what is this? are you sure this is a rock? what else could it be? what tests could you do to...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
What is this?
• Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be?
• What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?
![Page 2: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
3-1 Properties of Minerals
What is a Mineral?Identifying Minerals
![Page 3: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is a mineral?
• To be a mineral a substance must have the following characteristics:
• Inorganic• Solid• Naturally Occurring• Has a Crystal structure • Definite chemical
composition
![Page 4: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Inorganic
• A mineral cannot form from materials that were once part of living things.
![Page 5: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Solid
• Minerals are solid, which means they have a definite volume and shape.
• The particles in a solid are tightly packed together so they cannot move.
![Page 6: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Minerals are solid.
![Page 7: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Naturally Occurring
• Formed by processes in nature
![Page 8: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Crystal Structure
• The particles in a mineral form a repeating pattern
![Page 9: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Definite Chemical Composition
• A mineral always contains certain elements in certain amounts.
•Example: SiO2 is Quartz
![Page 10: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Color
• Color can be used to identify a few minerals
• This is not the best test because many minerals are the same color.
![Page 12: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Streak
• The streak test identifies the color of the powder of a mineral. While a mineral’s color may change its streak will not.
![Page 13: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Luster
• Luster refers to the way that light reflects off of the mineral’s surface.
![Page 14: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Density
• Density is defined as “Mass per unit volume.”
• In other words, how many particles are in a certain area.
![Page 15: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Hardness• Hardness is a
minerals characteristic of being able to scratch softer minerals and be scratched by harder minerals
![Page 16: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Moh’s Hardness Scale
• Moh’s Hardness scale
• Ranks minerals from softest (1) to hardest (10)
![Page 17: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Crystal Systems
• Each mineral has a particular crystal structure
• Example Cubic, hexogonal
![Page 18: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Crystal Structure
![Page 19: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Cleavage and Fracture
• Minerals with cleavage break along flat plains. While minerals with fracture break more jaggedly but the break can still have a pattern.
• For example: the image above has fracture in a sea-shell shape.
![Page 20: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Fracture
![Page 21: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Cleavage
![Page 22: What is this? Are you sure this is a rock? What else could it be? What tests could you do to determine the type of rock you just picked up?](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bffb1a28abf838cc0d25/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Special Properties• Some minerals can
be identified by special properties they have.
• For example: Magnetite is magnetic and Scheelite glows in the dark (fluorescence)