary syngas clean-up
!!Compression and secondary gas clean-up
!!FT liquids production
!!Capable of providing high value, clean syngas to essentially any downstream catalytic process.
www.tri-inc.net
Process Demonstration Unit (PDU)
Biomass Feed System
Steam Reformer
Carbon Trim Cell
Gas Clean Up System
FT GTL
www.tri-inc.net
Process Demonstration Unit Accomplishments
!! All the subsystems and unit operations of a biorefinery are represented in the PDU
!! Trials have been conducted to support commercial performance projections for the DOE-supported Wisconsin projects
!!Over 6,300 hours cumulative operation on gasifier and biomass feed systems
!! Approaching 1,700 hours of integrated operation, Biomass to FT liquids
!! Performed trials on NC woody biomass, sawdust, bark, hay and chips
!! Trials planned for agricultural residuals (switchgrass and sorghum well-suited to NC) and RDF
www.tri-inc.net
Commercial Scale Plant - 2003
!! Norampac, Inc.- Owned by Cascades, Canada’s largest containerboard manufacturer
!! Trenton is a zero effluent mill producing 500 tpd corrugating medium
!! Design Capacity: 115 TPD of Spent Liquor Solids – equivalent to 500 dry TPD solid biomass
TRI Reformer
www.tri-inc.net
Flambeau River Biofuels Project Park Falls, Wisconsin
!! Over 100 year old paper mill
!! Primary employer in the region
!! Entrepreneurial leader with bold vision
!! Awarded $80 million DOE grant for demonstration biorefinery
!! Capacity; 1,000 dtpd forest waste biomass
!! Multiple products !! 9.5 million gallons per year diesel fuel
!! 7.6 million gallons per year paraffin
!! 5.3 MW of green electricity
!! Steam and hot water to paper mill
www.tri-inc.net
NewPage Corporation: Project Independence Wisconsin Rapids, WI
!! Large, integrated pulp and paper mill
!! Primary employer in the region
!! Awarded $50 million DOE grant for demonstration biorefinery
!! Capacity: 500 dry tons per day waste wood biomass
!! Multiple Products !! 8.5 million gallons/yr FT liquids
!! 180 MMBTU/HR steam and hot water to paper mill
www.tri-inc.net
Integrated Biorefinery
Integrated Biorefinery Concept Diverse Feedstocks to a Wide Range of Products
Integrated with an Energy Host for Maximum Efficiency
!!Feedstock Flexibility
!!Product Optionality
!!Integrated Implementation Strategies
www.tri-inc.net
Gasifier
Agricultural Wastes
Integrated Biorefinery
Forest
Residuals
65-75% Overall Thermal Efficiency
Char
Synthesis
www.tri-inc.net
Greenfield Biorefinery
Synthesis
Plant
HRSG & Syngas
Clean-up
HP Steam
Tail Gas
Biofuel /
Biochemicals
TRI
Reformer
MSW
RDF
Energy
Crops Gas Turbine
Green Power
Steam Turbine
Condenser
Lo Temp Clean
Exhaust
Hi Temp Exhaust
HRSG
Forest
Residuals
Dryer
www.tri-inc.net
Sustainability – Best use of wood
!! Biomass is finite – sustainable biomass even more so
!! Estimates vary widely and many address sustainability differently
!! Growers are conservative and need to be
!! Biomass needs to be used in a way that maximizes its economic impact
!! Value hierarchy starts at wood products, paper, chemicals, fuels, thermal energy
!! Economic impact maximized with products that turnover
!! Policy for maximum economic value on a sustainable basis is complex
!! What are the goals? Distributed biorefineries for rural benefit? Fuels vs Chemicals vs Power?
!! What incentives will work?
!! What policies should we target? Are there any unintended consequences?
!! The intelligent use of carbon will define how negative it really is
ThermoChem Recovery Int’l, Inc. 3700 Koppers St. Suite 405
Baltimore, MD 21227
Ph 410.525.2400
www.tri-inc.net
Kilns,
Boilers,
etc.
GTL
Gas Turbine
Refinery
Transportation
Fuels
Chemicals
Green
Power
Agricultural
Wastes
Sludge
Lignite
MSW
RDF
Forest
Residuals
Energy
Crops
Questions?
NC Farm Center for Innovation
and Sustainability
6,000 acre Sustainable Farming
Demonstration Center
Location: Near Fayetteville, NC, in
Cumberland and Bladen counties.
Preliminary Findings with
Biochar:
•! Sandy Soils-Coastal Plain
•! Soil Amendment
•! Row Crops
•! Improved Production
Contact: Richard Perritt Ph.D.
Executive Director.
www.ncfarmcenter.org
Funded by a USDA/NRCS 2009
Conservation Innovation Grant
BIOCHAR DEMONSTRATION
PROGRAM
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Making Biochar:
Continuous or Batch
Patient / Cautious
Farmer or Buyer
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(one method of land application)
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!! Continue to test biochar as soil amendment on row crops.
!! Analyze more soil and water retention qualities, vary feedstocks.
!! Consider blended combinations such as composts plus biochar.
!! Improve farm-scale technologies for production and techniques
for land applications.
!! Consider centralized sources of biochar, i.e., cooperatives.
!! Promote Adoption: More targeted outreach for farming
community, benefit-costs analysis, create biochar user groups,
meetings-conferences.
!! Contact us to exchange ideas! http://www.ncfarmcenter.org
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