what biotechnology
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What is
Biotechnology?
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Biotechnology
A wide ranging scientific field
which includes the
manipulation of living
organisms that results in new
products or processes by
that cell.
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How Old Is Biotechnology
?
10,000 BC
Domesticating
Crops
Domesticating Animals
8,000-9,000 BC
6,000 BC
Brewing Beer
4,000 BC
Leavening Bread
1880s
Production of Vaccines
1940s
Production of Antibiotics
1980s Use of genetically modified organisms
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Discovered the Laws Governing
the Genetic Inheritance of Traits
by Scientific Experimentation
Founded Modern Genetics
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How Old is Modern
Biotechnology?
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Genetically Modified Animals
1983 Transgenic Mice 1997 Cloned sheep
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Modern Biotechnology
Molecular Biology- microbiology
- biochemistry
- cell biology
Molecular Genetics
Genetic Engineering: Moving a gene
from one organism to another- chemical engineering
- biomanufacturing
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Genetically Modifying DNA
Integration of Foreign
DNA into Existing DNA
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Gene Manipulation and Introduction in Plant Biotechnology
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Restriction Enzyme
and Ligase
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Examples of Plant Transformations
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Biotechnology Industry
As of December 2003:
There are 1,473 companies & 198,300 employees
300 Biotechnology drug products and vaccines are in clinical trials
Biotechnology foods include papaya, corn and soybeans
Environmental biotechnology used to clean up hazardous spills
Forensic medicine is used for identification by DNA Fingerprinting
Regulated by the FDA
More than 323 million people worldwide have been helped by Biotech
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Fermentation Vessels
in Biomanufacturing Plant
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Biopharmaceuticals Defined
Any biology-based therapeutic that structurally mimics
components found in the body
Includes: recombinant proteins, antibodies, peptides,
antisense nucleotides, therapeutic genes, therapeutic
vaccines
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Biotechnology Applications in
Health and Medicine Protein Pharmaceuticals
Vaccines & Therapeutic Agents
Diagnostics: Protein or DNA Based
Gene Therapy
Stem Cell Research
Cancer Treatment
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Biotech Products in Use
Epogen,neupogen(Amgen)
TPA, Insulin(Genentech)
Interferon Beta
(Biogenidec)
Algucerase
(Genzyme)
Anemia, chemotherapyeffects
Blood clot remover,diabetic treatment
Treatment of Multiple
Sclerosis
Gauchers Disease
lysosomal storage
genetic defect
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Gene Therapy
Insertion of a new healthy gene into the organism toprovide needed (usually) proteins, hormones etc.
Gene is carried into the host by a viralvector that has been disabled
Can provide relief for many genetic diseases
Problems: Jessie Gelsinger, xscid babies
immune responses, and cancer
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Stem Cells
Can be used to replace damaged tissue
Examples: Heart cells, Parkinsons diseaseand Pancreatic cells in Diabetes
Ethical issues and lack of cells to workwith have slowed this research