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WHAT ARE THE MEDICAL USES OF STEROIDS?Jun 11, 2010 | By Like 1 SendDr. Shavon Jackson-Michel
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There are two classes of steroids used in medicine.Corticosteroids are drugs derived from the adrenalsourced hormones, cortisol and corticosterone. Thesehormones affect the immune system by suppressinginflammation. Therefore, drugs such as prednisoneaffect inflammation. Additionally, anabolic orandrogenic steroids are those commonly associatedwith weight-lifting. These steroids are derived fromtestosterone-like hormones and cause the body toaccumulate muscle mass and rebuild tissues. Inmedicine, anabolic steroids can be used after aserious injury, like a burn or chronic illness.
REDUCE INFLAMMATIONCorticosteroids are used to treat a variety ofinflammatory conditions, including but not limited to,chronic asthma and osteoarthritis. The inflammationoccurring in these diseases leads to tissue damage,deterioration and increased sensitivity. In the case ofasthma, this sensitivity promotes the airways tobecome over-reactive to allergens, exercise and otherstimulants. Increased activity promotes increasedbronchoconstriction and asthma attacks. Theinflammation of arthritis causes the lining of the joint to
become further damaged and speeds the rate of wear and tear. Professor Barnes of the Imperial College ofLondon found that chronic conditions such as asthma unwinds portions of DNA that signal inflammation.Barnes discovered that steroids work by reversing this process, putting unwound DNA back into it wound form.
PAIN TREATMENTSAs a result of the powerful anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids, they are commonly used to treat painconditions. The four cardinal signs of inflammation are heat, redness, pain and restricted movement.Therefore, by treating inflammation decreases in pain will result. Generally, when prescribed for paincorticosteroid will be given in low doses and for short terms, as long term steroid use is associated with manyside effects. Interestingly, The American Osteopathic College of Dermatology notes that one of the side effectsof long term oral steroid use is osteoporosis and a condition known as avascular necrosis. Both conditions canlead to extreme joint pain and an increased risk for fractures.
TREAT AUTOIMMUNE DISEASEOral corticosteroids are also used in conditions of autoimmunity. These conditions can include inflammatorybowel diseases, scleroderma, lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. In autoimmune diseases, the white blood cells andother immune cells attack the body's own tissues. A 1999 article from the "Australian Prescriber" journal notesthat steroids are usually used in high doses for a short period of time to causes a remission or reduce theprogression of the disease. The steroids create a short-term reduction in white blood cell counts by eitherinterfering in the way they are recycled or directly killing them.
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Anabolic steroids increase protein building and skeletal muscle mass. A 2000 Annuals of Internal Medicinearticle notes that wasting syndromes identified in conditions such as HIV/AIDS and end-stage cancer aredefined by the word cachexia. Cachexia was described as being an inflammatory event that ultimately leads tomuscle breakdown, weight loss not countered by increased food consumption, fatigue, malaise, alteredconsciousness and bone marrow suppression among many other changes. These changes were described asa hypoanabolic state and the author states that anabolic steroid use may be helpful. When taken with a highprotein diet, anabolic steroids increased weight gain.
PREVENT ANEMIAAnemia results from a deficiency of or inability of red blood cells to properly bring oxygen to the tissues. Theproduction of new red blood cells occurs in the bone marrow and this process is monitored by the kidneys.The kidneys produce the hormone, erythropoietin to signal increased red blood cells production when itsenses that the oxygen level in the blood is too low. The 2000 article states that anabolic steroids have beenused when the kidneys begin to fail in chronic kidney disease to help stimulate red blood cell production andprevent anemia.
REFERENCESThe Royal Society: "How Steroids Switch Off Inflammation: Rewinding DNA"
The American Osteopathic College of Dermatology: Steroids (Oral Cortisone)
Australian Prescriber: "Corticosteroids in Autoimmunity"
American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine: "Cachexia"
Article reviewed by Jenna Marie Last updated on: Jun 11, 2010
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