what is a watershed or landscape perspective? you are here · -noaa (decision support system lower...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: What is a watershed or landscape perspective? You are here · -NOAA (Decision support system Lower Col. Bio-Op/Siuslaw-ESA-Section 7-National Forests (all in WA, OR, NCA)-USFS-PSW,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d2582e29c1de70f138b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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What is a watershed or landscape perspective?
You are here
-remove sediment
-add sediment
-add wood, riparian manipulation
-alter (engineer) channel/floodplain morphology
-restore/abandon roads
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What is a watershed or landscape perspective?
What about upstream erosion sources & sediment supply?
You are here
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What is a watershed or landscape perspective?
What about flood, debris flow & gully erosion impacts?
You are here
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What is a watershed or landscape perspective?
What about effects of tributary confluences?
You are here
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LWD
Input
What is a watershed or landscape perspective?
What about future wood supply, transport and storage?
You are here
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What about these factors at watershed to landscape scales?
Stream segments
Road crossings
Hundreds to thousands of sites
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A watershed perspective is particularly pertinent at large
administrative scales
Community
Conservation
NGOs
Multiple
Forests
(NWFP)
State & national forests
States & regions
(WDFW, WDNR, NWPPC…)
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1) Common land use, restoration and conservation objectives
2) Overlapping agencies & organizations
3) Similar questions, data & tool needs
At large scales there are universal policy features
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One Solution:
A Community Watershed Database
and Analysis System
-A geographically
extensive & uniform landscape
databases of common data structure
-User friendly analysis
tools that use the database for
analysis & decision support
-Community (stakeholder) supported
design & development of shared
databases & tools
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NetMap
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Overview of Analysis Tools
Aquatic habitat indices-intrinsic potential (specie)
-core areas
-connectivity
-diversity
-bio-hotspots
-classification
Watershed Processes-erosion/sediment supply
-LWD supply
-thermal loading/temp
Vegetation-forest age
-fire risk
-burn severity
Roads-density (multi-scale)
-Crossing w/fish
-upstream hab. length/quality
-stability
-drainage diversion
-surface erosion
Query/Overlap tools & others-menu driven: search & prioritize
e.g., high erosion w/best habitat,
high road density + high
erosion + sensitive habitat
Google Earth Interface/hyperlinked tech help
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Tools are continually being updated and new ones funded (since 2005):
Recent examples: -Shasta Trinity National Forest (Flammap + WEPP)
-Wild Salmon Center (GIS network cross talk tool)
-Hinton Forest Products, Canada (LIDAR capabilities)
-WSC/Sakhalin Salmon Initiative (velocity, substrate size)
Community Tool Development/Platform
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-80 million acres (125,000 mi2), WA, OR,
CA, ID, AK
-NOAA (Decision support system
Lower Col. Bio-Op/Siuslaw-ESA-Section 7
-National Forests (all in WA, OR, NCA)
-USFS-PSW, PNW
-Oregon Dept. Forestry
-EPA (TMDL)
-Wild Salmon Center
-Ecotrust
-Sakhalin Salmon Initiative, Russia
-Washington Coastal Sustainable Salmon I.
-Kalispel Tribe/Salmon Board
-Watershed Councils
Community Watershed Database
Completed
&
pending
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Pre-fire planning
Post-fire (BAER) planning
Conservation
RestorationRoadsForestry – Timber harvest
Aquatic
Habitats
Applications
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Pre-fire planning
Post-fire (BAER) planning
Conservation
RestorationRoadsForestry – Timber harvest
Aquatic
Habitats
Applications
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Example: Upland restoration(of the hundreds to thousands of road crossings in a large watershed, how
are surveys, maintenance and restoration prioritized?)
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Step 1: Define Aquatic Habitats
NetMap
Toolbar
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Create (or apply) aquatic habitat indices
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Step 2: Analyze road impacts and spatial relation to habitats
NetMap
Toolbar
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Step 3: Prioritize road (instability) restoration
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Step 3: Prioritize road surface erosion mitigation
Areas of higher potential road surface erosion (overlaps with fish habitat?)
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Step 3: Prioritize field evaluation of roads in floodplains
Floodplain – road intersection tool
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Valley transitions
Valley transitions
Confluence
intersection
More stable - Engineered restoration risk lower
Better candidate for monitoring
Dynamic - Natural restoration potential higher
Engineered restoration risk higher
Example: Channel restoration & monitoring(Where is natural restoration likely? Where is in-channel restoration risky?
Where are the most appropriate monitoring sites?)
Less dynamic, engineered
restoration feasible Valley
transitionsConfluence
intersection
More dynamic, natural
restoration likely
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NetMap Tools: Define Channel Disturbance Potential
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More stable sites (more successful restoration)
More dynamic sites (more risky, natural restoration)
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NetStream,
NetMap Tools
Universal stream layer,
NetMap watershed
databases
Support/
Training Forums
Advisory
Groups
Tools and databases accessed via the Web (www.netmaptools.org)
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With a mouse click, export all output to Google Earth
Less concern More concern
Red=higher risk
Blue = lower risk
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Step 4: Calculate spatial variations in road density at multi scales
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Small scale restoration would benefit from a watershed perspective
Stream reach/individual project tributary basin
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0.2-0.5 m diameter
LWD
Input
NetMap creates basin scale sediment, thermal, wood input budgets;
simulate (game) management/restoration scenarios
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Burn severity
and aggregated downstream
Multi-scale analysis & routing of spatial data
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Uniform data structure
Stream
Hillslope
-full flow dispersion
-flow direction (incl. on flats)
high to low areas
-local channel drainage area
Roads
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Oregon
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NetMap
Simplifies GIS
tasks
Provide data to
user supplied
models
Community
tool development
Community
watershed
databasesWEB
based
Multiple analysis tools
multiple parameters (100+)
Common
stream/hillslope
data structure
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One Future:
Community Watershed Database
and Analysis System
-A geographically
extensive & uniform landscape
databases of common data structure
-User friendly analysis
tools that use the database for
analysis & decision support
-Community (stakeholder) supported
design & development of shared
databases & tools
Outlined in: Future of Applied Watershed Science at Regional Scales. Eos, Transactions of the American Geophysical
Union. 2009. V. 90, No.18, 156-157.
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By overlapping erosion
maps with habitat maps
in NetMap, one can
prioritize field surveys
and restoration projects
designed to reduce
erosion related to land
management activities
and fire
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Use NetMap’s road tools to
identify potential areas for
restoration based on
erosion and hydrology
diversion potential and
fish habitat potential
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Use road tools
to identify
areas of
potential
concern and
thus potential
restoration
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Of the
thousands of
road-stream
crossings in a
watershed,
how do you
prioritize road
restoration
projects?
Use NetMap
tools to
classify all
road – stream
crossings
according to
fish habitat
potential
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Link road
density (at the
channel
segment scale),
erosion
potential
(surface erosion
or mass
wasting) with
habitat quality
or sensitivity to
identify overlaps
and thus
candidate areas
for restoration
activities
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Stream Reach Scale Restoration
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Target stream
or habitat
restoration at
the
intrinsically
best habitats,
specie specific
using various
habitat tools in
NetMap
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NetMap “Sews”
habitat patches
together (20 – 200 m
scale) using
thresholds for
-habitat quality
-habitat size
-habitat proximity
to create habitat
“core areas” or
“anchor habitats”
Target restoration at habitat core areas or anchor habitats
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Where is in-channel restoration risky?
Where is natural stream restoration likely?
Valley transitions
Valley transitions
Confluence
intersection
More stable - Engineered restoration risk lower
Better candidate for monitoring
Dynamic - Natural restoration potential higher
Engineered restoration risk higher
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Use
NetMap’s
channel
disturbance
tool to
create your
own
customized
channel
disturbance
indices to
identify
what
portions of
the channel
network are
most prone
to instability
and natural
disturbance
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Areas of
predicted high
channel
disturbance
potential may be
poor candidates
for in-stream
restoration but
good candidates
for natural
restoration
(floods,
sediment
deposition,
floodplain
interactions
etc.)
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Identify biological
“hotspots” using
combinations of
-confluence effects
-channel gradient
-valley
width/confinement
-valley transitions
-wood loading
-substrate size etc.
Target restoration at intrinsic biological “hotspots”
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Export identified restoration priorities to Google Earth
and send to colleagues (.kml files)