What is a What is a Genocide?Genocide?

GenocideGenocide The term genocide was first used in 1944, although The term genocide was first used in 1944, although

the crime itself has been committed often in history. the crime itself has been committed often in history.

It was initially used to describe the systematic It was initially used to describe the systematic campaign for the extermination of peoples carried campaign for the extermination of peoples carried on by Nazi Germany, in its attempts in the 1930s on by Nazi Germany, in its attempts in the 1930s and 40s to destroy the entire European Jewish and 40s to destroy the entire European Jewish community, and to eliminate other national groups community, and to eliminate other national groups in Eastern Europe.in Eastern Europe.

The word genocide comes the words genos (Greek The word genocide comes the words genos (Greek for family, tribe or race) and cide (Latin for killing)for family, tribe or race) and cide (Latin for killing)

GenocideGenocide

Raphael Lemkin first termed the word Raphael Lemkin first termed the word genocide.genocide.

Lemkin was a Polish Lawyer fled Lemkin was a Polish Lawyer fled Poland in 1939 to escape the Nazis.Poland in 1939 to escape the Nazis.

Lemkin lost 49 family members in the Lemkin lost 49 family members in the Holocaust.Holocaust.

After World War Two Lemkin spoke out After World War Two Lemkin spoke out to the international community to to the international community to create laws outlawing future genocides.create laws outlawing future genocides.

Genocide Genocide

Read a portion of Lemkin’s famous Read a portion of Lemkin’s famous writing writing

Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation-Analysis of Laws of Occupation-Analysis of Government-Proposals for Government-Proposals for RedressRedress

Section IX “Genocide” Section IX “Genocide”

GenocideGenocide

In 1948 the newly created United In 1948 the newly created United Nations came together to decide Nations came together to decide what was a genocide and how to what was a genocide and how to stop future genocides.stop future genocides.

The following was created to define The following was created to define genocides and to stop future genocides and to stop future genocides.genocides.

GenocideGenocide Convention on the Punishment andConvention on the Punishment and

Prevention of the Crime of GenocidePrevention of the Crime of Genocide  

The Contracting Parties, The Contracting Parties, Having considered the declaration made by the General Having considered the declaration made by the General

Assembly of the United Nations in its resolution 96 (I) Assembly of the United Nations in its resolution 96 (I) dated 11 December 1946 that genocide is a crime under dated 11 December 1946 that genocide is a crime under international law, contrary to the spirit and aims of the international law, contrary to the spirit and aims of the United Nations and condemned by the civilized world, United Nations and condemned by the civilized world,

Recognizing that at all periods of history genocide has Recognizing that at all periods of history genocide has inflicted great losses on humanity, and inflicted great losses on humanity, and

Being convinced that, in order to liberate mankind from such Being convinced that, in order to liberate mankind from such an odious scourge, international co-operation is required, an odious scourge, international co-operation is required,

GenocideGenocide In the present Convention, genocide means any of In the present Convention, genocide means any of

the following acts committed with intent to destroy, the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or

religious group, as suchreligious group, as such: : (a) Killing members of the group; (a) Killing members of the group; (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to

members of the group; members of the group; (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of

life calculated to bring about its physical destruction life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; in whole or in part;

(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births (d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; within the group;

(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to (e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.another group.

GenocideGenocide

The United Nations understood that The United Nations understood that Genocides had occurred in history Genocides had occurred in history and that if future genocides were to and that if future genocides were to stop then their must be international stop then their must be international intervention.intervention.

Genocide-8 StagesGenocide-8 Stages

In 1996 Dr. Gregory H. Stanton the In 1996 Dr. Gregory H. Stanton the President of Genocide Watch President of Genocide Watch established the 8 Stages of a established the 8 Stages of a genocide.genocide.

Genocide-8 StagesGenocide-8 Stages The are eight accepted stages of a The are eight accepted stages of a

genocide and they are as followsgenocide and they are as follows 1. Classification1. Classification 2. Symbolization2. Symbolization 3. Dehumanization3. Dehumanization 4. Organization4. Organization 5. Polarization5. Polarization 6. Preparation6. Preparation 7. Extermination7. Extermination 8. Denial8. Denial

Genocide-8 StagesGenocide-8 Stages

Dr. Stanton stated that most if not all Dr. Stanton stated that most if not all genocides followed the eight stage path.genocides followed the eight stage path.

Dr. Stanton also stated that at each Dr. Stanton also stated that at each stage a genocide could be stopped.stage a genocide could be stopped.

Dr. Stanton also concluded that once a Dr. Stanton also concluded that once a genocide starts the later stages must genocide starts the later stages must come after the earlier stages, however come after the earlier stages, however all stages may continue to operate in all stages may continue to operate in conjunction throughout the genocide.conjunction throughout the genocide.

GenocideGenocide

Classification-1Classification-1stst Stage Stage Us v. Them mentalityUs v. Them mentality

People are divided by their race, ethnicity, People are divided by their race, ethnicity, religion or nationality.religion or nationality.

Example is Nazi v. JewsExample is Nazi v. Jews This is an early stage of a genocide. This is an early stage of a genocide. Once there is a classification then Once there is a classification then

distinct lines can be drawn and people distinct lines can be drawn and people can be placed in groups to be later can be placed in groups to be later removed for the society. removed for the society.

GenocideGenocide

To stop classificationTo stop classification Promote tolerance of other groups.Promote tolerance of other groups. Outside or neutral organizations like Outside or neutral organizations like

the church/Red Cross/United Nations the church/Red Cross/United Nations need to stop divisions.need to stop divisions.

Promotion of a common language and Promotion of a common language and fair system of government.fair system of government.

Genocide/HolocaustGenocide/Holocaust

Nuremberg LawsNuremberg Laws Made Jews second Made Jews second

class citizens.class citizens. Classification of/by Classification of/by

Jewish ancestryJewish ancestry

GenocideGenocide Symbolization-2Symbolization-2ndnd Stage Stage

Names or symbols are given to people to classify Names or symbols are given to people to classify them. them.

As during the Holocaust-Jews or Gypsies.As during the Holocaust-Jews or Gypsies. Distinguish them by colors or dress and apply Distinguish them by colors or dress and apply

them to members of groups. them to members of groups. Classification and symbolization are universally Classification and symbolization are universally

human and do not necessarily result in genocide human and do not necessarily result in genocide unless they lead to dehumanization. unless they lead to dehumanization.

When combined with hatred, symbols may be When combined with hatred, symbols may be forced upon unwilling members of the groups: forced upon unwilling members of the groups:

The yellow star for Jews under Nazi rule.The yellow star for Jews under Nazi rule. A blue scarf for people in CambodiaA blue scarf for people in Cambodia

GenocideGenocide

To stop symbolizationTo stop symbolization Outlaw symbols for groups both the Outlaw symbols for groups both the

perpetrators and the victimsperpetrators and the victims The Star of DavidThe Star of David The swastikaThe swastika The Confederate flag?The Confederate flag?

Genocide/HolocaustGenocide/Holocaust

SymbolSymbol Star of David was Star of David was

used to force Jews used to force Jews to be identified.to be identified.

Name changes Name changes from German from German names to Jewish names to Jewish names.names.

Sara Sara IsraelIsrael

GenocideGenocide

Dehumanization-3Dehumanization-3rdrd Stage Stage One group denies the humanity or rights of the One group denies the humanity or rights of the

other group.other group. Rights are taken away Rights are taken away

Members of it are equated with animals, or a Members of it are equated with animals, or a diseases. diseases.

People are seen as less then humanPeople are seen as less then human Words like parasite are usedWords like parasite are used

Dehumanization of people allows normal people Dehumanization of people allows normal people to overcome their fear of murdering humans to overcome their fear of murdering humans and allows ordinary people to commit genocide.and allows ordinary people to commit genocide.

GenocideGenocide

How to stop DehumanizationHow to stop Dehumanization By this stage propaganda and hate By this stage propaganda and hate

speeches are being used.speeches are being used. Hate groups must be stopped or Hate groups must be stopped or

outlawed.outlawed. Propaganda must stop.Propaganda must stop. Rights must restored to the victims.Rights must restored to the victims.

Genocide/The HolocaustGenocide/The Holocaust

KristallnachtKristallnacht

““Night of Broken Night of Broken Glass”Glass” Violence was first Violence was first

used against Jews.used against Jews. German German

propaganda blamed propaganda blamed Jews for the Jews for the violence against violence against them.them.

GenocideGenocide

Organization-4Organization-4thth Stage Stage Plans are developed to rid the country Plans are developed to rid the country

or society of the group.or society of the group. Plans are usually developed by the Plans are usually developed by the

government.government. The military is used to carry out the The military is used to carry out the

killings.killings. Military groups are trained to kill the Military groups are trained to kill the

classified group.classified group.

GenocideGenocide

How to stop organizationHow to stop organization International Peacekeeping International Peacekeeping

organizations must monitor the organizations must monitor the countries.countries.

Withhold food or military aid to the Withhold food or military aid to the offending country.offending country.

Leaders must be held accountable for Leaders must be held accountable for actions.actions.

Arms embargos must be placed on the Arms embargos must be placed on the country.country.

Genocide/The HolocaustGenocide/The Holocaust The Final SolutionThe Final Solution

At the Wannsee At the Wannsee Conference in 1941 Conference in 1941 plans were drawn plans were drawn up on how to up on how to exterminate the exterminate the Jews.Jews.

The military The military immediately began immediately began to carry out the to carry out the murders.murders.

GenocideGenocide

Polarization-5Polarization-5thth Stage Stage Hate groups broadcast propaganda. Hate groups broadcast propaganda. Laws may forbid intermarriage or social Laws may forbid intermarriage or social

interaction. interaction. Extremist terrorism targets moderates, Extremist terrorism targets moderates,

intimidating and silencing the center.intimidating and silencing the center. ( Stop those in government who might ( Stop those in government who might speak out against the genocide)speak out against the genocide)

GenocideGenocide

How to stop polarizationHow to stop polarization Sanctions should be placed on the Sanctions should be placed on the

country.country. Extremist groups should not be allowed Extremist groups should not be allowed

to rule or have control of the to rule or have control of the government.government.

Peacekeeping forces should be put on Peacekeeping forces should be put on alert.alert.

Genocide/The HolocaustGenocide/The Holocaust

PropagandaPropaganda Jews were blamed Jews were blamed

for the problems of for the problems of GermanyGermany

Hitler and the Hitler and the Nazi’s used Nazi’s used propaganda to rally propaganda to rally the German people the German people against the Jews.against the Jews.

GenocideGenocide

Preparation-6Preparation-6thth Stage Stage Victims are identified and taken out of Victims are identified and taken out of

society.society. They are placed in labor camps, ghettos They are placed in labor camps, ghettos

or concentration camps.or concentration camps. They have lost all rights.They have lost all rights. They have no means to speak out or They have no means to speak out or

defend themselves.defend themselves. They are forgotten by the general society.They are forgotten by the general society.

GenocideGenocide

How to stop PreparationHow to stop Preparation At this point international military aid At this point international military aid

must be used.must be used. Victims are now helpless and can not Victims are now helpless and can not

defend themselves.defend themselves. The offending government must be The offending government must be

stopped.stopped.

Genocide/The HolocaustGenocide/The Holocaust

Deportation and Deportation and the Ghettosthe Ghettos The Germans The Germans

rounded up Jews rounded up Jews and sent them east and sent them east to Poland.to Poland.

Jews were confined Jews were confined to ghettos away to ghettos away from society.from society.

GenocideGenocide

Extermination-7Extermination-7thth Stage Stage The killing begins quickly and usually in The killing begins quickly and usually in

mass. This is when the incident can be mass. This is when the incident can be called a genocide.called a genocide.

The victims are seen as less then The victims are seen as less then human by the killers.human by the killers.

Armed forces are used to conduct the Armed forces are used to conduct the murders and killing centers (Death murders and killing centers (Death camps) or other areas are usually camps) or other areas are usually created.created.

GenocideGenocide

How to stop exterminationHow to stop extermination International military intervention is the International military intervention is the

only possible way to stop the killing.only possible way to stop the killing. The government must be stopped, the The government must be stopped, the

military must be neutralized, and the military must be neutralized, and the killing centers closed.killing centers closed.

Refugees must be safely escorted out of Refugees must be safely escorted out of the country to a place of safety.the country to a place of safety.

Genocide/The HolocaustGenocide/The Holocaust Extermination CampsExtermination Camps

AuschwitzAuschwitz BelzecBelzec ChelmnoChelmno SobiborSobibor

Thousands of Jews Thousands of Jews were murdered were murdered everyday.everyday.

GenocideGenocide

Denial-8Denial-8thth Stage Stage Denial always follows a genocide. Denial always follows a genocide. It becomes an indicator that a genocide has It becomes an indicator that a genocide has

taken place or might take place again. taken place or might take place again. The perpetrators dig up the mass graves, burn The perpetrators dig up the mass graves, burn

the bodies, try to cover up the evidence.the bodies, try to cover up the evidence. They deny that they committed any crimes, and They deny that they committed any crimes, and

blame the victims. blame the victims. They continue to govern until driven from power They continue to govern until driven from power

by force and when they flee into exile.by force and when they flee into exile.

GenocideGenocide

How to stop denialHow to stop denial Punishment for those who planned and Punishment for those who planned and

committed the genocide.committed the genocide. International investigations.International investigations. Keep the sites such as the Keep the sites such as the

concentration camps as memorials.concentration camps as memorials.

Genocide/The HolocaustGenocide/The Holocaust The Nazi’s burned the The Nazi’s burned the

bodies of many of bodies of many of their victims.their victims.

Many Germans denied Many Germans denied that they knew of that they knew of concentration camps.concentration camps.

Many Nazi’s who Many Nazi’s who planned or conducted planned or conducted the killings were the killings were never tried and went never tried and went free after the war.free after the war.

Genocide Genocide

Take 5 minutes and write down Take 5 minutes and write down three things learned about today and three things learned about today and or questions you have on what is a or questions you have on what is a genocide.genocide.

HomeworkHomework Quiz next class on the eight stages of a Quiz next class on the eight stages of a

genocide and the definition of a genocide.genocide and the definition of a genocide. In “Beyond the Melting Pot” Lynell In “Beyond the Melting Pot” Lynell

George cites that such things like racial George cites that such things like racial violence and genocides can be stopped byviolence and genocides can be stopped by ““strong ethnic and racial identities (including strong ethnic and racial identities (including

homogenous affiliations and friendships) homogenous affiliations and friendships) alongside a public participation of multiracial alongside a public participation of multiracial and multiethnic contacts that enriches the and multiethnic contacts that enriches the public and social sphere of life” public and social sphere of life”

Explain what George means and come up with Explain what George means and come up with four to five ways you could promote four to five ways you could promote multiracial and ethnical tolerance in your multiracial and ethnical tolerance in your community (School)community (School)