what determines the success or failure of an imt...
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What Determines the Success or Failure of an IMT Project?
Rachel FlanaryC. Braimah, J. Tambatamba, A. Awadh & A. Diouf
World Bank Transport Forum27th – 31st March 2006
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Presentation Objectives
To highlight some of the successes and failures of past IMT promotion efforts in SSA
To identify the key factors affecting the adoption and uptake of IMTs
What lessons can we learn?
What are the gaps?
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Background
Study of past IMT interventions in 4 countries: Ghana, Senegal, Tanzania & Zambia
Aim: to identify what interventions have had a sustained impact on IMT use
Key elements of: supply, demand, affordability, credit, design and maintenance.
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Why IMT?
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Features of IMT ProjectMinor part of larger infrastructure project
Small % of total project costs (Zambia- 2.1%)
Generally one-off interventions
Implemented by NGO, sometimes handed over to district authorities
From limited demonstrations (Tanzania) to comprehensive intervention (Zambia)
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Key Issues
Policy, Institutional and Regulatory Envt.Clear policy frameworkRegulation and taxation should encourage demand
SupplyBetter links between supply and demand. Encourage private sectorCritical mass for sustainabilityImprove awareness about IMTs
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Key IssuesDemand: utility, income
Bicycle-trailers vs donkey-carts
Appropriateness: terrain, climate, infrastructure, utility etc.
AffordabilityCost as proportion of HH incomeWide variety in cost and purchasing power Not always function of cost
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Key IssuesCredit
Encourages demand- particularly for new IMT
Low repayment
More viable for IMTs able to earn income
Need closer monitoring and follow-up.
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Key IssuesDesign and Maintenance
Appropriate level of design
Develop capacity of local artisans
Critical mass for sustainability
Feedback mechanisms and links between user and supplier
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Lessons from the StudyAffordability not just related to household income
Credit not successful using local govt institutions
Better repayment when higher financial return & multiple uses
Need to raise awareness of potential value of IMTs
Need appropriate level of design to fit maintenancecapacity.
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Knowledge GapsWe still do not fully understand what triggers household IMT mode ownership
Why is IMT uptake is so much lower in Africa than Asia: density of demand?
Diffusion of IMTs from urban to rural areas: how this can be harnessed
Need to explore further ways of supporting the private sector in the promotion of IMTs
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Conclusions
Case studies highlighted interesting issues
Range in scope of interventions- all small %Stronger supply links needed with private sectorDemand higher when IMT earns incomePerceptions of affordabilityCreditAppropriate level of demand & feedback
Still much we can learn…
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Thank You!!