SECTION 1.1 What is Psychology?

Levels of Analysis

Biological Cognitive Sociocultural Case Study of Andrea Yates

Building Blocks of Scientific PsychologyTheories and Empirical Studies

Theories: Explanation for a psychological phenomenon. Built on Concepts (hypothetical construct) that are tested using tools.

Ex. Self-efficacy (one’s own belief about success in something)

Bandura’s Theory

Self efficacy determines how hard you will try to do something.

Theory in Practice

Why do some talented people not achieve their potential?

Dweck’s Theory

Explained how people view success and intelligence

Fixed mindset vs. growth mindset Explain

Dweck’s Findings

Fixed mindset at risk for underachievment Praising intelligence reinforces fixed

mindset. Limits intellectual growth

Critical Thinking

Ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgements on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence, rather than emotions, beliefs, myths, and anecdotes.

Critical Thinker Profile

Questions assumptions and biases Evaluates available evidence and relates it to

a theory or opinion. Considers alternative interpretations. Avoids emotional reasoning Does not jump to oversimplified conclusions Knows that plausible conclusions are based

on evidence Is willing to reassess conclusions if new

information appears Is able to tolerate some uncertainty

How can you demonstrate critical thinking skills in psychology?

Evidence Tests of the theory Representative groups

Realistic conditions Peer review