what is chemsitry? what do you know about its history
TRANSCRIPT
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What is Chemsitry?
• What do you know about its history
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ALCHEMISTS
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ANTOINE LAVOISIER
FATHER OF MODERN
CHEMISTRY
Followed scientific method to challenge pholgiston theory.
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What is matter?What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.and takes up space.
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Properties of MatterProperties of Matter
How It Looks (Shiny ,Dull, Color, etc.) How It Looks (Shiny ,Dull, Color, etc.) How It Feels (Hard, Soft, Rough , Smooth, How It Feels (Hard, Soft, Rough , Smooth,
etc.) etc.) How It Smells (Sweet, Sharp, Terrible, No How It Smells (Sweet, Sharp, Terrible, No
Smell, etc.) Smell, etc.) How It Sounds (Loud, Soft, Echo, No How It Sounds (Loud, Soft, Echo, No
Sound, etc.) Sound, etc.) What It Does (Bounce, Stretch, Tear, What It Does (Bounce, Stretch, Tear,
Break, Magnetism etc.) Break, Magnetism etc.)
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STATES OF MATTERSTATES OF MATTER
•The Four States of The Four States of MatterMatter
•SolidSolid
•LiquidLiquid
•GasGas
•PlasmaPlasma
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STATES OF MATTERSTATES OF MATTER
Based upon particle arrangementBased upon energy of particlesBased upon distance between particles
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Kinetic Theory of Matter
Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.
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STATES OF MATTERSOLIDS
•Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.
•Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Heat
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STATES OF MATTERLIQUID
Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Heat
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STATES OF MATTERGAS
Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Heat
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PHASE CHANGESDescription of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement DuringPhase Change
Solid to liquid
MeltingHeat goes into the solid as it melts.
Liquid to solid
FreezingHeat leaves the liquid as it freezes.
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PHASE CHANGESDescription of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During Phase Change
Liquid to gas
Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation
Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes.
Gas to liquid
CondensationHeat leaves the gas as it condenses.
Solid to gas SublimationHeat goes into the solid as it sublimates.
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But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels…
between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?
Will everything just be a gas?
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STATES OF MATTERPLASMA
A plasma is an ionized gas.
A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
• Plasma is the common state of matter
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STATES OF MATTER
SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA
Tightly packed, in a regular pattern
Vibrate, but do not move from place
to place
Close together with no regular arrangement.Vibrate, move
about, and slide past each other
Well separated with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate and move freely at high
speeds
Has no definite volume or shape and is composed
of electrical charged particles
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Some places where plasmas are found…
1. Flames
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2. Lightning
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3. Aurora (Northern Lights)
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The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state
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MATTER CAN BE SORTED INTO TWO CATEGORIES
PURE MIXTURES
SUBSTANCES
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PURE SUBSTANCE
Substance that is made up of all the same kind of matter.
All the particles have the same chemical formula.
ELEMENT OR COMPOUND
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MATTER
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MIXTURE
Substance that is made up of DIFFERENT kinds of matter.
ELEMENTS AND/ OR COMPOUNDS
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MATTER
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SUMMARY OF RELATIONSHIPSBETWEEN DIFFERENT
FORMS OF MATTER
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Vocabulary
AllotropeOne of two or more different molecular
forms in the same physical state.
oxygen (O2) and ozone (O3)
diamond, graphite, bucky ball