what is matter? matter is defined as anything that has mass and occupies space anything you can hold...
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What is Matter?Matter is defined as anything that has mass
and occupies spaceAnything you can hold or touch is matterExamples: Books, desks, phones, and so is air,
why air?
Things that are not matter: Light, sound, and electricity
These things are not matter because they have no mass or volume
EnergyEnergy is the ability to change or move
matter
If I were to move a desk, it would require energy
Our bodies require energy to function, we obtain this energy from food
Without energy, living organisms would not survive
Forms of Potential EnergyGravitational Potential EnergyElastic Potential EnergyChemical EnergyNuclear Energy
Gravitational Potential EnergyThe energy that results from its position
above the groundAny system of two or more objects separated
by a distance contains gravitational potential energy
This results from the gravitational attraction between the objects
Elastic Potential EnergyThe energy stored in any type of stretched or
compressed elastic materialExamples include a clock spring, bungee
cord, and rubber band What would happen if I had a rubber band
stretched out and then released it?What happens when a compressed spring is
released?
Chemical EnergyThe energy stored within atoms and
molecules that can be released when a substance reacts
Lets look at an example……
Nuclear EnergyEnergy that comes from the splitting of an
atom, or fusing two atoms togetherThis is an energy stored by the forces holding
subatomic particles together in the nuclei of atoms
Lets imagine a water balloon……
Radiant EnergyAKA light energy or electromagnetic energyThis is electromagnetic energy that travels in
transverse waves An example of this is solar power
Thermal EnergyThis is energy that comes from heat and the
vibration of atoms and moleculesExamples include geysers and coal burningAnother example is boiling water
• As the water heats up the molecules began to vibrate and have an increase in velocity. In return this cause the water to heat up
SoundSound is the movement of energy through
substances in longitudinal wavesExamples include echoes and music
Electrical EnergyThis is another term for electricityOur homes are powered by electricityThis results from the flow of charged
particles through wires or other conducting materials
Mechanical EnergyMechanical Energy is defined as:
The sum of the potential and kinetic energy in a system
Ex. When an apple hangs from a tree it has potential energy. As it falls it has both potential and kinetic energy. The sum of both the potential and kinetic energy is called the mechanical energy.
Transformation of EnergyWhen the energy in a system changes from
one form to another (like from potential to kinetic) this is known as transformation of energy
ExampleDuring a roller coaster ride energy changes
many times. At the top of the hill the roller coaster has a lot of potential energy (stored energy).
After this, energy goes through a series of transformations, turning from potential to kinetic energy and back to potential.
The Law of Conservation of EnergySimply put:
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Energy does not just appearEnergy cannot be created from nothingIt must be due to energy that enters the system
from an external sourceEnergy does not just disappear
It can change forms, but not disappear
Example of Energy Entering a SystemImagine a girl jumping on a trampoline. Say
she bounces 0.5m on the first bounce, and then 1.0m on the second bounce.
Because she is higher after the second bounce, she has more potential energy
The total energy increased, but was due to an external force (the girl pushing with her legs)
Example of Energy not disapperingWhat happens when we bounce a ball?As it bounces, it begins to bounce lower and
lowerThis means after every bounce it has a
decrease in potential and kinetic energy
This energy doesn’t disappear
BUT WHERE DOES IT GO??
Where Does It Go??If all of the kinetic energy of the ball
transformed back into kinetic energy after it bounced, what would happen?
The ball would continue to bounce at the same height
Obviously this isn’t what happens, so where did the energy go?
Where Does It GoWhen the ball hits the ground, some of the
kinetic energy compresses the air around the ball, making a sound
Some of the kinetic energy makes the ball, air, and ground hotter
Because these other forms of energy are not due to motion or position, they are considered nonmechanical energy