HYDRAULIC TUrBINEs

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HYDRAULIC TUrBINEsGROUP MEMBERS15ch3215CH1562

DEFINITION:Awater turbineis a rotary machine that converts kinetic energy and potential energy ofwaterinto mechanical work and rotates the shaft to produce electric energy.

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TYPES OF HYDRAULIC TURBINE:IMPULSE TURBINE:1.pelton turbine REACTION TURBINE:1.Francis turbine2.Kaplan turbine4

PELTON TURBINE:INTODUCTION:ThePelton wheelis animpulsetypewater turbine. It was invented byLester Allan Pelton in the 1870s.This turbine is used for high heads

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SPECIFICATION:Power generation is about 400MW.The speed rate ranges from 65 to 800rpm.The efficiency is about 85%.The runner diameters is between 0.8 t0 6.0m. The operational head is from 15 to 1800m.

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MAIN COMPONENTS:Nozzle :- It controls the amount of water striking the vanes of runner.Casing :- It is used to prevent splashing of water. Runner and Bucket :- It is circular disc on the periphery on which evenly spaced bucket are fixed.Breaking jet :- Its function is to stop the runner in a short time period.

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KAPLAN TURBINEINTRODUCTION:TheKaplan turbineis a propeller-typewater. It was developed in 1913 by Austrian professor Viktor Kaplan.It is mainly used for low-head applications.

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SPECIFICATIONSThe head ranges from 1070 metresThe output varies from 5 to 200 MW.Runner diameters are between 2 and 11 metres.The rotational speed rate ranges from 69.2 rpm to 429 rpmIt gives highest efficiency which is over 90%.

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MAIN COMPONENTS Guide vanes : It is the vanes which guide the water Draft tube:- It discharges the water to trail race through gradually expanding tube. And it also increases the pressure. Runner :- It is connected to shaft of the generator. Hub:- It part on which runner is mounted

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FRANCIS TURBINEINTRODUCTION:TheFrancis turbine is an inward-flowreaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts.It was developed byJames .B. Francis.

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SPECIFICATION They operate in awater head from 40 to 600m (130 to 2,000ft).The power generated is 800MW.The speed range of the turbine is from 75 to 1000rpm.It give efficiency of about 90%.The runner diameters are between 0.91 to 10.6 m.

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MAIN COMPONENTSSpiral casing :- It guides the water to the guide vanes and also control the flow. Guide vanes :- They guide the water to runner and get closed on increase in flow. Runner :- They are heart of the turbine and rotate on the impact of flow.Draft tube :- It is place from where the water is discharged from.

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Difference between kaplan and francis turbines:

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