what is the scientific method? - klein independent school...
TRANSCRIPT
What are the steps of
the scientific method?1. Background Information
2. Problem
3. Hypothesis
4. Materials
5. Procedure
6. Data
7. Discussion
8. Conclusion
Background Information
Background information is information that you research before you conduct your investigation.
It might be information you already know!
This information helps you clearly understand your topic before you begin conducting experiments.
This might include safety information!
If you were doing an experiment
with M&M’s, would you have
any Background information?
Sure you would!
1. What colors do they come in?
2. What types of M&M’s are there?
What else can you come up with about M&M’s?
Problem
A problem is the
question you (the
scientist) plan to answer
by conducting the
scientific investigation.
Think of this problem about
Open House?
Problem: What will happen if your parents come to open house?
A Problem is always stated as a question. It is the question that you want to solve or answer during your scientific investigation.
Hypothesis
The hypothesis is an educated
guess or explanation that
answers the question in the
problem. This is what you
THINK the answer might be.
A hypothesis should be
written as an IF/THEN
statement!
Cause and effect
When one thing happens it causes
another thing to happen.
Example: If I run in the hall, Then I
will get hurt.
Let’s Practice!
Look at the overhead and
read the stories,
What are some possible
hypotheses?
Try to list at least 10 for each!
Let’s Practice with Data!
Look at the DATA on the overhead and write a
complete hypothesis for each!
1. If the amount of salt added to water is
increased, Then the temperature at
which boiling starts will increase
The amount of salt can be changed, so it
is the “if” statement. It causes the
temperature to change, so the
temperature change is the “then”
statement.
Let’s Practice with Data!
2. If the number of turns of wire is increased, Then the number of paper clips picked up will increase.
The number of turns of wire causes the number of paper clips picked up to increase, so the turns of wire is the if statement and the paper clips picked up is the then statement. The ammeter reading did not change, we call this a constant, it is not included in the hypothesis.
Let’s Practice with Data!
3. If different size pieces of sugar are put in hot water, then the smaller size pieces will dissolve faster.
The size of the sugar controls the time it takes to dissolve. So the size of the sugar is the cause or “if statement and the time to dissolve is the effect or the “then statement.
Let’s Practice for
Homework!Write a hypothesis to the following problems:
1. What will happen if I don’t wear safety goggles in the lab?
2. What will happen if I don’t complete my homework?
3. How many drops of water can a penny hold?
4. If we fill a baby food jar with water, then how many drops of water will it take to cause the jar to overflow?
MaterialsThis is the list of
supplies and
equipment that you
will need to prove
whether
or not your
hypothesis
is correct.
Rules for listing
materials
1. Be descriptive! (tell me the size,
shape, color etc.)
2. Be precise! (Say 50ml of water and not
a little bit of water)
3. Don’t forget what you will need to
clean up!
4. If you need a liquid, you’ll need
something to hold the liquid in.
ProcedureThe list of steps that you will
follow to prove whether or not your hypothesis was accepted or rejected.
These will be numbered steps, in exactly the order that you will follow them.
List each step separately and be as descriptive as possible.
DiscussionThese are the questions that you
have thought of during the
experiment!
Things that you wonder about!
ConclusionThe Conclusion is the answer to the problem,
that you discovered during your scientific
investigation.
The Conclusion has 5 parts…
1. The hypothesis was accepted/rejected.
2. It Stated…
3. To test the hypothesis…
4. During the test it was observed…
5. Therefore…
Let’s PracticeWrite a conclusion for one of
the hypotheses that you
made in the previous
section. You can make up
the details of the lab, just
use correct format.
If the number of turns of
wire is increased,
Then the number
of paper clips
picked up will increase.
Paper Clip LabThe Hypothesis is accepted. It stated, If the
number of turns of wire is increased,
Then the number of paper clips picked
up will increase. To test the hypothesis,
wire was wrapped around a nail 5, 10
and 15 times, the end of wire was
connected to a battery and we
attempted to pick up paper clips with
the nail.
Paper Clip LabDuring the test it was observed, that the more
times we wrapped the wire around the nail,
the more paper clips it picked up. When the
wire was wrapped around the nail 5 times,
the nail picked up 4 paper clips. When the
wire was wrapped around the nail 10 times,
the nail picked up 8 paper clips. When the
wire was wrapped around the nail 15 times,
the nail picked up 12 paper clips.
Paper Clip LabTherefore the conclusion is the same as the
hypothesis, which stated If the number of
turns of wire is increased, Then the
number of paper clips picked up will
increase.
You should practice
writing more
conclusions, we will be
writing a lot of
conclusions through out
the school year.
Great Job!Now let’s review. On your own paper write
down just the answers to the following
questions.
1. List the 8 steps of the scientific method in
order.
2. Which step of the scientific method is the
questions that arise during the lab
experiment?
3. Which step of the scientific method comes
before procedure?
Now let’s say the 8 steps of the
scientific method all together!
1. Background Information
2. Problem
3. Hypothesis
4. Materials
5. Procedure
6. Data
7. Discussion
8. Conclusion