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Page 1: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

What is the goal you will

pursue in your life ?

Page 2: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

Bachelor → Master → ?

Ph.D. …or

Just find a good job !

Page 3: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

Introduction

William W.L. Wei, Ph.D.

Page 4: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

The Philosophy of

“Learning”

Page 5: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

(Raw) Data

Information

Knowledge

Wisdom

Page 6: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

Knowledge →Google?!

Page 7: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣
Page 8: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

What is a “system” ?

input, output, media, and

feedback mechanism

Page 9: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

inductive vs. deductive (歸納 vs. 演繹)

歸納:歸納式推理是從特殊性發展至普遍性,從一系列特定觀察中發現一種代表所有既定事件的秩序的模式。

【為什麼當你和別人一起讀書時成績會比較好?】

演繹:演繹式推理是由普遍性發展至特殊性,它的進行模式是:(1)從邏輯或理論上預期的模式開始,到 (2)測試預期的模式是否確實存在而進行的觀察。

【你想知道哪一種讀書方式最好?】

Page 10: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

Problem ? → Solution?

P → Q

Proposition ? → Hypothesis?

Page 11: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

Type I error → 拒絕真的虛無假設 (false alarms)

Type II error → 接受假的虛無假設 (misses)

接受H0是一個「弱」的決策

拒絕H0是一個「強」的決策

Probability

Page 12: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

P → Q ≡ ~Q → ~P

Not significant → H0 ≡

H1 → significant

Ex: 每天攝取維他命 C可以增進

高中學生的智商(研究假設H1)

Ex: KMT可以,為何DPP不可以?

Page 13: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

Significant Level: α

( 發生Type I error的機率 )

Page 14: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

One-way

ANOVA

Factorial Design

ANOVA

Page 15: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣
Page 16: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

What is the goal /or

expectation for you to

take this course ?

Page 17: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

Evaluation vs. Decision-making

Single objective vs. Multiple objectives

錢多、事少、離家近位高、權重、責任輕

惟「魚」與「熊掌」不可兼得也!

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attribute

objective

goal

criteria

屬性

目標

標的

評準

←衡量事物的某種條件或特徵(客觀或中性的)→

←有方向性的屬性(極大或極小) →

←達到一定標準最好 →

←選擇標準 →

Page 19: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

凡決策必定是多目標的;單目標

的決策問題並非真正的「決策」

問題,而僅是「技術」問題。

Page 20: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

Evaluation Techniques

Ex: Scoring vs. Rating

100, 85, 72, 55,… vs. A+, B-, W, F…

「直覺」vs.「理性」?

It’s just a technical problem!

Page 21: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

Question:

薯條15元,薯餅20元。

全班60位小朋友,一人一份點心,

但班費僅有1,000元。

此即為「單目標」「技術」問題!

Page 22: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

Question: 某公司生產A, B兩種產品,該公司希望在現有資源下決定A, B最適產量,以獲得最大利潤。

生產一個A產品需1小時勞力及1公斤原料,獲3元利潤,生產一個B產品需1小時勞力及2公斤原料,獲5元利潤;但每天最多只有6小時勞力及10公斤原料可資運用。另外,為滿足需求因素, A產品每天不能低於1個。

此即為「多目標決策」!

Page 23: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

Answer: (linear goal programming)

假定 X1 = 產品A的產量;X2 = 產品B的產量

max Z = 3X1 + 5X2(最大利潤目標函數)

s.t. X1 + X2 ≦ 6 (勞動時間限制式)

X1 + 2X2 ≦ 10 (原料限制式)

X1 ≧ 1 (需求限制式)

X1, X2 ≧ 0 (非負值限制式)

Page 24: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

切點 B(2, 4)即為最適解,此時利潤最大。

Z = 3 x 2 + 5 x 4 = 26(元)

Page 25: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

What is Measurement ?

the process of assigning numbers to events or

objects according to rules

Types of Measurement Scales

nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio scales

Qualitative Research vs. Quantitative Research

Grounded theory, protocol analysis, field study…

vs. QFD, AHP, CA, SPSS statistics…

Page 26: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

Design …

設計評價決策

Page 27: What is the goal you will pursue in your lifemm.tlrc.mcu.edu.tw/teacher_orientation/TeacherDocuments/...設計學報(Journal of Design) 衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣

設計學報(Journal of Design)

衛萬里*(2011),無形文化符碼於商品設計程序之應用-以臺灣閩南鬼神諺語為例,16(3),69-93。

閻建政*、衛萬里(2011),組織溝通要素對組織溝通效能及設計績效之影響,16(2),61-85。

方菁容*、衛萬里(2008),青少年對創意星座圖像設計之美感研究,13(2),51-68。

張文智、衛萬里*(2006),新產品開發決策之同步SMART2評價模式,11(2),21-42。

張文智、衛萬里*(2005),應用聯合分析法於商標設計之最佳化研究─以羅昇企業設計個案為例,10(4),55-70。

衛萬里*、張文智(2005)。應用模糊德爾菲與分析網路程序法選擇最佳產品設計方案之研究,10(3),59-80。